The effectiveness of the paramunity inducer Baypamun (PIND-ORF) for the prevention and metaphylaxis of an experimental infection with the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle

Efficacy of the paramunity inducer Baypamun (PIND-ORF) was evaluated by an IBR challenge trial in cattle, as one model for infectious diseases in bovine. Prophylactic treatment with Baypamun protected cattle against manifestation of clinical symptoms after experimental IBR infection. The degree of protection depended on the time between paramunization and challenge infection. Even in metaphylactically paramunized cattle Baypamun reduced the IBR symptoms. In correlation to the reduction of clinical symptoms paramunization also reduced virus excretion by more than 99% in treated cattle compared to non paramunized animals. The induction of interferon following IBR infection was investigated in paramunized cattle. Application of Baypamun enabled treated animals to react faster with interferon synthesis following IBR infection than control animals did. The demonstration of the status of paramunity following Baypamun application in cattle provides a concept in the prevention of infectious disease in the practice.     

Paramunization of FeLV-positive cats with PIND-AVI]

84 FeLV-positive cats were continually treated with the paramunity inducer (immunomodulator) PIND-AVI (23 healthy cats once a week, 61 diseased cats up to 3 times a week), the frequency depending on their general condition. The ELISA control tests were repeated after 4 to 6 weeks. Paramunization was continued in cats still viremic until remission of viremia. 21 healthy cats already reacted negatively to the first control ELISA, the 2 others after 8 weeks of paramunization. Within an observation time of 18 to 30 months there were no relapses. 49 of the 61 diseased cats (80.3%) reacted negatively to the first control. 5 cats (8.2%) had died at the beginning of the treatment. 5 cats (8.2%) showed a remission of viremic after being paramunized continually for 7 to 20 weeks. 2 cats (3.3%) remained viremic throughout the observation time (more than 2 years). None of the animals had a relapse. Neither had any of 9 chronically diseased cats, known to have been viremic for 3 to 12 months at the beginning of paramunization. The importance of the results of these paramunization tests for the treatment of various retrovirus infections of human beings and animals is briefly discussed.     

Experiences in the paraimmunization of cats in veterinary practice

The inducer PIND-AVI was used prophylactically and therapeutically to test the effects of paramunization in a SPF cat colony and in various small animal practices. Prophylactic paramunization significantly improved the breeding results in the SPF cat colony. Mortality declined from 44.6% to 3.4%. The corresponding placebo groups were also tested thereby demonstrating the significance of the results. In comparison, the treatment of acutely diseased cats (all of the same litter or the same colony) showed that paramunization can also be used as an additional measure to the conventional therapy of infectious diseases with different etiology. Furthermore, it is possible that this measure alone can limit the incidence of disease providing the dosage is high enough and treatment is long enough (at least 3-5 days). The course of disease is thereafter mild and complications can be hindered. Chronic and recurrent infections (e.g., dermatitis and gingivitis) can be controlled with repeated paramunization. Prophylactic paramunization decreases the danger of an acute infection and provides for the newborn's fast adaptation to a contaminated environment. It also reduces the consequences of an exogenous and endogenous immune suppression.     

Proliferating ability of the lymphocytes of demodectic dogs during immune cell-stimulating therapy

8 dogs with clinical manifest generalized demodicosis were treated with muramyldipeptide and the multipotent inducer PIND-ORF. Before treatment as well as 10 and 20 days after the beginning of therapy the lymphocyte stimulation indices of these animals were investigated and compared with the values of untreated healthy dogs. In these investigations it was determined that a PIND-ORF and muramyldipeptide therapy has the effect of rising the lymphocyte response to mitogen without, however, reaching the comparative values of healthy dogs.     

Experiences with paramunization in birds

The experience with paramunisation in birds is described. The results are gained from laboratory tests, and well controlled tests in practice. The paramunity inducer PIND-ORF (Prof. A. Mayr) was used as a therapeutic and prophylactic measure.     

