饲料维生素E添加量对花鲈生长、组织中维生素E积累量

采用单因子试验设计方法，进行了饲料中添加维生素E对花鲈生长（增重率、存活率、特定生长率、饲料效率）、组织中维生素E积累量和免疫指标（血清中溶菌酶活性和总补体活性）影响的研究，设计了5个不同维生素E水平（0.6、24.7、49.0、98.8、198.2 mg•kg-1）的等氮等能饲料，对花鲈进行为期8周的生长实验，每个水平含3个重复，每个养殖单元放养初始体重为10.1g左右的花鲈20尾。饲养试验在海水网箱（1.5×1.0×1.0 m)中进行。结果表明：饲料中未添加维生素E组的增重率、饲料效率、特定生长率以及存活率显著低于维生素E添加组，随着饲料中维生素E添加量由0.6提高到49.0 mg•kg-1时，花鲈的增重率和特定生长率显著提高，以增重率和特定生长率为指标，花鲈最佳生长性能的饲料维生素E添加量为60.5 mg•kg-1左右；对鱼体生物学指标的分析表明，饲料中维生素E添加量达到49 mg•kg-1时能显著影响鱼体的肝体比指数，鱼体水分、粗脂肪不受饲料中维生素E添加水平的影响,然而对鱼体粗蛋白含量的影响显著；随着饲料中维生素E添加量由0.6提高到49.0 mg•kg-1时，花鲈肌肉和肝脏中维生素E的积累量显著升高，但当维生素E添加量达到49.0 mg•kg-1后，肌肉和肝脏中维生素E的积累量变化不显著；饲料中未添加维生素E组的花鲈血清溶菌酶和总补体活性显著低于维生素E添加组，花鲈血清溶菌酶和总补体活性随着维生素E添加量的增加而显著升高，饲料维生素E添加量达到98.8 mg•kg-1时，血清溶菌酶和总补体活性较高。综上所述，花鲈生长和免疫的维生素E适宜添加量为60.5～98.8 mg•kg-1左右。     

饲料维生素E含量对美国红鱼生长和非特异性免疫的影响

采用单因子实验设计方法，进行了饲料中添加维生素E对美国红鱼生长（存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率）和非特异性免疫相关指标（血清中溶菌酶活性、血清总补体活性和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性）影响的研究，设计了5个不同维生素E水平（0．1、25．3、51．0、102．8和203．2mg／kg）的等氮等能饲料，对美国红鱼进行为期56d的生长实验，每个水平3个重复，每个养殖单元放养初始体重为151g左右的美国红鱼20尾。饲养实验在海水网箱（1．5m×1．0m×1．0m）中进行。结果表明，随着饲料维生素E含量增加，美国红鱼饲料效率、特定生长率和成活率显著提高，美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料维生素E添加量为102．8mg／kg；美国红鱼血清溶菌酶和血清总补体活性随着维生素E的添加量的增加而显著升高，并且维生素E的添加量达到最高值102．8和25．3mg／kg，随后变化不明显；美国红鱼血清SOD活性随维生素E添加量的增加而显著升高，并且含量在102．8mg／kg达到最高值，随后显著下降。综上所述，美国红鱼维生素E的适宜添加量为102．8mg／kg。     

饲料维生素E水平对云纹石斑鱼幼鱼生长、营养及免疫指标的影响

以初始体重(15.58±0.22)g的云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)为研究对象,设置5种不同维生素E水平(11.09 mg·kg-1、47.52 mg·kg-1、91.38 mg·kg-1、134.57 mg·kg-1、178.92 mg·kg-1)的等氮等能饲料,对云纹石斑鱼进行56 d的饲育实验,探讨饲料维生素E水平对该鱼生长、营养性能及血清免疫指标的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加维生素E对云纹石斑鱼幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率的作用明显,饲料维生素E在149.59 mg·kg-1左右时云纹石斑鱼的增重率较高;云纹石斑鱼组织中维生素E积累量与饲料中维生素E添加水平呈正比,但饲料维生素E水平超过91.38 mg·kg-1时鱼体组织中维生素E积累量不随饲料维生素E水平添加而显著升高,饲料维生素E水平在139.68 mg·kg-1时云纹石斑鱼具有较高的肝脏维生素E积累量;饲料维生素E水平对云纹石斑鱼血清中免疫球蛋白M和溶菌酶活性的影响显著。综合增重率、肝脏维生素E积累量和免疫指标,云纹石斑鱼饲料维生素E适宜添加水平为139.68~149.59 mg·kg-1。     

饲料中不同维生素E添加量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能及免疫功能的影响

本研究探讨了饲料中不同维生素E添加量对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长和免疫的影响。在以鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加0mg/kg(对照组)、25mg/kg、75mg/kg、125mg/kg和175mg/kg的维生素E配成5种实验饲料。在水温(24.0±3.0)℃下,用上述实验饲料分别饲喂平均体质量约为5.1g的黄颡鱼幼鱼50d。实验结果表明,饲料中维生素E的添加量对黄颡鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率的影响不显著(P0.05);而添加量为175mg/kg时,黄颡鱼摄食率显著降低(P0.05);随着饲料中维生素E添加量的增高,黄颡鱼血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性未产生显著变化(P0.05);添加量为125mg/kg和175mg/kg时,血浆中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低(P0.05);白细胞吞噬指数随添加量升高显著上升(P0.05),而吞噬百分率没有显著变化(P0.05)。综合以上结果,饲料中添加适量的维生素E可适当改善黄颡鱼的摄食,增强黄颡鱼的非特异性免疫力和抗氧化能力,从而提高动物的健康状况。推荐在黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中添加125mg/kg的维生素E。     

