5种壳色长牡蛎不同组织常规营养成分分析与评价

对壳黑、壳紫、壳橙、壳金和壳白5种壳色长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)不同组织包括闭壳肌、外套膜、鳃、性腺-内脏团的营养成分(水分、总蛋白质、总脂肪、糖原、灰分)进行检测分析,比较它们与普通养殖群体营养成分的差异以及5种壳色长牡蛎各组织间营养成分的差异。结果表明,在闭壳肌中,壳紫长牡蛎的总脂肪含量显著高于壳橙长牡蛎(P0.05),其他组分在6个群体中未表现出显著性差异(P0.05);在外套膜中,壳金长牡蛎总脂肪含量显著高于壳黑、壳橙和普通养殖群体(P0.05),壳白长牡蛎的灰分含量显著高于普通养殖群体(P0.05),其他组分在各群体之间未表现出显著性差异(P0.05);在鳃中,长牡蛎壳橙、壳紫、壳白选育群体的糖原含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),其他组分在6个群体之间没有显著性差异(P0.05)。长牡蛎5种壳色选育群体和普通养殖群体的性腺-内脏团在水分、总蛋白质、总脂肪、糖原和灰分中均无显著性差异(P0.05)。4个组织中水分和灰分均以外套膜和鳃中含量最高,闭壳肌中总蛋白质的含量则在4个组织中居首位,总脂肪和糖原含量均以性腺-内脏团中最高。研究结果表明不同壳色长牡蛎之间以及不同壳色与普通对照群体之间在一些重要营养成分上已表现出分化,这为长牡蛎壳色品系选育提供了重要的参考资料。     

虾夷扇贝组织中微量元素的分布特性

研究了虾夷扇贝闭壳肌、外套膜、内脏团、瓣鳃和性腺中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Pb和Cd等元素的分布特性。试验结果表明,内脏团中的Cu显著(P<0.05)高于其他各组织,其他各组织间差异不显著(P>0.05);闭壳肌中Zn的含量显著(P<0.05)高于内脏团、外套膜、瓣鳃和性腺中的含量;Fe含量内脏团和瓣鳃中显著(P<0.05)高于性腺、闭壳肌和外套膜;各组织中Mn的分布特性为瓣鳃>闭壳肌>性腺>内脏团>外套膜;Pb的分布特性为内脏团>闭壳肌>性腺>外套膜>瓣鳃;内脏团中的Cd占全贝总量的67%,显著高于其他组织。因此,约占全贝质量10%的内脏团蓄积了较高含量的Cu、Fe、Pb和Cd,尤其是Cu和Cd(分别约占全贝蓄积总量的71%和67%),食用时去掉内脏团,可保证虾夷扇贝的食用安全和较高的食用及营养价值。     

马氏珠母贝群体不同生长阶段类胡萝卜素含量与基因表达量比较

以金黄壳色选育群体与养殖群体为试验材料,比较4月龄两个群体类胡萝卜素含量的差异;比较8月龄与18月龄两个群体肝胰腺、闭壳肌、外套膜与鳃组织类胡萝卜素含量差异,同时检测两个群体肝胰腺、闭壳肌、外套膜与鳃组织载脂蛋白(PmAPOL3)、清道夫受体B(PmSR-B)与stAR相关脂质转运蛋白-3类似蛋白(PmSTARDL3)基因表达量。试验结果表明,4月龄金黄壳色选育群体类胡萝卜素含量大于养殖群体,但差异不显著(P0.05);8月龄金黄壳色选育群体所有检测组织中类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于对照养殖群体(P0.05);18月龄金黄壳色群体肝胰腺、闭壳肌与鳃的类胡萝卜素含量大于养殖群体(P0.05);8月龄金黄壳色选育群体肝胰腺、闭壳肌、外套膜与鳃PmSR-B、PmAPOL3与PmSTARDL3基因表达量均大于养殖群体肝胰腺、闭壳肌、外套膜与鳃(P0.05);18月龄金黄壳色选育群体肝胰腺与鳃的PmSR-B、PmAPOL3与PmSTARDL3基因表达量显著大于养殖群体的肝胰腺与鳃(P0.05)。研究结果表明,不同生长阶段金黄壳色选育群体类胡萝卜素含量均大于养殖群体,这与选育群体较强的类胡萝卜素代谢有关。     

