金乌贼和曼氏无针乌贼胚胎发育及其盐度耐受能力的比较研究

采集金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)及曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)受精卵,观察了金乌贼胚胎发育过程,比较分析了2种乌贼受精卵和仔乌的形态特征;分别研究了金乌贼受精卵在盐度20,25,30(对照)、33,36及曼氏无针乌贼受精卵在盐度15,20,25,30(对照)、36条件下的孵化率,分析了2种乌贼受精卵在192 h盐度突变过程中卵液渗透压和受精卵Na~+/K~+-ATPase活力的变化,比较了其在相同盐度20,25,30,36条件下的孵化率及耐受盐度突变的生理适应过程.结果表明,金乌贼胚胎发育第7天器官开始分化,第14天器官开始形成,盐度30、水温22～24℃时,其孵化时间为20～21 d;盐度30处理组,2种乌贼受精卵的孵化率均显著高于其他盐度处理组(P<0.01);在192 h盐度突变过程中,2种乌贼受精卵卵液渗透压随环境盐度的变化而变化,金乌贼受精卵卵液渗透压与环境渗透压相等,而曼氏无针乌贼受精卵卵液渗透压比环境渗透压平均高出60 mOsm/kg,2种乌贼受精卵均未检测到Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性.比较发现,虽然2种乌贼受精卵调节渗透压能力均较弱,但曼氏无针乌贼受精卵比金乌贼能更好地适应盐度变化.本研究旨在探明两种乌贼受精卵对盐度的适应性,为开展规模化人工繁育与资源增殖提供基础依据.     

曼氏无针乌贼规模化全人工育苗技术初探

为研究曼氏无针乌贼规模化全人工育苗技术,2008～2010年以人工养殖的曼氏无针乌贼成体作亲本进行了育苗试验.试验中采取了下列技术措施:对乌贼亲体进行强化培育和生殖调控,促进性腺发育成熟;确立乌贼幼体的饵料系列并保障供给;做好育苗水体的水质调控和苗种的病害防治.3年共获受精卵4075.8 kg,平均孵化率82.5％;培...     

河北渔业辉煌“十一五”——曼氏无针乌贼人工繁育及养殖技术研究

<正> 2006-2007年,河北省水产研究所应用海洋动物生理学、海洋生物学、水产养殖学、水产增殖学等多学科技术,对曼氏无针乌贼的人工繁育和池塘养殖技术进行了试验研究。 采用系列技术措施使乌贼亲体越冬培育成活率达到60%;人工繁育出体长1.5cm苗种5.9万     

曼氏无针乌贼胚胎发育的初步观察

将曼氏无针乌贼受精卵卵膜剥离,在显微镜或解剖镜下观察胚胎发育的全过程,结合室内人工育苗的孵化技术进行探讨。曼氏无针乌贼卵为粘性卵,呈黑色,类型属端黄卵,卵膜属三级卵膜,卵裂类型为不全卵裂,囊胚呈盘状,发生类型为直接发生型。在水温为23.8～26.2℃、盐度29.3时,最快14d孵出幼体,最慢23天孵出幼体,孵出幼体高峰期为18～21d,高峰期的孵出量占总孵出量的79.4%,孵化率为83.1%。胚胎发育速度与温度高低（20～30℃）成正比,盐度低于22对孵化率有严重影响。     

东方新糠虾土池规模化培养技术探讨及其应用

<正>东方新糠虾营养价值很高,是多种水产经济动物(大黄鱼、石斑鱼、大菱鲆、牙鲆、东方鲀、真鲷、海马、河蟹大眼幼体、曼氏无针乌贼等)的优质活饵料。自2013年6月份浙江省海洋水产研究所试验场开始大规模繁育曼氏无针乌贼苗种,现已成为浙江省最大的曼氏无针乌贼苗种繁育基地及增殖放流基地。目前针对曼氏无针乌贼幼体的人工配合饲料尚未开发,因此曼氏无针乌贼幼体在摄食短期的丰年虫无节幼体和桡足类后需大     

北方地区曼氏无针乌贼越冬养殖技术

为解决春季育苗亲体需求,日照市海洋与渔业研究所进行了曼氏无针乌贼的人工养殖,并进行了越冬养殖技术研究。经过几年的越冬实践证明,用太阳能作为热源进行曼氏无针乌贼越冬是可行的。     

