远洋捕捞渔船电子监控视频文字信息提取

计算机图像处理技术发展迅速,基于OCR(Optical Character Recognition)的图像文字提取得到广泛应用。在远洋渔业捕捞中,EMS(Electronic Monitoring System)逐渐开始使用,视频中文字信息提取是系统的重要功能之一。通过左右舷、前甲板、后甲板安装的4个摄像头,获取渔船作业的视频影像,再利用jTessBoxEditor软件生成图片样本,人工添加文字标签,然后通过tesseract软件训练标注的样本,制作traineddata字库,最后用Python编程提取远洋捕捞渔船监控视频中的时间、位置、航速、航向等信息,提取的960条记录,经与原图片对比全部正确,提取的文字信息可为视频存档和渔业管理提供参考。     

G IS及卫星通讯技术在船位监测中的应用

本文介绍利用地理信息系统技术、卫星通信技术以及计算机网络技术实现渔业船舶船位监控系统的过程。通过信息处理技术包括数据库技术实现渔业船舶船位信息、基本情况数据、指挥监控功能等集中在同一计算机处理平台,构成渔业船舶指挥调度系统。通过船位信息调度、信息查询、通信指挥等功能达到系统在灾难救助、海域资源管理以及其它相关政府职能中应用的目的。     

European hake fishery bioeconomic management (southern stock) applying an effort tax

A bioeconomic model is developed to illustrate the way in which a tax on effort applied to a multi-fleet fishery can obtain socially optimum operating results. The analysis is applied to the European southern hake stock. We demonstrate how including heterogeneous fishermen, working simultaneously in the fishery, will lead to different equilibrium levels for the tax to be applied to each of them. Using information from the fishery which is the object of the study, the most relevant results and estimations of hake biomass, catches and effort are shown. Lastly, we make some recommendations on economic policy for this fishery.     

Analysing extensive fish culture systems by transparent population modelling: bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845), culture in a Chinese reservoir

A transparent population modelling approach is used to analyse a large-scale extensive fish culture system, the bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845), fishery in a Chinese reservoir. The population model incorporates explicit submodels for density-dependent growth and size-dependent mortality, and allows the assessment of stocking density, seed fish size, fishing mortality (fishing effort), and gear selectivity. The process of model building and parameter estimation from stocking and catch data is described in detail. The full analysis is carried out in computer spreadsheets where all model components are visible and can easily be modified to take account of specific conditions, or to explore different assumptions. The practical use of the model in management decision making is discussed, together with data requirements and the possible need for experimental management.     

福建省县域渔业经济综合实力评价

根据2003、2004年福建省渔业统计资料,选择适当的指标采用因子分析法对福建省县域渔业经济进行定量的分析。结果表明可将影响县域渔业经济实力的21项指标归纳为6个公共影响因子,然后计算出各因子的得分和综合得分,以此为依据对各地区的渔业经济实力进行排序,分析了它们的差异、存在的优缺点,为渔业生产和管理部门在制定渔业发展规划和决策时提供理论参考。     

Changing usage and value in the Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program

An important element in the U.S. management of fisheries in the North Pacific is the existence of Community Development Quotas (CDQs) which grant community corporations the right to fish in many fisheries off the coast of Alaska. The eastern Bering Sea pollock fishery is the largest of these fisheries, with 10 % of the quota allocated to CDQs. The CDQ program evolved from a partial catch share program that existed from 1992 to 1999 within a limited-entry fishery to a full catch share program with separate spatial rights. In this paper I examine the temporal and spatial uses of CDQ rights and how these uses have changed since the implementation of catch shares throughout the fishery. I also discuss the dispersion of CDQ royalties since the program’s inception and examine the prices of CDQ fishing rights from 1992 to 2005 when data on quota value were reported to the government. I compare quota prices to information about walleye pollock fishing and examine the evolving use of CDQ rights. The use of the CDQ right has changed from extending the season to enabling fishing in otherwise closed areas during the season. The number of vessels fishing with CDQ rights has declined substantially, with all pollock CDQ fishing now done by at-sea processors.     

中国渔政管理指挥系统建设潜在的问题研究

结合中国渔政管理指挥系统建设的实践,介绍国内外信息化建设及渔政管理系统建设的基本情况,对我国渔业信息系统建设过程中可能存在的问题以及解决办法进行深入研究。通过分析提出了存在问题的解决方法及建议,并将该研究结果应用于中国渔政管理指挥系统建设。     

面向海洋渔业可持续发展的海洋渔业服务模型库系统

海洋渔业服务模型库系统对海洋渔业领域的模型进行分类和维护，支持模型的生成、存储、查询、运行和分析应用，完成海渔况速预报、渔业资源量的评估与预报以及渔政管理等功能。作为国家８６３高技术研究发展计划的技术与示范试验８１８－０７海洋渔业遥感信息服务系统专题成果的一部分，本文对模型库系统的概念、组成与基本功能进行了比较系统的论述，提出了海洋渔业服务模型库系统的总体框架和软件实现，探讨了系统在海洋渔业生产和管理中的应用。     