The present epidemiological status of African swine fever

At present, African swine fever (ASF) persists as an enzootic infection both on the African continent and in Europe (Portugal, Spain, and Sardinia). The recent outbreaks of ASF in Belgium and in the Netherlands have again demonstrated the threat of this disease to the swine population in Germany. The main reasons for this threat are the great tenacity of this virus and its stability in meat and meat products together with an immense tourism into these enzootic areas. Epizootiological peculiarities, such as virus replication in ticks and inapparent infections in wild boars are the reason why eradication of the disease has failed so far, especially when pigs are allowed to roam the countryside.     

生物发酵床在养猪业生产中的应用分析

生物发酵床养殖是一种无污染、无排放、无臭气的新型环保生态养猪技术,近年来得到迅速推广。本文就目前应用于猪业生产中生物发酵床的技术特点、种类、对养猪业生产的影响及其在推广使用中应该注意的问题等作一综述,旨在为生物发酵床在猪业生产中的应用提供依据。     

膨化大豆代替鱼粉对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选取体重接近的28日龄断奶的DLY(杜×长×大)仔猪48头,随机分为6组,每组8头。6个试验组日粮中的粗蛋白水平相同。用膨化大豆在平衡第一、二限制性氨基酸的基础上逐渐替换断奶仔猪日粮中的鱼粉。试验结果表明:试验1、2、3组之间差异未达到显著水平(P﹥0.05);试验2、3、4、5、6组之间差异未达到显著水平(P﹥0.05);试验1组分别与4、5、6组之间均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。但由于鱼粉的价格居高不下,饲料成本较高。经计算得出试验6组每千克体增重消耗饲料费用最低,比试验1组减少了0.26元。其次为实验5组,比实验1组减少了0.19元。试验结果表明膨化大豆在早期断奶仔猪日粮中完全可以取代全部的鱼粉。     

一个规模化猪场PCV-2暴发的诊治报告

报道规模化猪场爆发PCV-2的病例。重庆忠县某猪场有经产母猪88头,断奶仔猪182头。2007年以来,坚持自繁自养,猪场稳定,猪只健康,全场发病率(包括仔猪)小于3%,死亡率低于1%。2009年4月,该场开展对外免费授精服务,9月3日种公猪发病,1周后断奶猪发病,病死猪血清和淋巴结中PCR检测PCV-2阳性。病死猪脾脏和淋巴结为病料制成灭活苗,全场紧急接种,并配合药物治疗,至10月底病势得以控制,统计本次发病,断奶猪发病86头,发病率为47.3%,死46头,死亡率为25.3%,种公猪发病后治愈。     

试验性抗菌药对仔猪水肿病治疗效果

保定市某猪场暴发疫病,经病理剖检、病原分离、生化试验、毒力试验等诊断方法获知此次疫情为致病性埃希氏大肠杆菌引起的猪水肿病。药敏实验表明,细菌分离物对青霉素、链霉素等常用抗生素有耐药性,对氟苯尼考、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等药物极敏。感染猪选用氟苯尼考治疗后康复。     

The pathogenesis of epiphysiolysis in swine

In the offspring of a sow suffering from epiphyseolysis a unilateral and bilateral epiphyseolysis occurred associated with high energy food and also partly due to low mineral food in 4 out of 7 piglets. A further animal showed apophyseolysis. Compared to the normal piglets there was no difference observed concerning the parameter of the bone metabolism (Ca, P, alk. phosphatase) and the size of angles between shaft and neck of the femur. Serial X-ray examinations revealed osteolytic changes in the cortex of the femur neck, starting before epiphyseolysis was evident and which could be proved to be in the macerated bones of the affected piglets. The etiology of these pre-epiphyseolytic changes as a segue of vascularisation disorders in the bone and its significance for the pathogenesis of epiphyseolysis are discussed.     

