5种壳色长牡蛎不同组织常规营养成分分析与评价

对壳黑、壳紫、壳橙、壳金和壳白5种壳色长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)不同组织包括闭壳肌、外套膜、鳃、性腺-内脏团的营养成分(水分、总蛋白质、总脂肪、糖原、灰分)进行检测分析,比较它们与普通养殖群体营养成分的差异以及5种壳色长牡蛎各组织间营养成分的差异。结果表明,在闭壳肌中,壳紫长牡蛎的总脂肪含量显著高于壳橙长牡蛎(P0.05),其他组分在6个群体中未表现出显著性差异(P0.05);在外套膜中,壳金长牡蛎总脂肪含量显著高于壳黑、壳橙和普通养殖群体(P0.05),壳白长牡蛎的灰分含量显著高于普通养殖群体(P0.05),其他组分在各群体之间未表现出显著性差异(P0.05);在鳃中,长牡蛎壳橙、壳紫、壳白选育群体的糖原含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),其他组分在6个群体之间没有显著性差异(P0.05)。长牡蛎5种壳色选育群体和普通养殖群体的性腺-内脏团在水分、总蛋白质、总脂肪、糖原和灰分中均无显著性差异(P0.05)。4个组织中水分和灰分均以外套膜和鳃中含量最高,闭壳肌中总蛋白质的含量则在4个组织中居首位,总脂肪和糖原含量均以性腺-内脏团中最高。研究结果表明不同壳色长牡蛎之间以及不同壳色与普通对照群体之间在一些重要营养成分上已表现出分化,这为长牡蛎壳色品系选育提供了重要的参考资料。

Analysis and evaluation of nutrient composition in different tissues of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with five shell colors

Color polymorphism is relatively common in marine mollusks. Shell color affects the visual perception of products which, consequently, influences consumer preference and product value. To increase the value of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), five shell color strains (black, purple, orange, golden, and white) of C. gigas have been developed through successive, selective breedings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in the chemical composition and nutritional value of different organs of five shell-color strains and one control population. In this study, five biochemical compositions in adductor muscle, mantle, gill, and gonad-visceral mass were detected, including moisture, total protein, total fat, glycogen, and ash. Results indicate that the purple-shell strain showed a significantly higher fat content in the adductor muscle than that of the orange-shell strain (P<0.05). The golden-shell strain showed significantly higher glycogen than in the black-shell, orange-shell, and control population, while the white-shell strain had significantly larger ash content in the mantle compared to the control population (P<0.05). In addition, the orange-shell, purple-shell and white-shell color strains showed significantly lower glycogen in the gill than in the control population (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the contents of five biochemical compositions in gonad-visceral mass between the control population and five shell-color strains. The nutritional composition appeared significantly different among the four organs. These results indicate that nutritive content significantly changed in the process of selective breeding, providing useful information for developing shell-color strains in future.