Seasonal dynamics and age structure of drifting cyprinid fishes: an interspecific comparison

Abstract –  We investigated interspecific differences in the downstream drift of seven species of young-of-the-year cyprinids over a 2-year period in two central European rivers, using a comparison of drifting fish with fish collected from nurseries at the same time and the same site as the drift samples. Species varied in the utilisation of the drift; Rutilus rutilus , Gobio spp., Abramis brama and Carassius auratus gibelio drifted abundantly, while Leuciscus cephalus and Alburnus alburnus were abundant in nurseries, but drifted at low densities. Abramis bjoerkna was equally represented among drifting and resident fish. Generally, fish drifted at two major developmental intervals; L3 stage and the stage at transition between larval and juvenile periods (L6/Juv), with interspecific differences in the ontogenetic timing of drifting. The propensity to drifting of certain developmental stages was also reflected in body size comparisons between drifting and resident fish. The stage-dependent drifting may be attributed to major changes in fish morphology, behaviour and swimming ability.     

Artificial daily fluctuations of river discharge affect the larval drift and survival of a tropical amphidromous goby

Amphidromous fish species reproduce in rivers, and their larvae immediately drift to the sea after hatching. Most of these larvae survive in freshwater for a few days only, rapidly reaching sea water is thus essential. Being of small size, especially among species of the Sicydiinae subfamily, the larvae possess poor swimming abilities; their drift dynamics is considered to be mainly passive and influenced by flow conditions. The influence of daily fluctuations in flow regime on Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Sicydiinae) larval drift patterns was studied using drift nets at three sites along the dammed Langevin River in Reunion Island. The river flow was stable at the upstream site when frequent anthropogenic river flow fluctuations were observed at the two sites downstream to the dam. Weak diel larval drift dynamics were detected at the upstream site and the first site under anthropogenic river flow conditions. In contrast, larval drift dynamics at the most downstream site was strongly influenced by anthropogenic daily fluctuations of discharge: the abundance of drifting larvae increased with peaks of discharge, regardless of the time. As higher mortality rates of drifting larvae were observed during discharge peaks, the benefit of a more rapid travel to the ocean associated with these peaks should be lower than expected. It is concluded that peaks of discharge increase the number of larvae drifting to the sea probably due to higher physical constraints on the egg clutches, but also decrease the chance of survival for larvae that may be nonfully developed.     

长江中游洪湖段仔鱼昼夜变化特征的初步研究

为了解长江中游洪湖段仔鱼漂流的昼夜变化特征,于2015年6-7月,在该江段进行了3次昼夜连续采样调查,共采集仔鱼101 349尾,分属于6目8科22种,数量以贝■氏最多(占93.6%),其次是鳊(占4.3%)。仔鱼种类数和平均密度最大值均出现在20∶00-22∶00,分别为18种和(15.73±2.03)ind./m~3。以时间段为因素对部分仔鱼进行单因素分析检验,结果显示贝■氏(Hemiculter bleeker)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)仔鱼的漂流密度在不同时间段具有显著性差异,而子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)、鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)在不同时间段差异不显著。聚类分析和非度量多维尺度排序(n MDS)结果显示,仔鱼出现时间段可分为昼和夜两组。光照强度和种间差异可能是引起仔鱼漂流特征昼夜差异的主要原因。研究结果表明将仔鱼漂流过程分时间段研究,对提高资源量精度评估也具有借鉴意义。     

Larval lake sturgeon production and drift behaviour in the Menominee and Oconto Rivers,Wisconsin

Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) have been negatively impacted by barriers to migration, pollution and overharvest. Biological data such as the timing of spawning activity and larval drift have provided a better understanding of larval production success or failure on a site-specific basis. However, many river systems that serve as reproductive locations for remnant lake sturgeon populations remain understudied. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast aspects of larval lake sturgeon drift within and between the Oconto and Menominee Rivers over multiple reproductive seasons. Differences in larval drift chronology, the size of drifting larvae during the season and the cross-sectional profile of drifting individuals as a function of river velocity were evaluated. D-frame drift nets were deployed at a single transect below spawning sites in the Menominee (2012, 2013 and 2014) and Oconto Rivers (2013, 2014 and 2015). A total of 4,442 larvae were captured across all seasons. Larvae exhibited nonrandom drift profiles related to water velocity, and larvae size was related to horizontal drift location. The seasonal increase in body size of drifting larvae also differed among drift events within and between years and across rivers. This information will provide a better understanding of lake sturgeon early life history and has practical management connections including spawning site protection/enhancement and river flow mitigation.     