小肽制品对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫机能的影响及机理研究

本研究以杜大长早期断奶仔猪为对象,分2次试验探讨了小肽制品对早期断奶仔猪的添加效果。试验1设计4个小肽制品的添加水平(0‰、2‰、4‰、6‰),探讨其对仔猪生长性能的影响,以此选择最佳添加量。试验2以试验1选出的最佳水平为添加量,研究小肽制品对仔猪生长性能和部分血液生理生化指标的影响,进一步探讨小肽作用的某些机理。试验1结果:添加2‰小肽制品的试验仔猪与对照组相比,日采食量和日增重分别提高了15.5%和17.3%(P<0.05);而随着添加量的增加,试验仔猪的生长性能呈下降趋势。故确定小肽制品的最佳添加量为2‰。试验2结果:以添加2‰小肽制品的日粮饲喂仔猪,试验仔猪的日采食量和日增重分别增加了15.7%(P<0.01)和18.1%(P<0.01),料重比和腹泻率分别减少了2.1%(P<0.05)和54.8%(P<0.05),这与试验1结果基本一致;血清总蛋白浓度和球蛋白浓度分别增加了45.8%(P<0.01)和19.4%(P<0.05),尿素氮浓度减少了39.6%(P<0.05),白球比降低了33.9%(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶分别增加了28.2%(P<0.05)、26.6%(P<0.05)和39.9%(P<0.01),乳酸脱氢酶活性降低了22.1%(P<0.05)。以上结果显示,小肽制品能显著提高蛋白质的沉积率,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,增强其免疫机能。     

鱼类白介素10的研究进展

白介素10(Interleukin 10, IL-10)是能够参与机体免疫的一种多功能细胞因子,由单核细胞、巨噬细胞等多种免疫细胞分泌,在抗肿瘤、抗感染、免疫性疾病等多种疾病的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。有多种硬骨鱼IL-10被克隆表达,也被证实具有免疫调节作用,目前也有不少关于鱼类IL-10的生物活性、作用机制、调节机制的研究。本文根据已有报道,从鱼类IL-10的基因结构、转录表达、来源与进化、生物学活性及功能、鱼类IL-10受体及信号通路等五个方面进行了综述,为鱼类IL-10的研究与应用提供依据。     

Creatinine clearance as the foundation for clinical determination of kidney function in swine

Comparative examinations of renal function using inulin- and endogenous creatinine-clearance tests in 5 pigs showed nearly identical values of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Based on this relation 79 healthy pigs, weighting 2 kg to 230 kg were investigated using the creatinine-clearance test for determination of normal values of GFR and urine flow rate (Vu) as well as renal excretion (E), renal clearance (Clr) and fractional excretion (FE) of urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, glucose and lactate. The renal excretion of creatinine (E-Creat) was closely correlated with the body weight. Therefore it is possible to use the body weight for estimation of E-Creat and to calculate GFR and Vu using plasma and urine concentrations of creatinine independent of a timed volumetric urine collection. Subsequently E, Clr and FE of electrolytes or other endogenous substances can be evaluated. Finally the practicability of this procedure for detection of disturbed glomerular filtration or tubular reabsorption was demonstrated in piglets suffering from colidiarrhoea and/or transmissible gastroenteritis.     

新建猪场初产仔猪黄痢病的诊治

江都市某新建猪场2窝初产仔猪突然发病,发病率为100%,仔猪生下当天夜里死亡3头,根据对发病仔猪的临床症状和病理变化观察,以及新建猪场仔猪黄痢病高发的特点初步诊断为仔猪黄痢,并对病猪按照黄痢病进行治疗,共治疗14头,治愈10头,取得较好的治疗效果。为了防止和控制该病的再度爆发,对3窝2-3周临产的怀孕小母猪进行预防性治疗,所产仔猪黄痢病未发生,对比结果显示新建猪场初产仔猪黄痢病的控制,预防、消毒与及时治疗是减少仔猪死亡,提高仔猪成活率的关键。     

