香鱼人工育苗饵料系列及其投喂技术

在水温14.8~21.2℃,比重1.008~1.013条件下,采用轮虫、微颗粒配合饲料、卤虫无节幼体及桡足类,以不同配比组成3组不同的饵料系列投喂香鱼仔、稚鱼。结果表明:采用轮虫 配合饲料-桡足类 配合饲料饵料系列的,其仔稚幼鱼生长速度和成活率均优于单纯使用生物饵料组成的饵料系列,并可降低育苗成本。     

饵料系列对香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck et Schlegel)人工育苗成活率、畸形率和白化率的影响

通过同一饵料系列(轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、桡足类、颗粒配合饲料)中不同的轮虫投喂时间,桡足类、颗粒配合饲料的比例,比较研究香鱼人工育苗的成活率、畸形率、白化率等育苗效果,以完善香鱼全人工批量育苗工艺.试验表明,在香鱼人工育苗仔稚鱼培育早期延长轮虫的投喂时间到15日龄可提高育苗的成活率及苗种规格;增加桡足类投喂量、减少颗粒配合饲料的投喂或采用研制全价的颗粒配合饲料有助于降低苗种的白化率;苗种的畸形与卵质有直接的关系,但同时与饵料、水质条件等因素有关.     

鮸鱼人工繁育技术研究

选用不同来源的鮸鱼亲鱼,经人工培育、促熟后直接在网箱内催产,用LHRH-A2作催产剂,体腔注射,采用轮虫-丰年虫幼体-鲜活桡足类-冰鲜桡足类饵料系列培育鱼苗,3年共育出全长3cm以上的鮸鱼苗70余万尾,基本上掌握了鮸鱼的人工繁育技术。     

使用可消化处理小球藻培养卤虫的方法

卤虫无节幼体(体长约0．5mm)是培养牙鲆等多种海产鱼和对虾幼体的理想饵料，它在一般幼体饵料系列里，居轮虫与桡足类之中。由于桡足类等天然浮游生物难于进行计划性采集，往往导致种苗生产不能顺利进行。因此，人工培养其休眠卵随手易得的卤虫及大型卤虫、以大型卤虫取代桡足类等天然浮游生物，确保初期饵料已成为当务之急。对此，日本曾采用以面包酵母、     

花尾胡椒鲷人工育苗试验

对花尾胡椒鲷进行人工育苗试验,幼体培育饵料系列采用牡蛎受精卵、轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、海水桡足类或淡水枝角类,历时34 d,育苗成活率30%;探讨了鱼苗的生长、生活习性和饵料系列。     

赤眼鳟苗种培育技术初探

赤眼鳟鱼苗开口饵料为浮游植物和轮虫，以后逐渐转为以轮虫和桡足类为主，鱼体全长3cm以后，主要摄食配合饲料和腐屑。仔鱼阶段常栖塘边，3cm以后分散活动。临界温度2～40℃，适温18～30℃。     

香鱼人工育苗技术的初步研究

用人工饲养的香鱼成鱼作亲鱼进行人工育苗，在育苗池中充气孵化，按生长日龄采用轮虫、桡足类及卤虫无节幼体作饵料，配合其它措施可使成活率高达82.14%。     

淡水小龙虾池塘养殖饲料投喂注意事项

1.根据淡水小龙虾不同生长发育阶段对营养的需求,合理搭配饲料小龙虾处在稚虾和虾种阶段时,主要摄食轮虫、枝角类、桡足类以及水生昆虫幼体,因而应通过施足基肥、适时追肥,培养大量轮虫、枝角类、桡足类以及水生昆虫幼体,供稚虾和虾种捕     