基于繁殖群体与补充群体结构特征的金乌贼资源增殖策略优化

利用青岛近岸海域连续监测数据,分析金乌贼繁殖群体及补充群体结构特征,比较不同洄游时期繁殖亲体的绝对生殖力与卵子规格,以及补充群体的扩散迁移过程,为金乌贼繁殖亲体筛选、增殖模式优化及放流海域合理规划等提供参考。结果显示,5—7月陆续洄游至青岛近岸的金乌贼繁殖亲体的胴长、体质量及其怀卵量随采样时间推移均呈逐渐下降趋势,前期繁殖亲体成熟卵细胞的卵径和卵重显著高于中期和后期亲体。金乌贼产黏性卵,通常将受精卵黏附于海藻或其他附着物上,其幼体生长迅速。受繁殖亲体结群期长及分批产卵等繁殖习性影响,补充群体的胴长、体质量离散水平亦随秋季采样时间推移不断升高。补充群体规格的离散可促进空间生态位分化,增加营养生态位宽幅,该生殖策略有利于减小种内摄食压力。基于金乌贼繁殖生态学特征,建议集中采集前期洄游亲体开展人工苗种繁育,以提升繁育效率,保证大规格苗种供应;依据其分批产卵习性,大规模增殖放流可分批进行,以减小种内饵料竞争,提高放流群体成活率;5—7月在近岸水深15～20 m的缓流区投放人工产卵附着基,也是一种有效的资源原位修复手段。今后应进一步探究金乌贼受精卵放流技术,优化其资源修复模式,降低增殖成本,提高资源增殖效率。     

“巨无霸”乌贼苗种成活率由不足5%提高到60%

继曼氏无针乌贼研发取得成功,推动头足类增养殖产业的形成与发展后,2013年8月,浙江海洋学院又突破大型头足类虎斑乌贼和拟目乌贼的苗种繁育工作,苗种成活率由普通的不足5%提高到近60%。头足类增养殖是浙江海洋学院的重要研发方向之一。特别是近年来,学校以国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心为依托,率先突破了我国传统四大海产之一曼氏无针乌贼的生殖调控与苗种繁育技术,使浙江沿海曼氏无针乌贼资源迅速得到恢复。2011年开始,为了进一步挖掘头足类资源,学校以浙     

曼氏无针乌贼的卵子发生及卵巢发育

采用组织学方法对人工养殖曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)卵子发生、卵巢发育周期进行组织学、细胞学观察。根据细胞大小、胞核形态及卵母细胞与滤泡细胞的关系,将曼氏无针乌贼卵子发生划分为卵原细胞期、卵母细胞期、成熟期和退化吸收期4个阶段,并阐述了各期卵母细胞的组织学特征。曼氏无针乌贼卵子发生过程具有种的特异性,大约孵化出膜12 d的乌贼可见有卵原细胞,此后进入增殖期。卵母细胞属于典型的滤泡型,发育过程中同时存在同步性与异同步性;卵母细胞无初级卵膜,只有次级卵膜和三级卵膜,次级卵膜由滤泡细胞分泌,三级卵膜由输卵管腺、缠卵腺以及墨囊分泌物共同构成。通过对卵巢的外观形态和组织学观察,将曼氏无针乌贼卵巢发育划分为6个时期。     

390多万粒曼氏无针乌贼成功放流浙江宁波市象山港东部海域

正6月1日,由宁波大学教授蒋霞敏团队技术指导,由象山来发水产育苗场繁育的曼氏无针乌贼受精卵成功放流在象山港东部海域,宁波市增殖放流工作领导小组监督人员到场监督,并随机抽样计数。本次放流受精卵390多万粒,符合增殖放流要求。根据曼氏无针乌贼生物学特点,增殖放流将受精卵置于网笼孵化器,并采取抛锚浮挂在海区直接孵化,以提高增殖放流效果。     

斑鳜人工繁殖技术初报

2011-2013年,利用野生和经人工驯养的野生斑鳜（ Siniperca scherzeri ）亲鱼进行人工繁殖试验。结果表明：采用地欧酮（ DOM）和促黄体素释放激素类似物（ LHRH -A3）组成的混合药物催产,在17．8-25．4℃水温条件下,斑鳜亲鱼群体的效应时间为24-46．5 h,存在产卵高峰期,产卵持续时间一般长达1-1．5 d。自然产卵高峰期的受精率较高,最高可达80%以上,早期和晚期的较低;而孵化率差异不大,最高可达86．7%。人工授精的受精率可达91．3%,孵化率可达89．3%。未经人工驯养的野生斑鳜亲鱼人工催产的受精率、孵化率都明显低于经人工驯养的。     