不同育性三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育过程中的营养成分比较

为阐明不同育性三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育与营养成分变化的关系,实验对不育型和可育型三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育过程中的主要营养成分(糖原、总蛋白质和总脂肪含量)进行分析,并与二倍体长牡蛎进行比较。结果显示,三倍体长牡蛎性腺—内脏团、闭壳肌和外套膜3种组织中的糖原含量均显著高于同时期的二倍体长牡蛎,性腺—内脏团和闭壳肌中的总蛋白质含量则显著低于同时期的二倍体。随着性腺发育,可育型三倍体长牡蛎性腺—内脏团的糖原含量下降了31.88%,二倍体长牡蛎下降82.41%,而不可育型三倍体长牡蛎糖原含量下降了0.55%,这与糖原为配子发生供能密切相关。此外,不育型三倍体长牡蛎性腺—内脏团的糖原、总蛋白质和总脂肪含量在繁殖季节中均没有发现明显的波动,而可育型三倍体长牡蛎由于性腺一定程度的发育,其营养成分含量的变化趋势与二倍体类似。研究表明不育型和可育型三倍体长牡蛎在繁殖季节营养成分存在明显的差异,不育型三倍体的糖原品质性状优于可育型,这为长牡蛎育性控制育种提供了重要参考依据。     

长牡蛎壳金选育群体性腺发育与营养成分的周年变化

为了评估长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)壳金选育群体的繁殖周期及营养价值,自2013年11月至2014年10月,对山东省刘公岛海区长牡蛎第三代壳金选育群体的性腺发育、营养成分(总蛋白、总脂肪、糖原)季节变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究,并比较了与普通养殖群体营养成分的差异。结果表明,长牡蛎壳金选育群体雌雄比例接近1︰1,性腺同步发育;配子发生开始于2月,全年只有1个产卵季节(6―8月),7月为两性配子排放高峰期。配子成熟及排放期间,水温处于较高水平,食物充足,可为性腺发育提供能量,也有利于幼体的存活和生长。卵母细胞直径从配子发生开始逐渐增大,并在产卵前达到最大值(36.88μm),产卵后则降低。营养成分分析表明,脂肪含量在性腺–内脏团中随配子发育积累储存,产卵后显著降低;糖原在性腺发育到4月时开始下降,为配子的发育提供能量;蛋白质在配子发育过程中大量合成,与繁殖活动存在密切联系。长牡蛎壳金选育群体外套膜的总蛋白含量显著高于普通养殖群体(P0.05),糖原和总脂肪含量显著低于普通养殖群体(P0.05),其他组织的一般营养成分未出现显著差异。研究表明,长牡蛎在壳金群体选育过程中营养成分已表现出分化,这为长牡蛎壳色选育提供了重要参考依据。     

长牡蛎"海大3号"生长繁殖与营养成分的周年变化

为阐明长牡蛎"海大3号"新品种的生长与繁殖特性,自2016年11月份至2017年10月份对养殖于山东省荣成海区长牡蛎"海大3号"群体的生长、性腺发育及营养成分的周年变化及其与环境因子的关系进行研究。结果显示,在海区水温较低的冬季1—2月份,长牡蛎"海大3号"生长缓慢,性腺处于休止期;随水温升高,在春季3—4月份配子开始发育,雌雄个体发育基本同步,4—5月份壳高生长速率加快,湿重显著增加;在夏季,随配子发育壳高生长速率降低,7月份因配子排放湿重下降;在产卵后的秋季长牡蛎"海大3号"壳高和湿重均显著增长。营养分析结果表明,随性腺发育,外套膜、性腺-内脏团、鳃和闭壳肌中糖原含量呈下降趋势,为配子发育提供能量;脂质和蛋白质作为配子主要结构物质在性腺中不断累积,随配子排放而显著降低;在秋季,4个组织中较高的蛋白质含量为机体的快速生长提供物质基础。同时外套膜作为构成壳物质的分泌器官,在8—9月份其糖原含量和脂质含量显著增加,这暗示机体的快速生长需要一定能量储备。研究表明,长牡蛎"海大3号"的生长和繁殖活动受海区水温季节性变化的影响,并与各组织营养成分密切相关。春季和秋季为机体快速生长时期,夏季为配子集中排放期;糖原是生长繁殖活动的主要能量来源,脂质是配子主要结构物质,蛋白质是机体产后恢复和快速生长的物质基础。     

