鳡鱼池塘养殖技术

鳡鱼(Elopichthys bambusa)是江、湖野生的名优鱼类之一，属鲤形目、鲤科、雅罗鱼亚科鱼类，俗称黄鲇，它长速快，个体大，病害少，市场价格高。2003年我们在吴江市特种水产科研示范园区进行了鳡鱼的池塘养殖试验。现将试验情况介绍如下。     

绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼溯河生殖群体结构的探讨

本文报道绥芬河鲤科唯一溯河性洄游鱼类滩头雅罗鱼生殖群体生物学。通过１，７９３尾样品测定，对溯河期，产卵期，群体的年龄生长，体长体重，生殖力，性比，成熟系数，肥满度等主要生态学特征及种群数量作了研究。为开发，增殖这一稀有经济鱼类资源提供重要的生物学资料。     

脂类和维生素对鱼类生殖的影响

营养素作为影响鱼类生殖全过程的一种外部因素，对亲鱼的生殖力和卵子质量等具有重要作用。综述了近年来国内外有关营养素与鱼类生殖的研究概况，详细阐述了脂类和维生素对鱼类生殖的影响。     

筑坝河流鱼类生物完整性研究——以珠江流域红水河为例[收稿日期：2021-08-30

基于红水河流域开发特点和鱼类群聚组成特征，构建红水河鱼类生物完整性评价指标体系，评价梯级开发对红水河不同生境类型的鱼类生物完整性的影响。河流参照状态和基准值由1982—1994年鱼类历史监测数据分析得到；监测值是2013年调查的鱼类数据；现状值为2018年鱼类数据。针对红水河鱼类区系特点和高强度水电开发特征，选取总种类数占期望值比例、鲤科鱼类所占比例、鲿科鱼类所占比例、鲇科鱼类所占比例、耐受性鱼类个体所占比例、渔获物中出现的科数所占比例、杂食性鱼类个体所占比例、底栖动物食性鱼类个体所占比例、顶级肉食性鱼类所占比例和外来种个体所占比例等10个指标构建红水河IBI指标体系。结果表明：2013年25个采样江段的IBI值为38 ~ 80分，均值62分。其中，24%的江段生物完整性等级为“好”；32%的江段生物完整性等级为“一般”；44%的江段生物完整性等级为“差”。从生境类型来看，支流生物完整性明显优于水库、库尾回水区。此外，现状数据评价的结果为：2018年红水河IBI值为64分，高于2013年均值62分，生物完整性均处于“一般”等级。     

斑点叉尾鲴的养殖技术

斑点叉尾鲴，又称沟鲇、河鲇，属于硬骨鱼纲鲇形目鲴科。原产于美洲，广泛分布于美洲中部、东部的淡水和咸水中．是从美国引进的名贵淡水经济鱼类品种。该鱼具有肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、无肌间刺、营养丰富（蛋白质含量很高．而且不饱和脂肪酸含量高）、生长快、个体大、抗病力强、适应性强等特点。     

丝鳍海鲇网箱养殖和越冬试验

<正>丝鳍海鲇(Arius arius)为常见的暖水性近海底层鱼类，隶属于鲇形目，海鲇科，海鲇属。分布于我国黄海南部、东海和南海，是我国沿海捕捞经济鱼类品种之一。丝鳍海鲇生活在水流缓慢的泥质海底，每年的生殖季节，结成大群，由深水游向沿岸和河口浅水区表层，产卵繁殖^[1]。在浙南温州，丝鳍海鲇俗称王鱼，王鱼烧粉干为当地有名的特色菜。     

东海带鱼Trichiurus haumela(Forskal)个体生殖力的研究

鱼类生殖力的研究是分析种群数量变动的重要环节之一,特别是与补充群体的联系最为密切。此外,生殖力指标及其变动规律也是探讨鱼类种群特征的重要资料。 带鱼是我国最主要的海产经济鱼类之一,近年来产量一直居于首位。但对其个体生殖力的研究还很少,仅在某些综合性的研究报告中有些零星记载,以此作为探索带鱼种群数量变动规律的生物学基础资料是不够的。本文就东海近海所采集的部分带鱼卵巢标本,对它的个体生殖力的变动规律及特点等进行了初步分析和讨论,希望得到批评、指正。     

东海带鱼Trichiurus haumela(Forsk(?)l)个体生殖力的研究

鱼类生殖力的研究是分析种群数量变动的重要环节之一,特别是与补充群体的联系最为密切。此外,生殖力指标及其变动规律也是探讨鱼类种群特征的重要资料。 带鱼是我国最主要的海产经济鱼类之一,近年来产量一直居于首位。但对其个体生殖力的研究还很少,仅在某些综合性的研究报告中有些零星记载,以此作为探索带鱼种群数量变动规律的生物学基础资料是不够的。本文就东海近海所采集的部分带鱼卵巢标本,对它的个体生殖力的变动规律及特点等进行了初步分析和讨论,希望得到批评、指正。     

