桑沟湾海水中浮颗粒物的动态变化

用常规调查分析结合自动监测法对桑沟湾海水中悬浮颗粒物的季节性变化、水平与垂直分布作了全面的调查。结果表明，该湾总悬浮颗粒物和有机悬浮颗粒物的月平均数量变动范围分别为４．６２￣４０．０６和１．９０￣６．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ；叶绿素ａ和悬浮颗粒物的质量变动范围分别为０．９５￣９．６８μｇ／Ｌ和０．０７￣０．８０μｇ／ｍｇ。悬浮颗粒物质量的周日变化与潮流运动有关；而其数量无明显的周日变化。悬浮颗粒物质量的水平分     

桑沟湾海水中悬浮颗粒物的动态变化

用常规调查分析结合自动监测法对桑沟湾海水中悬浮颗粒物的季节性变化、水平与垂直分布作了全面的调查。结果表明，该湾总悬浮颗粒物和有机悬浮颗粒物的月平均数量变动范围分别为４．６２～４０．０６和１．９０～６．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ；叶绿．素α和悬浮颗粒物的质量变动范围分别为０．９５～９．６８μｇ／Ｌ和０．０７～０．８０μｇ／ｍｇ。悬浮颗粒物质量的周日变化与潮流运动有关；而其数量无明显的周日变化。悬浮颗粒物质量的水平分布趋势为从湾口到湾底逐渐增加；数量的水平分布趋势与之相反。悬浮颗粒物数量的垂直分布趋势为从上到下逐渐升高；质量垂直分布趋势与之相反。在扇贝养殖区内由于扇贝的消耗，中层水中悬浮颗粒物的数量与质量最小。     

盐碱地新池塘测水配方施肥培育大规格鱼种试验

根据测水数据将有机肥、无机肥氮和磷按比例少量多次施肥,使试验水体中ＮＨ４－Ｎ＋ＮＨ３－Ｎ平均值为０．８３８９ｍＬ,ＰＯ４＾３－－Ｐ为０．１２８５ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｎ／Ｐｏ ７．３３／１,ＣＯＤ平均值为１７．８５ｍｇ／Ｌ,有机腐屑和细菌占有机悬浮物的７５％,浮游动物平均生物量为１８．５７１１ｍｇ／Ｌ,浮游植物平均生物量为４３．２１８ｍｇ／Ｌ,叶绿素为２３２．６μｇ／Ｌ,池中绿藻、隐藻、硅藻为优势种群,成功地     

重金属等若干污染因子对克氏原螯虾的影响

１９９１－１９９３年，对上海地区部分河沟中克氏原螯虾体内总汞、铜、铅、锌、镉等重金属及挥发性酚的残毒量进行检测的结果，各种毒物含量的平均值都低于国家有关卫生标准，但所有这些毒物的检出率均为１００％，其中总汞的含量为０．０１０８－０．１０１４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超樯率０；铜为１．９８８５－１１．７３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超樯率１６．６７５；铅为０．１８０－１．０５２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超标率８．３３％；锌为２．９８１－９．     

嗜水气单胞菌对4种中草药和4种抗生素耐药性的比较研究

ＳＨ－９２－０２和Ｃ－９５０５０１两菌株对大黄,穿心莲,诃子,连翘、呋喃唑 酮,氟哌酸,氯霉素和土霉素的ＭＩＣ分别为１６ｍｇ／ｍＬ、２５０ｍｇ／ｍＬ、０．１２ｍｇ／ｍＬ、３．９ｍｇ／ｍＬ、０．１２μｇ／ｍＬ、０．０３４μｇ／ｍＬ、０．３１μｇ／ｍＬ、０．９７μｇ／ｍＬ和３０、５００、０．１２、３．９、０．９７、０．１２、０．９７、１．９５ｍｇ／ｍＬ。１０次药物肖工递增继代培养,共试菌株ＳＨ－９２－     