Riverine spawning,long distance larval drift,and floodplain recruitment of a pelagophilic fish: A case study of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the arid Darling River,Australia

1. Pelagic spawning riverine fish (pelagophils) spawn in free‐flowing river habitats with downstream drift of eggs and larvae but the spatial scale is often unknown, and this constitutes a major ecological knowledge gap.
2. In the arid Darling River in south‐eastern Australia, the present objectives were: (i) to determine the potential downstream dispersal distance of young golden perch (Macquaria ambigua); and (ii) to evaluate whether provision of environmental water enhanced dispersal of young fish from Menindee Lakes to the lower Darling River (LDR) while also cueing further spawning in downstream lotic reaches.
3. Golden perch spawned in unregulated lotic tributaries on a flood pulse and larvae drifted or dispersed >1,600 km downstream and entered large ephemeral productive floodplain lake nursery habitats as fully scaled fingerlings.
4. Planned releases of environmental water cued golden perch spawning in the LDR and enabled juvenile fish to disperse downstream from the Menindee Lakes nursery into receiving populations in the LDR, Great Darling Anabranch, and southern Murray River, with some fish potentially completing an active migration of >2,100 km by age 1 year.
5. The Darling River case study highlights the need for a system‐scale approach to the conservation management of pelagophilic fish, along with multi‐year perennial flow strategies to improve ecosystem integrity in large rivers globally.

     

赣江下游丰城江段鱼类早期资源现状调查

对赣江鱼类早期资源的调查,可为赣江鱼类资源保护以及水利工程生态调度提供科学依据.2017年5-7月,在赣江丰城段使用圆锥网采集鱼卵和弶网采集仔鱼,对鱼类早期资源种类组成、产卵规模和产卵场进行分析.结果显示,调查期间共采集鱼卵11215粒,仔鱼12645尾,隶属于4目、8科、36种,其中产漂流性卵鱼类24种.估算调查期间通过丰城段卵苗径流量为66.66×１０^８粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量63.84×10^8 粒,鱼苗径流量2.82×10^8 尾;“四大家鱼”卵苗径流量为0.11×10^8 粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量0.07×10^8 粒,鱼苗径流量0.04×10^8 尾.调查期间出现3次产卵高峰,集中在6 月上、中旬.各类群鱼卵数量呈现出不同的时间动态,银鮈(Squalidusargentatus)产卵高峰期主要出现在5月,银鲴(Xenocyprisargentea)、鳊(Parabramispekinensis)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbuscurriculus)以及“四大家鱼”则主要出现在6月.研究表明,峡江水利枢纽运行后,邻近峡江水利枢纽的巴邱“四大家鱼”产卵场消失,但其下游的仁和、新干产卵场保存较完整,在离坝较远的大洋洲镇江段新调查到一处“四大家鱼”产卵场.建议开展生态调度及增殖放流活动,以保护赣江鱼类资源.     

漂流性鱼卵的孵化特性及水动力需求研究进展

明晰鱼卵运动规律是鱼类产卵场位置推算、水库生态调度和鱼类资源保护等研究的基础。尤其是对于产漂流性卵鱼类,当流水环境不足以维持鱼卵漂流时,鱼卵便下沉死亡而无法孵化成幼鱼。对照中国内陆鱼类名录,查阅了国内重要流域及地方鱼类志中有关产漂流性卵鱼类的繁殖条件,列举了典型产漂流性卵鱼类产卵水温、产卵月份和孵化时长等相关信息。针对现有鱼类志中对于鱼卵基本物理性质及鱼卵安全漂流孵化所需水动力条件几乎没有记载的情况,补充查阅了国内外相关文献,总结梳理了漂流性鱼卵安全漂流水动力条件的研究进展。一种观点认为鱼卵在水体中是否能安全漂流取决于水体的流速,另一种观点认为控制漂流性鱼卵悬浮或下沉的关键参数是湍流或剪切速度,而不是水流的线速度。现有漂流性鱼卵漂流的关键水动力条件和阈值尚有争议,仍需对鱼卵运动规律进行机理实验研究。在此基础上,总结梳理了目前国内外对鱼卵在水中漂流输移的研究方法和手段,主要是通过野外观测、室内实验和模型模拟三种方式进行。以上研究极大推进了对鱼卵运动机制的理解,但大多数研究都仅仅针对鱼卵运动规律本身进行单一的实验或模型研究,而对于如何通过水利工程生态调度创造满足漂流性鱼卵孵化所需的流水环境,提出水利水电工程生态环境效应多维调控方法是未来产漂流性卵鱼类保护研究的重要方向。     