Population dynamics and movements of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Maldivian fishery: analysis of tagging data from an advection-diffusion-reaction model

An advection diffusion reaction model was used to estimate movement and tag attrition parameters from skipjack tuna tagging data off the Maldives. Two sets of data were available from the experiments carried out during two distinct periods: 1990–1991 and 1993–1995. The results of the analysis were compared with the previous analyses and discussed in relation to management of skipjack fisheries in the Maldives and in the Indian Ocean. The movements were found to be highly variable in space and time, and few consistent patterns were observed between the two data sets. Similarly, significantly different estimates of fishing and natural mortality rates were observed from the two data sets. These differences were found, in part, to be due to the uneven distribution of tag releases in both space and time. Estimates of movement and attrition rates show that emigration from the Maldivian fishery to the rest of the Indian Ocean’s was small. The exploitation rate was found to be substantial, contributing about 30-40% of the total attrition in the fishery area. Such levels of localized exploitation may be maintained by steady immigration from outside of the Maldives, but more extensive tagging is required to be certain. The impact of tuna fisheries elsewhere in the Indian Ocean on the domestic Maldivian fishery cannot be determined until a comprehensive large-scale tagging program, including all the fisheries in the Indian Ocean, is completed.     

Panel data analyses to examine effects of subsidies to fishery productions in OECD countries

An econometric analysis, known as a panel data analysis, was conducted to understand the nature and the magnitude of the effect caused by subsidies to fishery productions. Published data on government financial transfers for OECD member countries from 1996 to 2002 were used for this purpose. The result of the panel data analysis indicated that certain financial transfers have brought small but positive influences to economic indicators on fisheries of aggregated OECD countries, while either no or negative effects were recognized in other financial transfers. Different magnitudes of influences were observed according to the types of the transfers. Also, there are cases where two types of financial transfers provide offsetting effects to a single economic indicator. Specifically, the total volume of fishery production for OECD countries is positively influenced by government direct payment programs, but negatively affected by the amount of general services provided by the governments. This study can be regarded as a useful first attempt to examine the empirical link between productions and subsidies of the fishery sectors.     

Impact of the timing of stocking on growth and allometric index in aquaculture-based fisheries

The impact of tilapia stocking on fisheries production in Lake Metztitlán was determined through progression analysis of modes obtained from (Gaussian) kernel density estimators (KDEs) of size frequency distributions of juvenile tilapia stocked after a period of total desiccation. The relationship between the allometric index of four cohorts and water temperature and variation in the volume of the basin was analysed. The use of KDEs was found to be a useful technique for the recognition and progression analysis of modes. The reasons for the low yields from the tilapia fishery of Lake Metztitlán are poor growth rate, low water temperature, which is manifest in low allometric indices, and the use of small mesh size nets. Yields can be sustained by improving fishery management; otherwise it is necessary to continue stocking.     

日本鹿儿岛湾真鲷的资源评估和增殖策略

通过世代分析对1990年至2002年鹿儿岛湾真鲷（Pagrus major）自然种群和放流种群的种群大小进行了评估,评估模型考虑了渔业资源管理和增殖放流措施。结果表明放流种群的规模有所减少,而自然种群的规模维持不变。真鲷自然种群的捕获量日趋减少,而放流种群的捕获量已超过50吨。研究结果表明增殖700000—800000尾真鲷种苗与其50吨的捕捞量相协调。在各种捕获量和放流量情况下,采用种群动力学模型预测了2017年真鲷的捕获量,其结果表明提高放流真鲷的数量能增加其捕获量。     

中日渔业法律法规及管理对比分析

中日两国同处西北太平洋，拥有大面积共同作业海域，渔业资源和捕捞海域有相近之处，但两国国情和社会制度不同，造成两国渔业法律、法规及管理存在差异。日本渔业法以实现渔业民主化为目标，法律中关于违法行为的处罚规定明确，且有民间渔业组织协助管理；而中国则以适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要为目标，对渔业行为的规定不够完善，且缺少渔民参与。通过对比中日渔业法律、法规及管理，寻找可借鉴之处，为完善我国渔业管理奠定基础。     

Development of performance indices for the Newfoundland and Labrador snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery using data from a vessel monitoring system

This study investigates the potential for using data from a vessel monitoring system (VMS) to create indices of commercial fishery performance that may be used in monitoring snow crab resource status. Fishing hours were screened from hourly positional signals to create an index of fishing effort (hours fished) for comparison with that derived from logbooks (number of trap hauls). Similarly, a VMS-based fishing catch per unit of effort (CPUE) index was developed for comparison with CPUE derived from logbooks. Analysis of these indices showed that VMS-based fishing effort and CPUE indices can be interpreted to provide reliable complementary or alternative indices to logbooks for assessment of fishery performance in the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery. We also developed a VMS-based index of fishing efficiency and illustrate how it can be applied toward understanding various behaviors and anomalies in the fishery. VMS data may offer other potential applications for snow crab assessment and management. Our approach and methods are applicable to other commercial fishery resources worldwide that are monitored using vessel monitoring systems.     