长牡蛎MITF基因表达及与壳色的关联

为了解长牡蛎MITF基因的表达及其与壳色的关联,验证了长牡蛎中的4个MITF基因,对长牡蛎MITF氨基酸序列进行了序列分析和多序列比对,分析了长牡蛎幼体发育各时期的转录组,采用荧光定量PCR的方法研究长牡蛎各组织及黑壳、白壳牡蛎特定部位mRNA表达情况。4个MITF基因中有3个基因可能为假基因,有表达的长牡蛎MITF基因共编码448个氨基酸,为亲水性不稳定蛋白,含有N端结构域(MITFTFEBC3N superfamily)和高度保守的功能性结构域HLH结构域。转录组分析发现MITF在长牡蛎个体发育的各个时期均有表达,在稚贝期达到最高。组织表达结果显示MITF在外套膜中的表达水平显著高于其他组织。MITF在黑壳牡蛎闭壳肌中的表达量显著低于白壳牡蛎,而在黑壳牡蛎外套膜中的表达量高于白壳牡蛎,但不显著。在黑壳、白壳牡蛎外套膜边缘的表达量都显著高于内侧。研究表明,长牡蛎MITF基因可能在牡蛎壳形成早期就参与了黑色素的生成调控和个体的生长发育,可调控牡蛎酪氨酸酶Tyr2基因,参与外套膜和贝壳中黑色素的形成。本研究为进一步研究牡蛎壳色形成机制奠定了基础。     

典型贝类对一株拟菱形藻所产多莫酸毒素的蓄积差异性研究

以分离自中国台湾海峡的一株产神经毒素多莫酸(domoic acid,DA)的多列拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia,MC4181)为研究对象,比较研究了中国3种典型经济贝类——栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)和太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)对其所产DA的蓄积能力。结果表明,连续暴露4 d后,3种贝类中DA的蓄积含量、组织分布差异显著。其中,太平洋牡蛎对DA的整体蓄积能力(以软体组织计)显著高于栉孔扇贝和紫贻贝(P0.01),其最高含量为42.40μg/kg。紫贻贝的软体部质量与DA蓄积含量成显著负相关(P0.01),说明小个体贻贝蓄积DA能力要强于大个体,其他两种贝类中并未发现类似结果。虽然3种贝类的内脏团、外套膜、鳃丝、性腺及闭壳肌均具有一定的DA蓄积能力,但内脏团的蓄积能力最高,栉孔扇贝、紫贻贝和太平洋牡蛎内脏团中的DA含量分别为11.12、1.63和26.96μg/kg。本研究揭示了不同贝类对DA蓄积含量的差异性,初步探讨了贻贝蓄积DA含量与其自身大小的相关性,可为进一步开展贝类食用安全风险评估、促进沿海贝类产业的可持续发展和保护消费者健康提供参考依据。[中国渔业质量与标准,2020,10(1):29-35]     