杭州西湖总氮、总磷周年变化与水体富营养化研究

２００６年１０月～２００７年９月,对西湖５个主要湖区的８个样点水体的温度、溶解氧、ｐＨ、透明度、悬浮物、总氮、总磷、叶绿素ａ浓度等理化因子和藻类生物量进行测定和分析,讨论总氮、总磷与优势种藻类、藻类总量的平均浓度的关系。结果表明,总氮年平均值２．６３ｍｇ／Ｌ,变化范围０．１７～７．８８ｍｇ／Ｌ;总磷年平均值为０．０８７ｍｇ／Ｌ, １０月最高,为０．１８７ｍｇ／Ｌ;叶绿素年平均值为２４．４９μｇ／Ｌ,最大值和最小值分别出现在２００７年７月（５０．５９μｇ／Ｌ）与２月（１．０９μｇ／Ｌ）。优势种藻类及藻类总量的平均浓度与总氮呈极显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与总磷呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）,总磷为西湖藻类增殖的主要限制因子。作为一个内源性污染的浅水富营养化湖泊,西湖的治理需要控制人为因素对水体的影响,减少底泥营养盐的再释放,尤其是降低可溶性磷酸盐的释放,从而抑制藻类的过量繁殖。     

微量元素在盐碱地新池塘配方施肥培育鱼种中的效果研究

在施足基肥的盐碱地新池塘中,将有机肥、无机肥氮、磷、微量元素按比例连续不断地配方施肥和水质调控,使水体中ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ＋ＮＨ３－Ｎ为０．８３５ ８ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＰＯ４＾３－－Ｐ为０．１２８ ６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳｉＯ２为１．４９ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｎ／Ｐ为６．０２：１。微量元素Ｆｅ、Ｂ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｏ分别按６０、５０、５０、５、５、５μｇ／Ｌ施入池水,隐藻、硅藻为优势种群的浮游植物总生物量达到４６．９３９ｍｇ／     

青岛近岸水域挥发性酚的分布及在贝类体内的积累

根据１９９８年４－１０月对青岛市近岸水域及贝类养殖区的综合调查结果,初步摸清了青岛市近岸水域及贝类体内酚的分布。在所调查的水域内酚的含量范围为０－８．１１μｇ／Ｌ,平均值为１．５５μｇ／Ｌ。     

关于几种海水鱼类的养殖技术之一美国红鱼海水网箱养殖技术

美国红鱼是眼斑拟石首鱼（Ｓｃｉａｅｍｏｐｓ ｏｃｅｌｌｅｔｕｓ）的俗称，原产于南大西洋和墨西哥湾沿岸水域，属鲈形目、石首鱼科、拟石首鱼属，是一种广温广盐、暖水、溯河性的海产经济鱼类。其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、抗病力强、生长迅速、饵料广泛等优点。正逐渐成为一个新兴的热门养殖品种。美国红鱼生长适温范围为８℃－３５℃，最适２２℃－３Ｏ℃；适盐范围０‰－４０‰，最适２０‰－３５‰ｅ ； ＰＨ 值为６－９，最适７—８；溶解３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ以上，最适 ５．０～９．０ｍｇ／Ｌ；因为美国红鱼生长所需要的钙主要是靠周围水体…     

黑龙滩水库浮游生物及初级生产力

黑龙滩水库年平均浮游植物现存量２０９．８万个／Ｌ,３,１５ｍｇ／Ｌ浮游动物现存量１１７８０个／Ｌ,０．８７ｍｇ／Ｌ,叶绿素ａ含量１．９９μｇ／Ｌ。年均初级生产力２．８６ｇＯ２／ｍ＾２．ｄ,从中游向上,下游降低;年鱼产潜力２４．７５万ｋｇ。水库饵料厂附近为中一富营养型,其它区域为贫中营养型。     