国外生计渔业概念辨析

生计渔业是国外渔业分类的一种基本类型,近些年我国渔业管理研究领域也在探讨生计渔业管理问题。为厘清生计渔业的概念,本文对美国等国家以及FAO等国际组织有关生计渔业的概念界定进行了辨析,得到以下基本结论:(1)生计渔业在不同国家的界定不同,但传统作业习惯是各国界定生计渔业的共同基础;(2)渔获物主要用于个人或家庭消费是将生计渔业区别于商业渔业的主要内涵依据,但如何确定个人或家庭消费的范围存在差异性,且在管理上需要复杂、缜密和庞大的监测系统;(3)有诸多内涵性指标和外部表征可以用来界定生计渔业。但考虑到管理上的适用性,没有哪一种依据可以唯一性地明确、严格地将生计渔业区别于商业渔业,要界定生计渔业需要将多种依据综合起来考虑。     

渔业资源的产权分析

渔业资源具有枯竭性、联系性和不可排他性,必然产生“公地悲剧”问题。文章对渔业资源进行了产权分析,讨论了渔业资源为什么不是私有而是国有,政府对渔业捕捞应采取哪些管理制度。在中国渔业资源所有制的基础上,文章认为个人可转让配额制度可能是一种值得借鉴的做法。     

加强我国海洋渔业资源管理的思考

目前我国近海捕捞能力大大超过了渔业资源的再生能力,海洋渔业资源面临枯竭的严峻形势。加强渔业资源管理,保持海洋渔业资源的再生能力,实现可持续发展已经刻不容缓。在对我国海洋渔业资源管理现状深入分析的基础上,从改善和健全管理体制、建立健全法规体系、加强管理执法能力建设、完善各项管理措施等方面提出了一些具体建议。     

水产科技信息查询系统的研制

“不产科技信息查询系统”以“金信桥全文检索管理软件”作为开发平台，根据水产科技信息资源及现有数据库的特点，对不同类型的数据按一定要求和规范进行标引和分类处理，同时进行各类数据库的结构设计，把各类数据转入相关的数据库中，建立可利用Internet浏览器进行和检索的综合性国内外水产科技信息查询系统。该系统的主要数据内容有：中国水产文摘数据库、国外水产文献数据库、水产科技成果数据库、水产专科数据库、渔用药物数据库、渔业政策法规数据库、水产机构名录数据库、馆藏图书书目数据库、病害防治技术咨询库、中国渔业概况、中国不产发展战略、水水养殖实用技术库等。     

气候变化事件对头足类繁殖、年龄生长与早期生活史的影响研究进展

头足类是重要的渔业资源之一,其渔业生物学特性极易受到海洋环境变化的影响。气候中的能量主要储存载体是海洋,近年来频发的气候变化事件引发海洋环境因子变动,直接或间接地改变了头足类的渔业生物学特性,对头足类的渔业生产造成影响。为此,本文归纳和总结了气候变化对头足类繁殖、年龄生长与早期生活史三个方面的影响,并提出了展望。结果表明,气候变化事件的发生极易影响头足类动物的渔业生物学特性,海洋环境因子中的温度和初级生产力变动为主要影响因素。目前,相关研究对象多为柔鱼类和枪乌贼类等经济种,选用的海洋环境因子也多为海洋环境温度,今后应结合其它海洋环境数据研究气候变化事件对其它种类的影响。本文旨为研究气候变化事件对头足类渔业生物学特性的影响提供理论依据,为近年来气候变化事件频发下头足类渔业的可持续发展提供科学指导。     

浙江沿海水域温、盐度的年际变化和渔况变动的关系

本文使用 1960—1989 年期间浙江沿海各海洋站的海表温度、盐度、海洋水文断面观测以及长江径流量资料,据相关和谱分析方法分析了浙江沿海水域温、盐度和长江径流量的年际变化,其相互之间以及与渔况的关系。指出浙江沿海水域温、盐度、长江径流量和渔况均明显存在2.5年的周期变化。在2.5 年变化周期上,这些要素变化关系密切,部分地与El Nino/La Nina 事件相联系。每当浙江沿海水域海表温、盐度和长江径流量发生持续的异常,渔况必发生变化。可据温、盐度、长江径流量的长周期变化预测渔况的长周期变化。