绿鳍马面鲀规模化人工繁育技术

为满足工厂化养殖绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)对苗种的需求,利用体质量250 g以上人工养殖的绿鳍马面鲀作为亲本进行了规模化人工繁育试验。结果显示:采用沙蚕和牡蛎对亲鱼进行营养强化培育,培育水温20～22℃,经过20 d左右,亲鱼能自然产卵;将收集的受精卵均匀泼洒到育苗池中孵化,采用轮虫-丰年虫无节幼体-配合饲料的饵料系列,育苗成活率约为10%。试验结果表明:亲鱼培育前期投喂沙蚕,开始产卵后改投牡蛎,培育效果较好;要提高苗种成活率,繁育时饵料应选用高品质的丰年虫卵或及时换用鲜活桡足类。     

石斑鱼神经坏死病毒传播途径阻断的初步研究

本文报告了斜带石斑鱼（Epinephelus coioides）苗种培育中亲鱼、卵、饵料等几个关键环节的病毒携带检测以及几种药物对病毒的消除效果的试验。用RT—PCR法检测斜带石斑鱼亲鱼的粪便、卵、仔鱼、稚鱼，饵料轮虫、桡足类中都有检出神经坏死病毒（nervous necrosis virus，NNV）。聚维酮碘5—10mg／L浸泡卵20min、浸泡轮虫和桡足类30min，盐酸吗啉胍3～5mg／L浸泡卵30min、浸泡轮虫和桡足类40min，聚维酮碘5mg／L＋盐酸吗啉胍3mg／L浸泡卵20min、浸泡轮虫和桡足类30min可有效灭活所携带的神经坏死病毒活性。     

投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析及营养评价

对投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料的2组草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）肌肉中的胶原蛋白、钙离子（Ca2＋）、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了比较分析，并对其营养价值与食用价值进行了评价。结果显示，投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中胶原蛋白和Ca2＋的质量分数分别为（0．149±0．011）％和（0．036±0．011）％，比投喂普通配合饲料的草鱼分别提高了36．7％和154％。投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中氨基酸总量为（16．802±1．823）％，投喂普通配合饲料草鱼氨旗酸总量为（18．444±0．850）％；投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中4种鲜味氨基酸[天冬氨酸（Asp）、谷氮酸（Glu）、甘氯酸（Gyl）和丙氨酸（Ala）]总质量分数为（6．613±0．771）％，低于投喂普通配合饲料草鱼。投喂蚕豆荦：鱼和投喂普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）总量分别占脂肪酸总量的73．857％和76．334％，其中单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）分别占脂肪总量的（55．598±2．403）％和（33．832±2．755）％。结果表明，投喂蚕豆荦：鱼叽肉中胶原蛋白和Ca2＋含量比投喂普通配合饲料的草鱼有显著提高，但其鲜味程度、氨基酸以及小饱和脂肪酸含鞋比投喂普通配合饲料草鱼低。     

俄罗斯鲟（Acipenser galdenstadti）规模化养殖研究——Ⅱ.幼鱼驯化技术

本文对俄罗斯鲟（Acipenser galdenstadti)在规模化养殖生产中的幼鱼驯化方法进行比较研究。用活铒开口后，用三种不同方法进行配合饲料驯化度试验，A组用配合饲料直接驯化，B组用饲料和活铒交替投喂，C组（对照组）用活铒投喂。实验结果：A组成活率达到建85.3%，铒料系数为1.59，平均日增重率3%；B组成活率达到93.4%，铒料系数为1.47，平均日增重率3.41%，结果表明，B组交替投喂的效果比A组直接驯化的效果为佳。     