三峡库区丰都江段鱼类早期资源现状研究

探究三峡库区丰都江段鱼类早期资源现状,评估长江上游梯级水库群联合调度对鱼类早期资源的影响,可为三峡库区渔业资源管理和保护措施制定提供科学依据。2018年5-7月,在三峡库区丰都江段利用圆锥网在左岸、江心和右岸进行鱼卵、鱼苗逐日取样调查。结果显示,调查期间共采集鱼卵7426粒、鱼苗15461尾,隶属于5目、10科、40种(鱼卵16种,仔鱼36种),其中产漂流性卵鱼类19种。估算通过丰都断面的卵苗径流量为290.55×10⁸粒(尾),其中鱼卵89.84×10⁸粒,鱼苗200.71×10⁸尾;四大家的卵苗总径流量为2.24×10⁸粒(尾),其中鱼卵0.95×10⁸粒,鱼苗1.29×10⁸尾。调查期间出现3次产卵高峰,集中在5月下旬和6月下旬。各类仔鱼数量呈现出不同的时间动态,太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)、吻鰕虎鱼属(Rhinogobius sp.)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)主要出现在5月,四大家鱼以及宜昌鳅鮀(Gobiobotia filifer)主要出现在6月。研究表明,三峡库区靠近库尾段的鱼类早期资源丰富,库尾江段仍存在四大家鱼产卵场。     

大宁河龙溪段鱼类早期资源研究

为了解十年禁渔背景下大宁河鱼类早期资源变化状况,2020和2021年5-7月在大宁河龙溪断面开展了鱼类早期资源现状的调查。结果表明,龙溪江段产浮性卵鱼类1种、漂流性卵鱼类4种、粘沉性卵鱼类19种;中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）和大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）的产卵规模相对较大,其卵占比分别达48%和30%以上;2020年的鱼类卵苗资源量和种类都少于2021年。RDA分析结果显示,中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)鱼卵漂流密度与水温变化呈现一定相关性,适宜水温促使中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)产卵;随着流速和流量增加,多鳞白甲鱼(Scaphesthes macrolepis)和云南盘鮈(Discogobio yunnanensis)卵漂流密度均相应增加;大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）和峨眉后平鳅(Metahomaloptera omeiensis)产卵期间江水酸碱度相对较低。十年禁渔的实施对大宁河鱼类资源的恢复可能产生积极影响。     

Longitudinal segregation of Astyanax janeiroensis in Rio Ubatiba: a Neotropical stream of south‐east Brazil

Abstract – In this study, we explored patterns of size and abundance of Astyanax janeiroensis in Rio Ubatiba (Rio de Janeiro, south‐east Brazil) in relation to reproduction. A. janeiroensis broadcast their eggs in the water column throughout the year. Samples at seven sites conducted every second month from July 1994 to August 1995 revealed a predominance of larger adult specimens upstream and immature juveniles downstream. We hypothesize that upstream movements of adult individuals is a response to drifting of eggs and larvae.     

Effects of Latency Periods and Injection Doses with Carp Pituitary Extract on Spawning Performance and Egg Quality of Asian Catfish,Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the spawning performance and egg quality of Clarias batrachus at variable latency periods (11, 14, 17, 20, and 23 h) and doses of carp pituitary extract (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg). The fish could not be stripped at 11 h latency with 10 or 20 mg carp pituitary extract (CPE). The highest quantity of eggs was obtained at 14 to 23 h latency with 30–40 mg CPE or 50 mg CPE with 14 to 17 h latency, which did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) at a water temperature of 27°C–28.5°C. The eggs did not fertilize and hatch when stripped at 11-h latency period. Over 80% of total eggs stripped from females injected with 30 and 40–50 mg CPE per kg body weight, and stripped at 14 to 23 h and 14- to 17-h latency, respectively, were fertilized. However, the highest (P < 0.05) number of larvae was obtained from females injected with 40 mg CPE and stripped at 14 or 17 h latency periods. Therefore, this CPE dose and 17 h latency period combination was regarded as the best for obtaining the highest number of larvae during induced spawning of C. batrachus.     