外荡网箱养鳗试验

鳗鲡(Ahguilla japonica Temm.et Schl.)又名河鳗、白鳝，属淡水鱼珍品。国际市场畅销，为我国水产创汇的拳头产品．我国台湾50年代初建场养鳗，现可年产商品鳗约3．5万吨。大陆自1972年发展成鳗养殖，目前年产5千吨以上．绝大多数为露天或温室池塘。网箱养鳗始于1987年，是浙江针对本地气温偏低，又映地热、工厂余热，但有众多的水库和外荡，因一种紧迫感创造出来的新技术外荡网箱养鳗．嘉兴历来以出口鳗苗为主。本地却有1．8万公顷外荡可供利用．因为网箱养鳗在外荡比水库有更多技术难题，故有“外荡网箱养鳗不可行”之说，为此，从事研究适于外荡网箱养鳗的整套的技术。历时三年，于1990年完成．由于试验从观察外荡生态变化及河鳗生活入手，因势利导试用某些新技术和配套混养，充分利用与发挥生态效益，最终才有较好的技术经济效益。     

PARASITES AND PARASITOSIS IN FISH CULTURE IN PORTUGAL

This paper deals with research work covering the period from May 1979 up to May 1981 and presents results of parasites and parasitosis diagnosed in a total of 195 complete dissections of six fish species from cultured and feral populations in Portugal: European eel (Anguilla anguilla) (49); mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio specularis) (29); common grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) (18); European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) (11); rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (42); common sole (Solea solea) (46). A list of protozoans and helminths identified with respective incidence is given: A) Feral fish: 1) European eel (17)—Echinorhynchus clavula 11.8% and Rhabdochona anguilla 5.9%; 2) common grey mullet (18)—Haploporus benedenii 16.7%, Neoechinorhynchus sp. 5.6%, and Raphidascaris sp. 5.6%; 3) European plaice (11)—Bothriocephalus sp. larvae 9.1%, Contracaecum aduncum 9.1%, and Cryptocotyle lingua 9.1%; 4) common sole (46)—Cucullanellus minutus 8.7%, Gyrodactylus elegans 4.3%, and Cestodes larvae 2.2%. B) Cultured fish: 1) European eel (32)—Trichodina anguillae 3.1% and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis 18.8%; 2) rainbow trout (42)—Eimeria truttae 2.4%, Hexamita intestinalis 4.8%, Holophrya simplex 2.4%, and Trichodina truttae 4.8%. The results show that feral fish harbor predominantly indirect life cycle helminths, in contrast with cultured fish only affected with protozoans, due mainly to overcrowding and deficient management, which propitiate a significant background infection. It was in these specimens that some lesions characteristic of protozoosis were found.     

莱州湾虾池养殖罗非鱼的静水围隔生态系浮游植物的初步研究↑（*）

本文报道了在１９９４年７月至９月间莱州湾海水养罗非鱼围隔生态系浮游植物优势种、叶绿素浓度与理化因子的关系。各浮游植物优势种与理化因子的相关性基本一致，但其相关程度不同，主要优势种卵形隐藻、海洋原甲藻和扁藻与各理化因子的关系最紧密。从总体水平上，各种理化因子对浮游植物影响的相对重要性依次为ＴＮ＞ｐＨ＞ＴＰ＞ＮＯ２－Ｎ＞ＤＯ＞ＣＯＤ＞ＳＤ＞ＮＨ４－Ｎ＞ＰＯ４－Ｐ。氮磷对浮游植物的相对影响取决于氮、磷的比值。在本实验条件下，适宜的 ＴＮ／ＴＰ为 １８左右。施鸡粪和投饵两种养鱼方式中，氮和磷分别是浮游植物生长的限制因子。本文还就浮游植物变动对罗非鱼的影响进行了讨论。     

FRESHWATER PRAWN FARMING IN GHER SYSTEMS IN SOUTHWEST BANGLADESH

The livelihoods of a large number of farmers are associated with freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in gher (modified rice fields with high, broad peripheral dikes) systems in southwest Bangladesh. Most farmers integrated prawn with fish and rice in their gher and followed extensive methods using low inputs. Although farmers have improved their social and economic conditions through prawn farming, constraints include high production costs, low supply of wild fry and snail meat as prawn feed, lack of technical knowledge of farmers, and negative environmental impacts.     