摄食不同饵料对翘嘴鳜生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响

为探究三种不同饵料对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)生长性能、体成分和消化酶的影响,实验选取初始体重为(113.56±11.82)g的翘嘴鳜900尾,随机分成3组,分别投喂活饵料鱼、冰鲜饵料鱼和商品饲料,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果显示:(1)冰鲜组、活饵组和饲料组翘嘴鳜的成活率、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白效率均无显著性差异。饲料组翘嘴鳜肥满度显著小于其他两组,肝体比和脏体比均显著大于其他两组。(2)三组翘嘴鳜体成分中的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分均没有显著性差异。(3)翘嘴鳜肌肉各种氨基酸含量和总氨基酸量在三组之间的差异均不显著。饲料组翘嘴鳜肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸中的棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、EPA、神经酸、DHA的含量及总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于其他两组。(4)肝脏脂肪酶、肠道淀粉酶的活性在三组翘嘴鳜之间均没有显著性差异。冰鲜组翘嘴鳜肝脏淀粉酶、肠道脂肪酶活性均显著高于其他两组。结果表明:翘嘴鳜经过驯化可以摄食配合饲料,且不影响其生长性能。翘嘴鳜摄食饲料后,其肌肉氨基酸没有发生显著性的变化,不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著升高。     

配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了解配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和几种酶活性的影响,对用配合饲料和活饵料喂养178 d的刀鲚幼鱼的生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶以及抗氧化酶活性进行分析与比较。结果显示,配合饲料组的最终体长、体质量、成活率、鱼体肥满度和肝指数(分别为125.17 mm、6.27 g、65.73%、0.31 g/cm3和1.4%)显著低于活饵料组(分别为150.66 mm、12.39 g、85.59%、0.36 g/cm3和1.9%),两组鱼的肠长和体长比无显著差异(分别为25.3%和23.6%);两组鱼的肝脏中均未检测出蛋白酶,配合饲料组的幽门盲囊中碱性蛋白酶的活性(43.49 U/mg prot)显著低于活饵料组(86.37 U/mg prot),但两处理组鱼胃中酸性蛋白酶和肠道中碱性蛋白酶的活性均没有显著差异;配合饲料组肠道和幽门盲囊中的淀粉酶活性(分别为196.63和575.93 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(分别为928.91和1 755.90U/g prot),但两处理组鱼肝脏和胃中的淀粉酶活性没有显著差异;两处理组鱼的肝脏和胃中均未检测出脂肪酶,配合饲料组的肠道脂肪酶活性(23.55 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(14.39 U/g prot),但两处理组幽门盲囊中脂肪酶活性(分别为17.90和13.23 U/g prot)没有显著差异;配合饲料组的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(103.44 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(58.20 U/g prot),而配合饲料组的肝脏谷草转氨酶(AST/GOT)活性(20.38 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(32.51 U/g prot);肝脏中其余被检测的5种酶活性(ACP、ALT/GPT、SOD、GSH-PX和CAT)和血清中被检测的代谢酶(ALT/GPT和AST/GOT)及抗氧化酶(SOD和GSH-PX)活性在两处理组之间均没有显著差异。研究表明,刀鲚能摄食配合饲料,配合饲料组和活饵料组的大多数消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性,没有显著性差异,但配合饲料组的刀鲚生长和成活率远低于活饵料组,建议今后研发和改进刀鲚配合饲料,逐步替代活饵料。     

Effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L., cultured in the laboratory under high density and suboptimum temperature

This study examined the effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , under high density and suboptimum temperature. Presumptive Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from tilapia and from their culture system and were characterized for haemolytic and enzymatic activity, and antagonism against Vibrio . Selected strains were included in the diet of juvenile tilapia and evaluated during a 134-day assay. The experiment was conducted with four treatments: (1) fish fed with commercial feed plus Dry Oil^®; (2) fish fed with commercial feed plus LAB; (3) fish with bacilli in water; (4) fish with a mixture of treatments 2 and 3. Tilapias in all treatments, including bacteria, grew significantly better than fish fed with commercial feed plus Dry Oil^® (control group). Survival was similar in all treatments. The physicochemical parameters of the culture system were maintained within the optimal ranges for the species, with the exception of temperature (19.9–24.82 °C). Animals fed diet supplemented with bacilli and LAB had good survival and the best growth performance, suggesting that bacteria are appropriate growth-stimulating additives in tilapia cultivation.     