混合暴露条件下菲律宾蛤仔不同组织对几种重金属的富集与释放特征

应用双箱动力学模型模拟了菲律宾蛤仔在Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg和As 7种重金属混合暴露条件下,内脏团、鳃、斧足及基部和外套膜组织对重金属的生物富集与释放实验,并通过非线性拟合得到菲律宾蛤仔各组织对7种重金属的富集速率常数k1、排出速率常数k2、生物富集系数BCF、生物半衰期B1/2、富集平衡时生物体内重金属含量CAmax等动力学参数。结果表明,1)重金属在菲律宾蛤仔不同组织器官中的富集具有选择性,理论平衡状态下,Cu、Cd、As、Pd在各组织的含量分布(CAmax):内脏团斧足及基部鳃外套膜;Cr分布规律(CAmax):内脏团鳃斧足及基部外套膜;Hg分布规律(CAmax):斧足及基部外套膜鳃内脏团;Zn分布规律(CAmax):斧足及基部鳃外套膜内脏团。2)菲律宾蛤仔对不同重金属的富集系数存在显著差异(P0.05),对Cu富集程度最高,其富集系数范围为1514.0-4818.0;其次是Cd和Hg,富集系数范围分别为104.5-975.4,255.9-447.4;As、Cr、Pb、Zn离子在菲律宾蛤仔体内富集程度较低,其富集系数均在300以内。3)菲律宾蛤仔对重金属的释放能力较差,双箱动力学模型可较好地反映混合暴露条件下菲律宾蛤仔对重金属的富集特征,但不适合对其释放特征进行描述。     

原子吸收法测定大嶝海域牡蛎中微量元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对大嶝海域牡蛎鳃和肚腹中微量元素的含量进行测定,同时用加标回收法检验方法的可靠性。研究结果表明,牡蛎含有丰富的微量元素,鳃中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的含量分别为15.35±0.36μg/g、72.86±1.12μg/g、11.39±0.76μg/g、40.07±0.40μg/g;肚腹中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的含量分别为5.37±0.40μg/g、41.93±0.81μg/g、6.74±0.34μg/mg、24.89±0.53μg/mg。牡蛎鳃中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的含量均高于肚腹。用原子吸收方法测定牡蛎中微量元素的效果较好,回收率为89.0%～102.5之间,相对标准偏差在1.4%以下。     

长牡蛎壳金选育群体生长性状的选择效应

长牡蛎是一种世界性的养殖贝类,同时是我国最重要的经济贝类之一,壳色美观和快速生长是目前长牡蛎遗传育种的2个重要目标。2010年通过长牡蛎壳色性状的家系选育,获得了壳白、壳黑、壳金和壳紫4种壳色品系。实验以第二代壳金品系为基础群体,对长牡蛎壳金群体的生长性状进行定向选育,分析了长牡蛎壳金选育群体壳高性状的选择反应、遗传获得和现实遗传力。结果显示,养成阶段选择组的壳高均大于对照组,350日龄后表现出显著的生长优势;幼虫期,壳高性状的平均选择反应、遗传获得和现实遗传力分别为0.549±0.277、3.717%±2.611%和0.339±0.171,养成期分别为0.436±0.138、8.253%±1.014%和0.270±0.086。选择组的贝壳金黄色和外套膜金黄色比例分别提高了22%和10%。研究结果为长牡蛎壳金优良品系培育提供了重要基础资料。     

流沙湾养殖华贵栉孔扇贝体色多态性研究

对雷州半岛西部流沙湾养殖的华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）群体进行了体色多态性研究。结果显示,在调查的10个苗种来源不同、总抽样数量为5 954个个体的养殖群体中,壳色可分为6类,分别是橘黄色（62.31%）、枣褐色（14.51%）、紫白色（12.46%）、橘黄间紫色（6.43%）、紫顶枣褐色（3.46%）和黄顶紫黄色（0.82%）;6类壳色群体的闭壳肌颜色均存在白、黄2色,且白色比例均显著高于黄色,其中黄色闭壳肌比例最高的是橘黄色（18.79%）;华贵栉孔扇贝成熟的生殖腺颜色分为黄、乳白2色,分别代表雌性和雄性,性比与闭壳肌颜色相关。研究表明,华贵栉孔扇贝壳色以橘黄色为主（P〈0.05）,闭壳肌颜色以白色为主（P〈0.05）;壳色与闭壳肌颜色存在一定的相关性,带“黄”壳色个体黄色闭壳肌比例较高（P〈0.05）;黄色闭壳肌群体雌性比例显著高于雄性（P〈0.01）。     