MALAYSIAN PRAWN CULTURE IN BRACKISH WATER PONDS IN LOUISIANA

Beginning on May 13, 1980, prawns were cultured at the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge for 140 days from postlarvae and fed. Production in ponds receiving Ralston Purina Experimental Marine Ration #25 averaged 408 kg/ha, 619 kg/ha and 510 kg/ha for the respective replicated stocking densities of 2.5/m², 4.9/m² and 7.4/m². Average feed conversion factors were 1.0, 1.0 and 1.5. Average prawn weights at harvest decreased with increased stocking density and were 21 g, 17 g and 12 g, respectively. Production per pond ranged from 390 kg/ha to 832 kg/ha. An average of 77% of prawns stocked at 2.5/m² exceeded 115 mm TL whereas the stocking densities of 4.9/m² and 7.4/m² yielded only 32% and 31% over 115 mm. Extra postlarvae remaining after the stocking requirements for the feeding study were met permitting additional tests. Stocking rates selected for these additional studies were 1.2/m², 2.5/m² and 3.7/m². Prawns in these ponds received no supplemental feed and yielded harvests of 124 kg/ha, 224 kg/ha and 292 kg/ha, respectively. These treatments, the first two of which were not replicated, resulted in production similar to that of an earlier study of prawn production on natural forage in brackish ponds at this facility. Average prawn sizes at harvest were 18 g, 15 g and 12 g, and were inversely related to stocking densities.     

池塘闭路循环水养虾的研究

阐述了池塘闭路循环水水质的变化及养虾效果,循环水开机4h后,氮氮和化学耗氧量,分别降低了11.09％和17.35％,下层水的溶解氧含量比对照池提高了1.22ml/L,并使上、下水层的水温和pH值趋向平衡。生产应用试验证明,使用闭路循环水比对照池的成活率提高了7.78％,降低投饵系数12.18％,提高产量19.21％,每公顷增加效益6354元。     

ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY IN THREE ECOLOGICAL TYPES OF POND IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA IN CHINA

本文研究了珠江三角洲三种不同生态类型池塘的能量转换效率。三种不同类型的池塘分别是：１）静水塘，面积０．２４７ｈａ，试验期间不换水，也没有其它增氧设施；２）加水塘，面积０．１９３ｈａ，每天加水２，７００－３，０００Ｍ３／ｈａ；３）微流水塘，面积０．１９３ｈａ，每天由潮汐自然进水３０，２５５－４２，４８０Ｍ３／ｈａ。另外，加水塘和微流水塘各配一台３千瓦的叶轮式增氧机，在鱼浮头时使用。结果表明增加池塘的换水量可以增加鱼产量，提高池塘的能量转换效率。还表明换水量大的池塘其生物能占的比例较大，而光合能占的比例则较小。为提高池塘的能量转换效率和鱼产量，必须增加“直食性”鱼类的放养量、减少“滤食性”鱼类的放养量。     

中国对虾人工受精技术的研究

首次探讨了中国对虾人工受精的方法。干法、湿法、半湿法和滴管法都可获得一定比例的受精卵,其中滴管法的受精效果最佳,最高受精率为77.8％。受精卵经过培养,能够进行正常的卵裂和胚胎发育。通过对这几种方法受精效果的分析和比较,认为,在精卵未丧失受精能力的前提下,尽可能地使精卵充分混合,才能得到较高的受精率。还对这四种方法的人工受精和自然受精对受精率的影响进行了比较和分析。