虾夷扇贝控温育苗高产技术研究

１９９８年进行了虾夷扇贝控温育苗高产试验。亲贝室内人工暂养促熟,１６℃产卵孵化,１６．５℃幼虫培育,投喂金藻３０１１,８７０１和扁藻,１４天投放附着基,稚贝培育１８天,中间保苗７０天,出苗量达到４２．１９万粒／ｍ＾３。     

采苗器投放水层对虾夷扇贝和紫贻贝附苗的影响

为利用海洋中贝类幼虫资源,优化虾夷扇贝、紫贻贝采苗技术,在旅顺黄海沿岸虾夷扇贝采苗海区投放贝类采苗器,位置距离水面分别为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10 m,共设9组;贝类采苗器投放40 d,观察2~10 m水层虾夷扇贝及紫贻贝附苗数量,研究贝类采苗器投放水层对虾夷扇贝和紫贻贝附苗的影响。结果显示:在设定水深范围内,虾夷扇贝附着数量随着水层深度增加逐渐增多,6 m以下水层虾夷扇贝附着数量多,差异不显著;贻贝附着数量随着水层深度增加而减少,在5 m以上水层附着数量多,差异不显著,5 m以下水层附着数量急剧减少。因此,采集贻贝苗种利用5 m以上水层效果好,尤其是2~3 m水层,如果采集虾夷扇贝苗种可以利用6 m以下水层。     

黄海北部大连沿岸虾夷扇贝天然苗采集技术研究

在调查了2005、2006年黄海北部大连海域虾夷扇贝的繁殖期、浮游幼虫的时空分布的基础上,对虾夷扇贝海区天然采苗进行了研究。结果表明,2005、2006年该区域的獐子岛海域、大长山岛海域、广鹿岛海域养殖的虾夷扇贝的繁殖期在4月初至5月上旬,盛期在4月15～25日。4月上旬至6月中旬,在此区域均可发现大量的虾夷扇贝浮游面盘幼虫,不同区域浮游幼虫密度变化很大。5月底至6月初是面盘幼虫集中的附着变态时期,在海区投放附着袋可进行虾夷扇贝天然苗的采集。从各海区虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫的拖网调查和采苗结果看,在虾夷扇贝主要养殖区獐子岛、大长山岛海域和广鹿岛海域,浮游幼虫在浮游的初始阶段能够形成较高的密度,但在附着阶段密度极低,不能采集到大量苗种,但在远离虾夷扇贝养殖区的大李家湾和凌水湾,浮游幼虫的出现比养殖区晚,在幼虫附着期能达到较高密度。能够采集到大量天然苗种。2005年在凌水湾的采苗数量达526±131个/袋(壳长0.6～1 mm),2006年在大李家湾的采苗数量达673±200个/袋(壳长0.6～1mm)。     

栉孔扇贝（♀）×虾夷扇贝（♂）杂交子代胚后发育过程中遗传构成变化研究

采用RAPD和GISH技术对栉孔扇贝（♀）和虾夷扇贝（♂）杂交子代胚后发育4个重要时期（担轮幼虫期、D形幼虫期、壳顶幼虫期和眼点幼虫期）的遗传构成进行了检测。在RAPD检测中,50条随机引物在亲贝中共扩增出35条栉孔扇贝的特异条带和28条虾夷扇贝特异条带,其中栉孔扇贝特异条带在杂交子代4个时期出现的条数分别为：担轮幼虫期21条、D形幼虫期19条、壳顶幼虫期23条和眼点幼虫期23条;而虾夷扇贝特异条带在杂交子代4个时期出现的条数分别为：17、16、1和1。GISH结果表明,杂交扇贝在担轮幼虫期和D形幼虫期均继承了来自父母本遗传物质,而在壳顶幼虫期和眼点幼虫期未检测到来自父本的遗传物质。结果表明,杂交子代遗传结构在进入壳顶幼虫期时发生重大改变,大部分父本遗传物质从杂交贝基因组中丧失。     

采用聚乙烯风衣作为扇贝育苗附着基的试验

本文报告了采用聚乙烯网衣作为虾夷扇贝,海湾扇贝稚贝附着基的附着效果,对变态幼虫至稚贝斯的生长和成活稚贝及附着期中间育成率等进行了对比试验,结果表明,采用网衣队基变态幼虫附着速度比棕帘慢,变态幼虫至稚贝的附着率及其日生长平均值分别为：采用网衣附着基,虾夷扇贝稚贝附着率为５１．９％,平均日生长为１８．２８μｍ,棕帘为５４％,１９．０μｍ,而海湾扇贝网衣为４９．９８％,２１．４μｍ,棕帘为５９％,２１．     