合浦珠母贝不同壳色选育系F6数量性状的相关性和通径分析

为深入了解不同壳色合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)形态性状与体重间的关系,为亲贝的选择提供策略,本研究使用合浦珠母贝传统壳色、金壳色、白壳色、红壳色和黑壳色5种壳色选育系F6各1000只个体的性状数据进行通径分析和聚类分析。测量的性状包括壳长(SL,mm)、壳高(SH,mm)、壳宽(SW,mm)、绞合线长(HL,mm)和体重(BW,g)。结果显示,5种壳色合浦珠母贝所有形态性状与体重间的相关系数均达到极显著(P0.01)。通径分析表明,壳长对传统壳色和白壳色贝体重的直接影响最大,壳高对金壳色和红壳色贝体重的直接影响最大,壳宽对黑壳色贝体重的直接影响最大。利用多元回归方法构建不同壳色合浦珠母贝形态性状与体重(BW,g)间的回归方程,其中传统壳色:BW=-24.999+0.467SL+0.387SH-0.259SW+0.244HL;金壳色:BW=-38.661+0.305SL+0.477SH+0.242SW+0.375HL;白壳色:BW=-4.130+0.332SL+0.300SH-0.307SW+0.088HL;红壳色:BW=-27.307+0.327SL+0.321SH+0.252SW+0.305HL;黑壳色:BW=-40.921+0.278SL+0.335SH+1.076SW+0.269HL。聚类分析显示,传统壳色与金壳色形态特征相近,而白壳色、红壳色和黑壳色形态特征相近。     

SNPs of myostatin (MSTN) gene and their association with growth traits in three bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) populations

Genetic diversity and correlation analysis between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of myostatin (MSTN) gene and the growth traits were performed in Argopecten irradians. Around 279 individuals from three A. irradians populations were screened for the polymorphic sites of the MSTN gene. Two SNPs were found: T910G and G1162A. The observed heterozygosity of the two SNPs ranged from 0.1310 to 0.3299, whereas the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1436 to 0.2973. The values of D′ and r² of linkage disequilibrium (LD) ranged from 0.475 to 1.0 and 0.052 to 0.174 respectively. Association analysis shows that individuals with genotype TT and TG of locus W4 had significantly higher adductor muscle mass than that with genotype GG in population CA (P < 0.05). Individuals with genotype AA of locus W5 had significantly higher body mass, soft‐tissue mass, adductor muscle mass, shell width and shell mass than those of other genotypes in population RZ (P < 0.05). The two SNPs found in our study can be used for molecule marker‐assisted breeding of A. irradians.     

Comparative analysis of total carotenoid content in tissues of purple and white inner-shell color pearl mussel,Hyriopsis cumingii

The freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii is the most important mussel species for freshwater pearl production in China. Mussel shell color is an important indicator of pearl quality. The objective of this study was to assess whether total carotenoid content (TCC) in H. cumingii is related to shell color. TCC of different tissues (gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, axe foot, mantle, and adductor muscle) of purple and white inner-shell H. cumingii was determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that TCC ranged from 12.91 ± 0.78 to 56.30 ± 0.74 μg/g. In general, TCC was higher in the hepatopancreas, followed by the mantle, gonad, gill, kidney, axe foot, and adductor muscle. TCC in gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, and mantle of purple mussels was significantly higher than that of white mussels. TCC in mussel tissues of H. cumingii was significantly different (P < 0.001) with respect to shell color. There were significant positive correlations between TCC in mussel mantle and shell color intensity. Future studies will assess the biological roles of carotenoids in shell color formation.     