南方鲇的饲料营养

南方鲇（Silurus metidionalis Chen）原名南方大口鲇，俗称河鲇、大口鲇等，隶属于鲇形目，鲇科，鲇属。该鲇广泛分布于我国长江及其以南的江河，是一种肉食性的大型名贵经济鱼类。南方鲇的含肉率高达61．07％，     

东海宽体舌鳎的个体生殖力

对宽体舌鳎的个体生殖力的分布特征、变化规律及其与各体征指标的关系进行了研究，结果表明个体绝对生殖力r、相对生殖力r/L、r/W均服从正态分布；个体生殖力r、r/L与全长、体高等各度量指标均呈幂函数关系，与体重、纯重等各称量指标均呈线性相关，而r/W除了与表明性腺成熟程度的指标（性腺重、成熟系数）线性相关外，与其它各体征指标均不相关；由典型相关分析得到r主要与鱼体的大小有关，而r/L则主要与鱼的体型有关；4龄前个体生殖力r、r/L都随着鱼的年龄的增长而增加，而r/W则不随鱼的年龄而变化。     

Recruitment strategy of swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan

The recruitment strategy of swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated by field observations and numerical experiments in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan. Calculated dispersal patterns of zoeal and megalopal stages in a three-dimensional numerical model reproduce observed patterns accurately. The temporal change of vertical migration patterns between the 1st and 2nd zoeas and the 3rd and 4th zoeas plays an important role in the process of recruitment of P. trituberculatus from spawning ground to nursery ground.     

Prevalence of nematode parasite,Contracaecum, in Nile tilapia,African catfish and Barbus species in Lake Hawassa,Ethiopia

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018 at Lake Hawassa to determine the prevalence of larval Contracaecum infestation in Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus), African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Barbus species (Barbus intermedius). Fifty‐two point six per cent (52.6%) previous prevalence and 5% precision were used to estimate the sample size. Accordingly, a total of 383 randomly sampled fish species comprising of 163 (42.6%) C. gariepinus, 159 (41.5%) O. niloticus and 61(15.9%) B. intermedius were examined. The length and weight of each sampled fish were recorded. All the sampled fish were examined for the evidence of Contracaecum parasites in Hawassa University Veterinary Parasitology and Pathology Laboratory. Chi‐square values and comparison of proportions were used to analyse the data. The overall prevalence of Contracaecum parasites of fish population was 31.6%. The distribution of parasite was significantly affected by fish species (p = .000), sexes (p = .018), length (p = .003) and weight classes of fish (p = .026). As a hygienic problem and gutting activity conducted at the sides of the Lake Hawassa and distribution of discarded fish wastes for surrounding piscivorous birds by butchers and other people, the life cycle of Contracaecum parasite was perpetuated. Thus, the parasite is of zoonotic significance. Therefore, awareness creation activities for societies and control of fish parasites should be conducted in the study area.     

Low allozyme variation in snapper, Pagrus auratus, in Victoria, Australia

The population genetic structure of snapper, Pagrus auratus (Bloch and Schneider), in Victoria was investigated using six polymorphic allozyme loci. Fish were sampled from four sites in Victoria and single locations in South Australia, Western Australia and New Zealand. Although there were distinct genetic differences between the snapper populations from each of the Australian states and New Zealand, only minor and largely insignificant differences were detected among Victorian populations. The results are consistent with previous genetic and tagging studies that indicate no mixing between snapper stocks in Victoria and Spencer Gulf in South Australia. This justifies separate management of the snapper fisheries in these regions. The low levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity in Victorian snapper suggest an isolation by distance model of population structure rather than one of discrete subpopulations.     

Advance in the Culture Research of Small-Eye Flounder,Paralichthys microps,and Chilean Flounder,P. adspersus,in Chile

ABSTRACT

Over 71% of the aquaculture production of Chile is based on salmonids, and given the recents problems in the world salmon industry, it is necessary to investigate the culture of new species as a vital priority to maintain an industry of great social and economic impact for Chile. Small-eye flounder, Paralichthys microps, and chilean flounder P. adspersus, are native, high-value flatfish present off the coasts of Perú and Chile, that are commonly exploted by artisanal fishermen. Since 1986 both species have been objects of research studies for culture based on techniques developed for Japanese flounder. This paper is a review of current knowledge of this species and to identify research needs for the near future. Natural spawning of small-eye flounder and chilean flounder broodstock in captivity is already possible, but the manipulation of spawning using photoperiod and hormonal inducement, as well as the role of broodstock nutrition in egg and larval quality, needs to be explored. Successful incubation and larval culture protocol for both species have been developed, with larval survival over 24% from certain egg batches. Nutritional characterization and requirements for chilean flounder eggs and larvae during the culture period, optimal temperature, density, light intensity and green-water culture, are all subjects of ongoing research. Efforts to improve early culture protocol continues with emphasis on causes of larval mortality, early use of dry feed, microbial ecology of culture tanks and water quality. Weaning from live to formulated diets has been investigated, demonstrating survival of 30-50%. Presently only about 1-5% of hatchery raised flounder show a pigment disorder. Research on formulated diets and the weaning process are under way to ameliorate these results. Juveniles are being grown experimental in tanks and net pens systems and their performance (growth, survival, health) in both systems is being evaluated. Chilean flounder require approximately 2.8 years to reach 1 kg. Effort is also focusing on improving juvenile growing protocol, including recirculation systems, culture environment and diet formulation. Much future research will be required to attain optimal production of the species, such as species-specific nutritional requirements, optimum stocking density, disease and health management and growing protocols with new systems (shallow raceway). At present there is enough known about chilean flounder to begin a pilot-stage that will be the key for future development of its culture.     