虾夷扇贝海区采苗技术初步研究

2005—2006年,在大连旅顺沿海进行了虾夷扇贝海区采苗试验。试验结果为:2005年月亮湾海区采苗密度,第1批为231枚/袋,第2批为423枚/袋;2006年月亮湾海区采苗密度为242枚/袋,董砣子海区为456枚/袋。生殖腺指数等调查结果表明,长海县各海区虾夷扇贝开始产卵时间在3月末4月初。虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫附着高峰期出现在5月底。     

采用聚乙烯网衣作为扇贝育苗附着基的试验

本文报告了采用聚乙烯网衣作为虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝稚贝附着基的附着效果。对变态幼虫至稚贝期的生长和成活稚贝及附着期中间育成率等进行了对比试验。结果表明,采用网衣附着基变态幼虫附着速度比棕帘慢,变态幼虫至稚贝的附着率及其日生长平均值分别为：采用网衣附着基,虾夷扇贝稚贝附着率为５１．９％,平均日生长为１８．２８μｍ,棕帘为５４％,１９．０μｍ。而海湾扇贝网衣为４９．９８％,２１．４μｍ,棕帘为５９％,２１．０μｍ。稚贝中间育成率及单位水体出苗量分别为：虾夷扇贝网衣为２０．８％、６９．１７万枚／ｍ３,棕帘为１６．４３％、５８．５７万枚／ｍ３,海湾扇贝网衣为１８．９９％、８８．３万枚／ｍ３,棕帘为１８．３４％、６０．０万枚／ｍ３。     

大连旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫来源调查

旅顺渤海侧沿海没有虾夷扇贝资源,但是每年的5月中旬-6月中旬出现虾夷扇贝幼虫,使该海域形成采苗场.2006-2007年笔者通过在虾夷扇贝主要增养殖海区投放漂流瓶跟踪移动方向,监测浮游幼虫数量及个体大小分布等方法,调查了旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫来源.结果表明,2006年4月30日、2007年4月8日和4月28日,在獐子岛海域投放的漂流瓶,回收率分别为7.5%、14.0%和17.2%,其中在獐子岛至旅顺渤海侧沿海回收的比例分别为6.0%、10.4%和4.0%.2006年4月6日,大钦岛海域投放的漂流瓶,回收率为13.0%,在旅顺渤海侧回收率为0%.獐子岛至旅顺渤海侧沿海设置10～12个站位,调查浮游幼虫数量及个体大小分布,结果表明,进入5月中旬以后随着时间的推移,幼虫向旅顺渤海侧沿海集中,而且大个体幼虫的比例增加.调查结果证明,旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫主要来自黄海北部增养殖海区.     

虾夷扇贝高产育苗技术研究

由于虾夷扇贝育苗一般在１～４月份，正是比较寒冷冬季，室内育苗的成功率较低，由于海水温度较低，海上稚贝的保苗率也很低，有的甚至为零。为此我们近几年在虾夷扇贝育苗中，通过种贝蓄养、幼虫培育、下海保苗等措施入手，探索一套虾夷扇贝稳产高产育苗技术，并于２００１年春在文登市北海综合育苗基地，取得单位水体平均出商品苗近１００万粒（５毫米）的较高记录，取得较好的经济效益，现总结如下：一、材料与方法（一）材料１．虾夷扇贝种贝购于大连长海县海区，２～３龄，大小１０～１６厘米，共２６０个雌贝，２０个雄贝。２．育苗设…     

大竹蛏人工育苗技术(下)

倒池和附着基的投放幼虫发育至眼点幼虫后,采用经60目筛绢网过筛,并用40-50克／米3高锰酸钾消毒后冲洗干净的细沙作为底质附着基,将幼虫倒池至投放好附着基的培育池。施用1～2克／米。青霉素。采用二层底砂床附着培育。     

泥蚶人工育苗及滩涂养成技术研究

通过对泥蚶人工育苗及养成技术生产试验，从饵料、水质、幼虫培育、附着变态、技术、管理措施等方面进行了探讨，取得泥蚶人工育苗生产性突破。共繁育泥蚶苗40．7亿粒，填补了泥蚶工厂化育苗省内空白。     