虎斑乌贼喷墨卵与正常卵的比较

为了探明虎斑乌贼喷墨卵对孵化及胚胎发育的影响,采用单因子实验研究了喷墨卵与正常卵的孵化率、培育周期、孵化周期、初孵幼体体质量,并比较了剥膜喷墨卵、剥膜正常卵、喷墨卵、正常卵4种类型卵的幼体生长和存活率。结果显示,虎斑乌贼喷墨卵和正常卵的孵化率无显著差异,喷墨卵的孵化率为90.1%±1.5%,正常卵的孵化率为87.9%±0.7%;两种卵的初孵幼体体质量也无显著差异,喷墨卵的初孵幼体体质量为(0.18±0.01)g,正常卵的初孵幼体体质量为(0.17±0.01)g;两种卵的培育周期、孵化周期均无显著差异,喷墨卵的培育周期为(34.67±0.89)d,孵化周期为(14.33±0.44)d,而正常卵的培育周期为(35.33±0.44)d,孵化周期为(14.67±0.67)d。而剥膜喷墨卵、剥膜正常卵、喷墨卵、正常卵4种类型卵的幼体存活率差异显著,剥膜喷墨卵和剥膜正常卵的存活率明显小于喷墨卵和正常卵,而剥膜喷墨卵和剥膜正常卵之间、喷墨卵和正常卵之间的存活率无显著差异;4种类型的幼体日均增长量和增重量差异显著,剥膜喷墨卵和剥膜正常卵的幼体日均增长量和增重量明显小于喷墨卵和正常卵,而剥膜喷墨卵和剥膜正常卵之间、喷墨卵和正常卵之间的幼体日均增长量和增重量无显著差异。     

Effect of Salinity on Embryonic Development of the Cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis

The effect of salinity on the embryonic development of Sepia pharaonis eggs was tested experimentally using S. pharaonis embryos at various developmental stages. The hatching rate, incubation period, hatching period, wet weight of hatchling cuttlefish, and yolk utilization efficiency ratio were quantified at salinities of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36. These variables were significantly affected by salinity. The weight of the eggs first decreased and then increased during embryonic development. The range of suitable salinities for hatching of S. pharaonis eggs was 27–33, and the optimal salinity was 30.     

中华沙鳅人工繁殖技术初探

对从长江、金沙江和岷江水域中收集质量为25.0～100.0 g的中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris Günther)进行人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖试验.结果显示:野生中华沙鳅能在人工饲养条件下生长和繁殖.注射人工催产药物鲤鱼脑垂体(PC)和促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催...     

First multi-generation culture of the tropical cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831

Sepiapharaonis, the pharaoh cuttlefish was cultured through multiplegenerations in the laboratory (5 consecutive generations) using closed,recirculating water filtration systems. The eggs of the original parentalgeneration (G_P) were spawned by a wild caught Gulf of Thailandfemale in alocal fisheries laboratory, then packed and shipped air cargo to Texas wherehatching occurred. The culture temperature ranged 25°–28°C, except for one generation that was chilled intentionallyto21 °C and then warmed to 25 °C after 9.6months. Spawning occurred as early as day 161. Spawning output was high in allgenerations except the group that was cultured at 21 °C. Eggfertility was low in captivity (< 20%), but hatchling survival was high(>70%). The average egg incubation time was 13.6 d at 25–28°C. The largest spawn resulted in 600 viable hatchlings andthesmallest resulted in 11 hatchlings. The cuttlefish ate a wide variety ofestuarine crustaceans and fishes as well as frozen shrimp. There were noapparent disease problems since survival from hatching to maturity was over70%.The average life span for cuttlefish cultured at 25–28°Cwas 8.9 months and 12.3 months at 21 °C. Size at hatching wasmeasured for fourth generation (G₄) hatchlings; the mean weight athatching was 0.103 g and the mean mantle length was 6.4mm. The largest cuttlefish cultured was a male 300 mmML and 3,045 g; the oldest cuttlefish lived 340 d.This cuttlefish species presents an excellent choice for commercial mariculturebecause of its rapid growth, short life span, tolerance to crowding andhandling, resistance to disease and feeding habits.     