Effects of five compound attractants in high plant‐based diets on feed intake and growth performance of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of five attractants on feed intake, growth performance and appetite‐regulating genes expression for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish were fed with seven diets: fish‐meal‐based diet (FM), fermented soybean meal replacing 45% fish meal (FSBM) and other diets with 1% compound attractant A (CA‐A) consisting of amino acids, compound attractant B (CA‐B) consisting of quaternary ammonium bases, compound attractant C (CA‐C) consisting of nucleotides, compound attractant G (CA‐G) consisting of the combination of CA‐A, CA‐B and CA‐C and blue mussel protein hydrolysate (BMH) on the basis of FSBM diet respectively. Daily feed intake in CA‐A group was significantly higher, but that in CA‐B group was significantly lower than FSBM group. Similarly, specific growth rate was significantly enhanced in CA‐A and CA‐G groups and were significantly decreased in CA‐B group. Protein efficiency ratio and protein retention in CA‐B group were significantly lower than FSBM group. Furthermore, BMH supplement increased the mRNA expression of Ghrelin in the intestine of fish. These results showed that CA‐A and CA‐G supplement could enhance growth in plant‐based diets, but CA‐B supplement had the opposite effect, which might be associated with lower feed intake and lower feed utilization.     

Dietary microorganism and plant effects on the survival and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with the white spot syndrome virus

The effect of plants and probiotics on the survival and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was evaluated. A probiotic mixture (PM), plant extract (PE) or powdered plants (PP) were added to feed with the attractant Dry Oil^®. An experiment was conducted with five treatments in triplicate. Shrimp (weighing 11.70±2.5 g) were cultured in 120 L plastic tanks and fed twice a day with commercial feed plus additives or with commercial feed plus WSSV. Animals were monitored for the occurrence of WSSV using single‐step and nested PCR. The PM and PP added to the commercial feed showed high survival, a decrease in WSSV prevalence in shrimp and an increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes, N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase. The total haemocyte count in shrimp treated with PM was significantly higher than that in the control group (treatment I) and in shrimp fed with PE. The results of the present work indicate that PP and PM are good candidates for use as feed additives against WSSV in shrimp cultures.     

酸败油脂和黄曲霉毒素对中国对虾（Penaeus Chinensis）生长的影响

分别在对虾配合饲料中添加酸败鱼油和含黄曲霉毒素花生饼粉养虾，鲑油的酸价为０．２，８．０，２２．４，３１．０ｍｇ／ｇ，黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１的含量为４７２．０ｐｐｂ，７８．７ｐｐ。试验进行了２８天，其结果如下；随着鱼油酸价的增高，以上四组对虾的增重率依次为７２．４％，３７．０％，２９．２％，２７．５％；成活率依次为８３．１％，５９．６％，５８．０％．５３．０％；消化率依次为７８．７％，６８．５％，６３．３％     

配合饲料投喂量和粒径对绿盘鲍稚鲍生长和存活的影响

在水温15.8～24.7℃下,将小规格(壳长为1.03±0.02 cm)和中规格(壳长为1.57±0.03 cm)绿盘鲍(GS-02-003-2018)(皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino♀×绿鲍H.fulgens♂)稚鲍分成A、B、C和D 4个组,饲养在240 mm×170 mm×285 m...     

鲈鱼对浮性配合饵料中镉的积累

试验研究了浮性配合饵料置于镉（Ｃｄ）污染的海水后，吸附Ｃｄ的能力及鲈鱼摄食及Ｃｄ污染的配合饵料后，Ｃｄ在鱼体内的积累情况，结果表明，配合饵料置于海水中６０ｍｉｎ后吸附在饵料中的Ｃｄ，要比水中Ｃｄ的浓度高出数十倍，当配合饵料Ｃｄ含量为３ｍｇ／ｋｇ（干重）经４２ｄ的喂养，鲈鱼肌肉和肝脏中的Ｃｄ含量分别可达１２７和０．２６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ（湿重），最大富集系数分别为０．１９６和０．３２３，当配合饵料中Ｃｄ含