红鳍东方鲀的人工繁殖试验

采用网箱养殖四年的红鳍东方鲀经过颗粒状的促黄体生成激素释放素(LH-RH)的植埋,促使性腺成熟,再通过注射绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)与大麻哈鱼脑垂体混合液诱导排卵,采卵后进行人工授精,得到红鳍东方鲀受精卵,孵化后得到红鳍东方鲀仔鱼。     

Production of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, from wild-caught and hatchery-produced seed grown at several densities on oyster shells

Abstract. Production of Pacific oysters was studied under pilot-scale conditions in Baynes Sound, British Columbia, using common bottom culture strategies. Four seeding treatments, each with a different seed per cultch density were cultured: wild-caught seed 5mm in shell height at 10 seed per cultch piece and hatchery produced seed 1-2 mm in shell height at densities of 11, 40 and 105 per cultch piece. The cultch material for all treatments was Pacific oyster shell. All seed was reared for approximately 1 year in a seed nursery located at the 2.2-m tidal level then transferred to a 1-m tidal level grow-out plot until harvest 4 years later in May 1988, Clusters of large numbers of oysters were separated and evenly distributed within the plots when the oysters attained a shell height of 60-100 mm. During the first year, growth was slow and mortalities were relatively high. All treatments produced oysters of similar size at harvest. The proportion surviving at harvest was substantially higher for the wild oysters which were initially larger at time of planting. Within the hatchery treatments proportional survival per cultch piece was inversely related to initial density on the shell; however, total production per cultch piece was positively related to initial density. Most efficient use of seed is attained at lower densities per shell; however, most efficient use of cultch and effort to handle cultch is attained at high densities.     

青蛤生产性育苗及中间培育技术研究

为解决青蛤养殖生产所需苗种,在借鉴泥蚶生产性育苗技术基础上,重点突破了青蛤亲贝强化培育与人工催产技术,幼虫饵料单胞藻培育技术,青蛤苗种中间培育与清涂除害技术,系统掌握生产性育苗及中间培育技术,实现了青蛤苗种的规模化生产。2003～2005年累计培育平均壳高2mm的稚贝74．574亿粒,经中间培育后出池商品仔贝49．842亿粒,中间培育成活率达到66．84%。生产性育苗净利润163．82万元,中间培育总利润776万元,平均每平方千米获利15 089元。     

南方大口鲶苗种培育影响因素初步分析

在１０个面积均为１５ｍ＾２的实验池中，分三批放养全长６－９ｍｍ的南方大口鲶鱼苗共４．１５２万尾，经４０－５０天培育，获全长６－８ｃｍ的鱼种２．３２５万尾，出池率５６％，还结合生产情况及室内实验结果，分析了水温、放养密度及饵料对苗种成活和生长的影响，拟合了苗种体重与全长，日龄与全长及日均增长率的回归关系。     

Complete Larval Development of the Fresh Water Prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii in Cameroon

The African River prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii is the largest of the local Palaemonidae prawns along the Cameroonian coast and an important target species for fisheries and aquaculture. A preliminary study on larviculture of this species was carried out at the IRAD-AQUASOL hatchery in Kribi, Cameroon. Berried females M. vollenhovenii were obtained from the Lobe and Lokoundje Rivers in the Southern Region, typical Lower Guinea rainforest streams. The larval rearing system consisted of a single recirculation system of four 65 L cylindrical plastic containers connected to a submerged biological filter container (65 L). Experiments were conducted three times in the same condition, with two batches of larvae reared separately in duplicate per experiment, at a density of 40/L, temperature 26°C, and salinity 16%. Larvae were fed from 1 day after hatching until metamorphosis to postlarvae (PL) with newly hatched Artemia nauplii, three times daily at the rate of 5 nauplii per mL water. The number of newly hatched larvae per female body weight unit was not affected by the female size and ranged between 531 to 1349 larvae g^?1. The six batches succeeded from hatching to metamorphosis, and the 11 distinct larval stages described for M. rosenbergii were found. Larvae in all the batches developed more or less at the same pace up to stage V. However, a clear difference in the timing of appearance of the developmental stages was observed between batches and individuals of the same batch during the subsequent stages. The transition from stage V to stage VI and from stage IX to stage X was longer than the passage to other stages and seems to be the critical rearing period of M. vollenhovenii. From day 20 onward to sampling, the larval stage index (LSI) showed that larval development of the batch 1 was significantly faster than for all other batches. The time for first appearance of postlarvae was variable between batches (41–74 days), and batch 1 larvae passed through metamorphosis within a shorter span of time (41 days). Survival up to postlarvae was variable among batches, ranging between 3%–9%, and was better in batch 1 (9.31 ± 1.09). The general poor performance in terms of survival and metamorphosis rates of larvae seems to be related to the wild condition of broodstock. To improve performance of larvae, domestication of stock may be necessary. This result is the first recorded success in larviculture of M. vollenhovenii in Cameroon.     