盐度对杂交石斑鱼受精卵孵化和卵黄囊仔鱼形态及活力的影响

为了研究盐度对褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)♀×清水石斑鱼(Epinephelus polyphekadion)♂杂交后代(简称杂交石斑鱼)受精卵孵化、卵黄囊仔鱼形态及活力的影响,将杂交石斑鱼受精卵置于不同盐度水体中,观察盐度胁迫下卵径、油球径、孵化率及畸形率,以及孵化后卵黄囊仔鱼形态变化和活力状况。结果表明,在本研究条件下,受精卵卵径随盐度降低而增大,油球径不随盐度变化而变化。在盐度18~36范围内均能孵化仔鱼,但因盐度不同孵化率和初孵仔鱼畸形率有显著差异(P0.05);随盐度升高,孵化率呈先升后降的变化,初孵仔鱼畸形率则相反。盐度24~36组孵化后3 d仔鱼卵黄囊几乎完全消耗,组间无显著差异(P0.05)。在盐度24~36范围内,随着盐度的增加,仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI值)呈先升后降的变化曲线;盐度30~33范围内,初孵仔鱼SAI值大于5;5日龄仔鱼全部死亡,半数死亡时间出现在孵化后3.5 d。综上分析表明,该杂交石斑鱼受精卵孵化及仔鱼培育的适宜盐度范围为24~36,最适盐度范围为30~33。     

Hormone-induced ovulation and spawning of captive and wild broodfish of the catadromous Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner), (Percichthyidae)

Australian bass, Macquaria novemacideata (Steindachner),mature but do not spawn in fresh or brackish water ponds. Ovulation and spawning of captive (n = 158)and wild Australian bass (n = 123) was induced in the normal breeding season by single injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Doses of 100-4000IU kg-“ hCG induced ovulation and the optimum dosage was 500 IU kg” hCG. The breeding season was from mid-May to late August for wild fish,and extended into September for captive fish. There was a tendency for mean fertilization and hatching success to decline over the breeding season. Greater fertilization and hatching success was obtained from fish which spawned naturally than from stripped fish. Fish spawned after 34,2 ± 0.4 h (mean ± SE, n = 74). Ovulating fish that failed to spawn were stripped after 40.2 ± 0.3 h (n = 76). The timing of stripping and fertilization was an important factor determining hatching success. There was no apparent difference in latency periods or the number of eggs spawned between captive and wild fish. However, the mean number of eggs obtained from naturally spawned fish was higher than for stripped fish. The techniques described in this paper will assist the largescale production of Australian bass by increasing the quality and quantity of larvae from hCG-induced spawnings.     

First multi-generation culture of the tropical cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831

Sepiapharaonis, the pharaoh cuttlefish was cultured through multiplegenerations in the laboratory (5 consecutive generations) using closed,recirculating water filtration systems. The eggs of the original parentalgeneration (G_P) were spawned by a wild caught Gulf of Thailandfemale in alocal fisheries laboratory, then packed and shipped air cargo to Texas wherehatching occurred. The culture temperature ranged 25°–28°C, except for one generation that was chilled intentionallyto21 °C and then warmed to 25 °C after 9.6months. Spawning occurred as early as day 161. Spawning output was high in allgenerations except the group that was cultured at 21 °C. Eggfertility was low in captivity (< 20%), but hatchling survival was high(>70%). The average egg incubation time was 13.6 d at 25–28°C. The largest spawn resulted in 600 viable hatchlings andthesmallest resulted in 11 hatchlings. The cuttlefish ate a wide variety ofestuarine crustaceans and fishes as well as frozen shrimp. There were noapparent disease problems since survival from hatching to maturity was over70%.The average life span for cuttlefish cultured at 25–28°Cwas 8.9 months and 12.3 months at 21 °C. Size at hatching wasmeasured for fourth generation (G₄) hatchlings; the mean weight athatching was 0.103 g and the mean mantle length was 6.4mm. The largest cuttlefish cultured was a male 300 mmML and 3,045 g; the oldest cuttlefish lived 340 d.This cuttlefish species presents an excellent choice for commercial mariculturebecause of its rapid growth, short life span, tolerance to crowding andhandling, resistance to disease and feeding habits.