Stocking of sea trout, Salmo trutta, in Lake Veere, south-west Netherlands

Lake Veere (1750–2050 ha), a brackish water lake in south‐west Netherlands, is a former branch of the Oosterschelde. The lake was closed off by the construction of two dams in 1961. Since the early 1970s Lake Veere has been regularly stocked for recreational and commercial fisheries with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and glass eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.). Between May and September 1996 an experimental stocking of 18 054 trout of sea trout parentage (15–16 cm; 776 kg) was carried out to study their potential for recreational fisheries. The growth and mortality of the stocked trout were estimated from recaptures in eel fyke nets. The production and consumption of the stocked trout were estimated with a bioenergetics model. After 3.5 years (May 1996–November 1999) the stocked trout measured between 50 and 70 cm. The estimated annual total mortality was 84%. During the winter of 1996–1997, the biomass of the stocked trout reached a maximum of about 1800 kg. By November 1999 the biomass was estimated to be 100 kg. The maximum daily consumption by the trout population was 60 g ha^?1 in October 1996 and in June 1997. The total consumption of the stocked trout population over the 3.5‐year period was estimated as 54 244 kg. The analysis suggested that the stocked trout used about 0.2% of the average annual primary production of the lake system. Although the growth and initial production of the population are attractive from the perspective of a recreational fishery, the high mortality and infestation with the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), are serious drawbacks for a future stocking programme with trout in Lake Veere.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

青岛胶州湾铠平鲉年龄、生长和种群繁殖力

针对2013年和2014年采自青岛胶州湾的209尾铠平鲉(Sebastes hubbsi)样本开展了年龄、生长和种群繁殖力研究。耳石轮纹结构的年龄鉴定结果显示,铠平鲉的年龄分布范围为1~+~7~+龄,2~+~4~+龄为优势年龄组(77.5%)。体长与体重呈幂函数关系:W=8×10~(-5) L~(2.797)(R~2=0.861)。Von Bertalanffy体长生长方程为L_t=131.4×[1-e~(-0.269(t+2.697))],体重生长方程为W_t=63.6×[1-~(e-0.269(t+2.697))]~(2.797)。其生长过程可分为3个阶段:(1)1~+~3~+龄为快速生长期;(2)3~+~6~+龄为成熟稳定期;(3)6~+龄以后为高龄衰老期。所采样本的性比(2.12︰1)明显偏离1︰1(P0.05),雌性个体样本数在各体长段均高于雄性个体。性腺指数(GSI)和肝脏指数(HSI)变化趋势相反,肝脏可能为其性腺发育提供物质基础和能量来源。绝对怀卵量波动于482~6166粒,平均值为3266粒;相对体长怀卵量显著低于卵生鱼类,表明卵胎生鱼类体内胚胎发育、孵化的护卵方式可能使其以较少的怀卵量即可维持种的延续。结合拐点年龄对应的拐点体重及50%性成熟体长,建议以体长80 mm、体重20 g作为铠平鲉的开捕标准,以维护青岛胶州湾铠平鲉资源的可持续利用。     

中国综合水产养殖的发展历史、原理和分类

综合水产养殖是水产养殖的重要类型,它既包括同一水体内水生生物的混养,也包括水产养殖与同一水体或邻近区域进行的其他生产活动的结合。中国的稻田养鱼始于1 800年前,大规模的海水综合养殖始于公元1975年。目前中国开展的综合养殖模式有近百种,其依据的生态学原理主要有3个:通过养殖生物间的营养关系实现养殖废物的资源化利用;利用技术措施、养殖种类、养殖系统间功能互补或偏利作用平衡水质;养殖水体资源(时间、空间和饵料等)的充分利用。综合养殖系统可分为技术措施综合、养殖种类综合和系统综合三大类,其中系统综合类又可再分为水基系统综合和水基与陆基系统综合两个亚类。     

碧流河水库陆封型香鱼生物学特性的演变

1982年碧流河水库建成后，被陆封在水库中的香鱼（Plecoglossus altivelis)经10余年适应后，其生物学特性发生了很大变化，其中一部分个体春季水温上升后暂不进入河道，而留在水库中生活，至7月份才进入河道，与刚陆封时不同，在其植物食性阶段，消化道内有大量浮游植物出现，繁殖期也由9－10月提前到8－9月，性腺发育速度明显加快，个体进一步变小。