A comparison of larval production of the northern scallop,Argopecten purpuratus,in closed and recirculating culture systems

Northern scallop Argopecten purpuratus aquaculture relies on an efficient all year-round larval supply. Larvae are generally produced in closed aquaculture systems (CAS) using the batch techniques with periodical water changes. For instance, survival rates are greatly variable and can range from 0 to 80% making production of scallop larvae uncertain. The main goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of rearing scallop larvae in a recirculating aquacultural system (RAS), and secondarily to compare scallop larval growth rate and time length to reach the settling stage when reared with a traditional Chilean CAS technique and in a novel RAS technique in an industrial-like approach.Several batches of larvae were cultured in CAS and RAS. Larvae were fed on Isochrysis galbana cultured in 35-L tubular photobioreactors. Growth rates were significantly different (F_11,2840 = 274.66; p < 0.001). All scallop larvae cultured in CAS showed lower growth rates ranging within 4.49 and 7.30 μm day^?1 and protracted period of culture until settlement (at least 10 more culture days) than those reared in RAS (growth rates between 9.56 and 13.15 μm day^?1). However, final survival (from D-larvae until settlement) of larvae reared in CAS showed higher values than those values recorded for larvae cultured on RAS. Higher growth rates observed in RAS could be attributed to a reduction in daily manipulation of the animals and/or more feed availability as well as higher temperatures and a steady state conditions in water quality. Even though, the reduction in time for rearing larvae until settlement in RAS was high, the comparison between systems is more significant in view of the reduction in make up seawater from 100% of system volume (CAS) to less than 10% of system volume (RAS). Therefore, RAS was independent from daily water quality variation from natural seawater by increasing water retention time, and with that improve water quality steady state conditions. Results of this research show that a more efficient use of water and heating systems than generally used in the Chilean hatchery industry is achievable. This is an important result since it could lead to significant reductions in the cost of operating a scallop hatchery, however further work is required to accurately compare the two systems (CAS and RAS). The main result from this research is that scallop larvae can be cultivated using recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) as a method to increase production. The information reported in this paper will be useful for the improvement of scallop larvae culture techniques under controlled conditions.     

泥蚶工厂化育壮苗技术研究

利用普通扇贝育苗场进行泥工厂化育苗壮苗试验，亲蚶在室内丰饵能、成熟后自然排放，采卵孵化。幼虫、稚贝以叉鞭金藻、小球藻为饵料。以筛滤的滩泥作附着基，每天换水放干氏，定期换泥洗苗。１９９６年在底面积４８０ｍ＾２水泥池中，育出平均壳长１．０９ｍｍ的蚶苗１６５３９万粒。１９９６年１１月专家鉴定认为，技术水平居国内领先。     

4-碘苯氧乙酸在海带夏苗培育中的应用

本文报道了4-碘苯氧乙酸(4-IPOAA)在海带夏苗培育中应用的试验结果。4-IPOAA对海带配子体和幼孢子体的生长发育有着明显的影响，高剂量的4-IPOAA(500mg／L)对配子体的发育有明显的抑制作用；解除4-IPOAA对配子体的抑制，配子体在短期内即能正常排卵、排精并受精形成孢子体；低浓度的4-IPOAA（25mg／L以下)能促进幼孢子体的生长。这项试验结果表明，有可能利用4-IPOAA对配子体的抑制特性，来改进目前所采用的低温、自然光条件下培育海带夏苗的工艺。作者建议把海带夏苗培育工艺改为以下步骤：(1)在常温下采苗；(2)在18℃以下水温条件下培育配子体；(3)在配子体成熟前用4-IPOAA处理，使其停止发育，在较高水温(20℃左右)条件下静水培养被抑制的配子体；(4)在计划夏苗出库前40—50天，解除4-IPOAA对配子体的抑制，恢复最适条件下流水培育；(5)肉眼见苗后及时下海暂养。     

细角滨对虾全人工繁育技术试验

通过对细角滨对虾的人工繁育试验,总结其人工繁殖和幼体培育技术；阐述了亲虾培育、暂养促熟,育苗水质管理及生产中的操作方法；讨论了细角滨对虾的繁殖特点,水环境与亲虾繁殖的关系,实行生态育苗的必要性等。