马鞍列岛人工鱼礁区鱼卵与仔稚鱼的群落结构

为了解人工鱼礁投放对鱼卵和仔稚鱼分布的影响,于2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)利用大型浮游生物网在马鞍列岛海洋牧场开展了4个航次的水平拖网调查。根据鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布等群落结构特征,对投礁区和未投礁区鱼卵、仔稚鱼的资源分布进行研究。结果显示,2018年在马鞍列岛海洋牧场共采集鱼卵5 642粒、仔稚鱼1 013尾,隶属于10目21科49种。鱼卵优势种为龙头鱼、短吻红舌鳎和小黄鱼;仔稚鱼的优势种为褐菖鲉、花鲈和小公鱼属未定种。投礁区和未投礁区鱼卵仔稚鱼的优势种种类组成基本一致,但是群落结构差异显著,投礁区各个季节的多样性指数、丰富度指数及均匀度指数均高于未投礁区,与未投礁区差异显著,且春季投礁区的生物多样性最高。聚类分析显示,春季鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构最为稳定,冬季群落结构最简单,夏、秋两季相似度较高,群落结构更复杂。研究表明,马鞍列岛海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放对鱼卵、仔稚鱼具有一定的聚集和庇护作用,温度(T)、盐度(S)、水体浑浊度(Turb.)等海洋物理环境因子对鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布影响显著。     

黄海南部近岸水域棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼的分布和漂移趋势

鱼类早期资源特征对鱼类种群的研究和渔业资源的评估管理具有极大的价值.实验于2019年3月—2020年1月在黄海南部近岸水域设置47个站点,每月大潮期间使用仔稚鱼网采集仔稚鱼,揭示了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼丰度的时空分布特征和漂移趋势,采用广义相加模型分析环境因子与之关联.调查共采集到棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼2385尾,出现在6—10月...     

汉江中下游产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源现状的初步研究

为了解汉江中下游江段的水文变化特点与鱼类早期资源分布状况,2009年6～8月在沙洋断面开展了汉江中下游产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源现状的调查。结果表明,汉江沙洋站以上可监测到的152.28km干流江段中共有3个产卵场,产卵场总长度为42.12km,占江段总长的27.7%。产卵总量为56601.9万粒,产漂流性卵鱼类约有21种...     

Preliminary telemetry data on the movement patterns and habitat use of European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a reservoir of the River Ebro, Spain

Abstract –  Knowledge of the movements and diel behaviour of the European catfish ( Silurus glanis ), the largest European freshwater fish, is limited to anecdotal information. In a preliminary telemetry study of European catfish, the spring diel movement patterns of five adult catfish were examined. After intraperitoneal insertion of the acoustic tags, the positions of the fish were recorded automatically in the Flix Reservoir (River Ebro, NE Spain). A marked nocturnal mobility pattern was observed throughout the study. During daytime, the catfish were consistently located in the littoral zone and spent extended periods of the day hidden in concealed habitats. Catfish movements were in a radial pattern, with upstream and downstream excursions followed by returns to a previously occupied location. Significant individual variations in movement pattern were observed among the tagged fish and within the 24 h cycle for each fish. Mean instantaneous swimming speed was 0.17 body lengths per second (BL·s⁻¹) at night but 0.09 BL·s⁻¹ during the daytime.     

A continuous, underway fish egg sampler

We describe a method to sample the highly contagious distribution of pelagic fish eggs. CUFES, the continuous, underway fish egg sampler, consists of a submersible pump, concentrator, electronics and sample collector. This system operates continuously and under nearly all sea conditions, providing a real-time estimate of the volumetric abundance of pelagic fish eggs at pump depth, usually 3 m. CUFES-derived estimates of volumetric abundance agree well with those from nets towed at pump depth and with areal abundance estimated from vertically integrated plankton tows. CUFES has been used successfully to sample the eggs of menhaden, pinfish, sardine, and anchovy off the coasts of the eastern and western United States and South Africa. Two large patches of eggs of the Atlantic menhaden were sampled off North Carolina in winter 1993–94, had a linear scale of 5–10 km, and were found in waters between the Gulf Stream and mid-shelf front. Spawning location may be related to bathymetry. CUFES is now being used to estimate spawner biomass by the daily egg production method. An optical plankton counter provided accurate estimates of the number of Atlantic menhaden eggs sample by CUFES.     