安普霉素对仔猪养分代谢率及氮沉积的影响

20头28日龄大长北三元杂交断奶仔公猪随机分为4组,分别饲养于不同环境温度(28℃、15℃)下的代谢笼内,饲喂含有不同剂量安普霉素(0、90、150mg/kg)的日粮,试验期为2周,后7d进行全收粪代谢试验,观测安普霉素对仔猪物质表观代谢率及氮沉积的影响。研究结果表明,在低温环境下日粮中添加安普霉素可抵御寒冷应激,改善仔猪日粮干物质和蛋白质的表观代谢率,增加机体氮的沉积,其中150mg/kg安普霉素可显著提高仔猪日增重70.5%(P<0.05)、改善饲料转化率32.7%(P<0.05),并能提高采食量、降低发病死亡率。在低温环境下,应适当加大抗生素的添加剂量。     

白藜芦醇生物学活性及其在水产动物中的应用

白藜芦醇(resveratrol, RES)是一种多酚类防御素, 广泛存在于葡萄、虎杖及蓝莓等多种植物之中。RES 因具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗细菌、免疫调节等生物学活性而被作为新型绿色饲料添加剂应用于水产行业中。本文综述了 RES 的理化性质、生物利用率、生物学活性及其调节机制, 并总结了 RES 在水产养殖中的应用。结果表明, 适宜浓度的 RES 对水产动物的生产性能、免疫健康及脂肪代谢调节均有良好地促进作用; 此外, RES 还可有效防控细菌病原体对水产动物的侵染。但基于目前的研究, RES 发挥生物学功能的相关机制尚未充分清楚, 针对不同水产动物的适宜剂量也缺乏基础性研究, 应尽快开展深入研究以期为进一步促进 RES 在水产动物中的应用提供参考。     

鳗骨罐头的生产工艺技术

本文以烤鳗的下脚料鳗骨为原料,对鳗骨先进行化学方法处理使之软化,再用油炸、离心方法脱去部分脂肪,并用各种中药及调味品熬制的汤料进行浸渍调味,最后经合理的杀菌工艺生产出符合GB14939－94鱼罐头卫生标准的鳗骨罐头。经试产试销,消费者的反应良好,产品放置一年后,其风味仍然没有变化,而且鳗骨中含有丰富的钙（800mg/100g左右）,具有良好的功能效果。     

Spatio-temporal analysis of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 genetic diversity at a local scale

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), the causative agent of koi herpesvirus disease, is a major threat for carp populations in many countries worldwide, including Indonesia. It has been shown that many genotypes circulate worldwide, all highly related to one of the two known lineages U/I and J. In this study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of CyHV-3 strains in a small enzootic area, the lake of Cirata (West Java, Indonesia). Of the 365 samples analysed, from clinical or asymptomatic fish, 244 were found positive for CyHV-3, suggesting a high occurrence of the virus. Genotyping of these viral specimens with a range of molecular markers revealed the presence of numerous haplotypes in the host population, all related to the J lineage. In single individuals, mixed-genotype infections occurred at high frequency. The present results demonstrate that polymorphic molecular markers are suitable to monitor the genetic evolution of a viral population in an enzootic area.     

Effect of an antepartum administration of prednisolone on the early postnatal mortality of piglets in relation to the body condition of the sow

In a single large pig production unit of 6000 breeding sows, 2 groups of 100 sows each were formed at random on the 110th day of pregnancy. Each group was evaluated and divided according to body condition in three subgroups. The groups were treated as follows: Group 1 received a 100 mg single intramuscular dose of prednisolone on the 113th day of pregnancy. Group 2 received a 3 ml single intramuscular dose of physiologic NaCl solution on the 113th day of pregnancy. The parameter "piglets born alive" and the parameter "early postnatal death" were evaluated. The parameter "piglets born alive" shows no significant difference between group 1 and 2. Group 1 showed significantly less early postnatal death compared to group 2. In contrast to other studies, the fat sows of the subgroups 5 in groups 1 and 2 showed no significant difference.