三角帆蚌生长性状和内壳色与所产无核珍珠质量的相关性分析

为了研究供片蚌和育珠蚌对无核珍珠质量的影响,以三角帆蚌紫色选育系F₅为材料,在插植无核珍珠前,测量了供片蚌和育珠蚌的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量等生长性状,检测了供片蚌内壳色颜色参数L、a、b、dE。经过18个月育珠,测量了育珠蚌的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量,计算其特定生长率,检测了育珠蚌内壳色颜色参数L、a、b、dE,测量了育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的颜色、大小、圆度、光泽和产珠量。结果发现,供片蚌生长性状与所产无核珍珠大小、圆度和产珠量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。供片蚌内壳色与无核珍珠颜色相关性极显著(r=-0.400~0.376,P<0.01),供片蚌dE值越大所产紫色珍珠比例越高、dE值越小所产白色珍珠比例越高。育珠蚌特定生长率与所产无核珍珠大小、光泽和产珠量相关性极显著(r=0.237~0.516,P<0.01),相关程度为体重> 壳长> 壳宽> 壳高,育珠蚌特定生长率与所产无核珍珠圆度相关性极显著(r=-0.284~-0.256,P<0.01),相关程度为壳长>体质量>壳宽>壳高。育珠蚌内壳色与所产无核珍珠颜色、大小、圆度、光泽和产珠量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。综合各性状相关性分析,改良供片蚌内壳色可以改良珍珠颜色,改良育珠蚌的生长性状可以改良珍珠大小、光泽、圆度和产珠量。     

Use of Microbacterium sp. and Exiguobacterium mexicanum to improve the survival and development of Artemia under xenic conditions

The effect of Microbacterium sp. strain 8L and Exiguobacterium mexicanum strain 8N was evaluated in the diet of Artemia under xenic conditions. Viable cultures of bacteria were provided to xenic cultures of Artemia in combination with Sacharomyces cerevisiae, cornflour or Spirulina, and the effect on the survival and growth was recorded. The use of these bacterial strains improves significantly the survival of Artemia independently of the used food (P < 0.05), and variable results were observed in the growth.     

Polyculture of the Giant Malaysian Prawn and the Golden Shiner in Southwestern Louisiana1

Juvenile prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were stocked at 37,050/ha and golden shiner (Noremigonus crysoleucas) fry at 321,100/ha into 16 earthen ponds at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, Louisiana. Four replicated treatments were tested: fed prawn monoculture, fed shiner monoculture, fed prawn and fed shiner polyculture, and unfed prawn fed shiner polyculture. The study lasted 149 days. There were no significant differences in growth between prawns fed in monoculture and prawns fed in polyculture (P > 0.05). However, fed prawns grew significantly larger (P < 0.05) than unfed prawns. Prawn survival in all treatments combined averaged 63%. Survival was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for fed prawns than for unfed prawns. Prawn yields averaged 533 kg/ha, when all treatments were combined. Yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for prawns grown with shiners and for prawns that received supplemental feed. Growth was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for shiners grown with fed prawns than for shiners grown with unfed prawns. Shiner survival averaged 33% and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in monoculture than in polyculture. Yield for all ponds averaged 392 kg/ha, with no significant differences between treatments (P > 0.05).     

Effects of different substrates on settlement and growth of pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) larvae in hatcheries

Metamorphosis of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima pediveliger is affected by physical and chemical characteristics of the collectors. In the present study, we conducted four experiments to evaluate the effects of collector characteristics on the settlement and growth of hatchery-reared pearl oyster. In the first experiment, black, red, yellow, and white plastic sheets were used as collectors. Settlement of P. maxima larvae in black and red plastic sheets was significantly higher than that in yellow and white plastic sheets (P < 0.05). Mean shell length was not significantly different among the four colored sheets (P > 0.05). In the second experiment, pediveliger larvae were settled onto palm rope and polypropylene rope collectors. The number of spat in the palm rope collector was significantly higher than that of spat in the polypropylene rope collector (P < 0.05). Mean shell length was not significantly different between palm rope and polypropylene rope collectors (P > 0.05). In the third experiment, settlement and subsequent growth were compared between plastic sheets with and without biofilm. The number of spat in the plastic sheets with biofilm was significantly higher than that in the plastic sheets without biofilm (P < 0.05). Mean shell length after settlement were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). In the fourth experiment, pediveliger larvae were stored in tanks with (experimental group) and without collectors (control group). The settlement rate of larvae on the wall was not significantly different between the two groups(P > 0.05). The settlement rates of the larvae on the wall and collectors in the experimental group were significantly larger than those on the wall in the control group(P < 0.05). Mean shell length was not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that appropriate selection of collector types, color, and conditioning can improve the settlement of P. maxima larvae in hatcheries.