Analysis of fish eggs and larvae flowing into the Three Gorges Reservoir on the Yangtze River,China

Studies on fish eggs and larvae are important for understanding the recruitment dynamics of fish assemblages and their relationships with environmental conditions. Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China, the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is one of the largest reservoirs in the world, where the fish resource ecology has drawn great attention. With the purpose of evaluating fish recruitment in the TGR, in the present study, samples of fish eggs and larvae were collected at Luoqi County, the upper end of the TGR, from April 15th to July 29th 2011. From the samples collected, we identified 46 fish species belonging to nine families and five orders. The most abundant species were in the Cultrinae, Gobiidae, and Gobioninae. An estimated 12.4 billion fish eggs and larvae drifted into the TGR. There were approximately 2.6 billion Pseudolaubuca sinensis, 1.9 billion Hemiculter leucisculus, and 1.8 billion Gobiidae. The spawning grounds of fishes that release pelagic eggs are in the reaches 13–162 km upstream from our sampling site. More attention should be paid to protecting the habitat in large free stretches upstream of the reservoir, since these areas are important spawning grounds for many fishes. Also, an ample natural flooding regime should be retained in this region.     

水电站影响下太湖西苕溪鱼类产卵生境及其早期资源与环境因子的关系

水利设施运行影响下的鱼类早期资源发生规律被逐渐关注, 坝下区域也成为鱼类产卵生境的关注热点。西苕溪作为太湖上游的重要补充支流, 是太湖流域鱼类完成生活史过程的重要载体。为解析电站影响下的坝下河流生境变量与鱼类早期资源的内在联系, 本研究于 2022 年 4—7 月在西苕溪江东电站坝下的东山段开展了持续 90 d 的鱼类早期资源调查以及时空格局研究。结果显示, 该区域鱼卵日平均密度为(0.5±0.7) ind/m³, 仔鱼日平均密度为 (0.5±0.6) ind/m³。运用形态学结合分子生物学方法进行种类鉴定, 共鉴定鱼类 35 种, 隶属 4 目 14 科 22 属, 其中产沉性卵鱼类 9 种, 产浮性卵 5 种, 产黏性卵 9 种, 产漂流性卵 12 种。5 月下旬、6 月上旬和 6 月下旬为产卵高峰期。 左右岸样线以沉性卵和以水生植物为黏附基质的产黏性卵鱼类为主, 河心样线则以产漂流性卵、产黏性卵和浮性卵鱼类为主。该区域鱼类卵苗数量受水温、流速、水位影响较大, 水位、流速是影响鱼类繁殖的主要因子, 电站调度对卵苗量有显著影响。基于卵苗收获量、卵苗发育时期等结果, 判定该采样区域——西苕溪江东电站坝下东山段为适宜多种鱼类繁殖的复合型产卵场, 对太湖流域鱼类多样性和渔业资源保护具有重要意义。     

长江中游黄石江段四大家鱼早期资源现状

2015年和2016年每年的5—7月,在长江中游黄石江段对四大家鱼早期资源开展了调查,以了解该江段四大家鱼早期资源及产卵场分布现状。调查期间共采集四大家鱼卵67粒,苗23 948尾,种类以鲢和草鱼为主,分别占四大家鱼卵苗总捕捞数量的77.0%和18.1%。2015年和2016年,估算通过黄石江段的四大家鱼卵径流量分别为0.20×108粒、4.69×108粒,鱼苗径流量分别为19.40×108尾、13.65×108尾。黄石江段四大家鱼产卵场主要分布在团风李家洲、鄂州城区、鄂州戴家洲和黄石道士袱4个江段。与历史资料相比,黄石江段四大家鱼产卵场分布位置没有发生明显的变动。建议开展增殖放流活动,并在航道整治等工程建设中注重保护洲滩等生境。     

长江上游江津江段鱼类早期资源时空分布特征研究

于2009年5—7月对长江上游江津江段卵苗的时空分布进行了调查。结果显示:在5月14日、6月3日及6月9日前后该江段有卵苗汛发生,卵苗的平均密度为9.36 ind/100 m3,最大密度为37.73 ind/100 m3;经威氏符号秩次检验,卵苗密度的昼夜分布没有显著性差异(P>0.05);卵苗密度垂直分布没有显著性差异(P>0.05);在水平分布上,南岸和北岸之间的卵苗密度没有显著性差异(P>0.05),两岸和江中间的卵苗密度均存在极显著性差异(P<0.01)。