维生素C对泥鳅幼鱼生长和免疫的影响

水温21~26℃下,分别在基础饲料中添加不同含量的维生素C(以抗坏血酸多聚磷酸酯为维生素C源,添加量分别为0、50、120、240、360、500mg/kg),研究维生素C对(1.996±0.176)g泥鳅幼鱼的影响。试验结果表明,随着维生素C添加量的增加,泥鳅幼鱼的特定生长率呈现先升后降趋势,并在添加量为132.2mg/kg时达到最高值,显著高于其他几个试验组(P0.05)。组织和肌肉中的维生素C积累量随着饲料中维生素C添加量的增加呈先升后降趋势,在132.2mg/kg时和248.8mg/kg时分别达到最高。随着饲料中维生素C含量的增加,溶菌酶活性也呈现出先升后降趋势,在362.6mg/kg时达到最高,显著高于其他组(P0.05);血清总抗氧化能力呈上升趋势,以特定生长率和血清溶菌酶含量为指标,做折线模型回归分析最终求得泥鳅幼鱼饲料中维生素C的最适添加量分别为95mg/kg和423.3mg/kg。     

饲料羟基蛋氨酸钙、DL-蛋氨酸对花鲈生长、抗氧化能力及肠道蛋白酶活性的影响

本实验研究了饲料羟基蛋氨酸钙(MHA)与DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)对花鲈生长、抗氧化能力及肠道蛋白酶活性的影响,旨在比较两种外源蛋氨酸的生物效价及在饲料中适宜的蛋氨酸添加水平。饲料中添加外源蛋氨酸有效含量为0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的MHA或DLM,配制9种实验饲料(对照组、MHA 0.2、MHA 0.4、MHA 0.6、MHA 0.8、DLM 0.2、DLM 0.4、DLM 0.6和DLM 0.8)。用该9种饲料分别投喂初始体质量为(5.67±0.05)g的花鲈8周后,采集样品进行分析。结果显示,蛋氨酸形式与水平均显著影响鱼体增重率、特定生长率,随饲料蛋氨酸水平的增加,鱼体增重率呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在蛋氨酸添加量为0.6%时达到最大值;此外,羟基蛋氨酸钙组鱼体增重率均高于同水平DL-蛋氨酸组。蛋氨酸水平显著影响饲料系数与鱼体组成,饲料系数与鱼体粗脂肪含量随蛋氨酸水平升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势,而粗蛋白与此相反,水分与灰分则差异不显著。随蛋氨酸水平的升高,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与对照组相比呈升高的趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,而还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)与之相反。随蛋氨酸水平的升高,血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的含量先降低后升高,胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性与对照组相比呈降低的趋势。蛋氨酸添加组溶菌酶(LZM)的活性显著高于对照组。随饲料蛋氨酸水平的增加,肠道蛋白酶活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在0.6%添加量时达到最高。研究表明,饲料添加外源蛋氨酸会显著促进花鲈的生长,其中添加0.6%水平的蛋氨酸,花鲈的增重率和特定生长率最高;对特定生长率与饲料蛋氨酸水平进行回归分析,得出花鲈饲料适宜的蛋氨酸水平为1.57%;以特定生长率为评价指标,羟基蛋氨酸钙的生物学效价为DL-蛋氨酸的134.15%;添加外源蛋氨酸可以提高花鲈肝脏抗氧化能力,有利于鱼体的肝脏健康。     

云芝多糖对奥尼罗非鱼生长、血清溶菌酶活性和补体活性的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg、1.5 g/kg、2.0 g/kg、2.5 g/kg的云芝多糖,饲喂(9.0±1.0)g奥尼罗非鱼(rom is niloticus×O.aureus)56 d后,测定罗非鱼增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、血清溶菌酶活性和血清补体替代途径溶血(ACH50)活力。结果表明:添加量为0.5 g/kg时,试验组罗非鱼增重率和特定生长率显著增高,饵料系数显著降低;添加量为1.0 g/kg时,血清溶菌酶和ACH50活性达到最高,但与对照组差异不显著,而添加量为2.5 g/kg组的血清溶菌酶活性显著低于对照组。     

硒和维生素E对牙鲆生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加维生素E(VE)(60mg/kg标为e或300mg/kg标为E)和硒(Se)(0mg/kg标为s或2.5mg/kg标为S),制成4种试验饲料(s/e,s/E,S/e,S/E)分别饲喂初始体重为38.5±0.15g的牙鲆70d,观察其对生长性能、肝脏及血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、非特异免疫力以及抗病力的影响。结果表明,饲喂添加高剂量VE的两组饲料(s/E,S/E),牙鲆的特定生长率和吞噬率明显地提高(P0.05)。饲喂添加硒的两组饲料(S/e,S/E),牙鲆血液和肝脏的GSH-Px活性显著升高(P0.05)。70d投喂实验结束后,利用鳗弧菌进行攻毒试验,不添加硒和低剂量VE(s/e)使牙鲆的累积死亡率明显高于其他3组。     

饲料中不同维生素A含量对花鲈生长和血清生化指标的影响

以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,糊精为糖源并添加氨基酸混合物配制精制基础饲料,通过向基础饲料中添加维生素A醋酸酯使饲料中的维生素A含量达到0、1 000、2 000、4 000、8 000和16 000 IU/kg(实测含量为245、1 005、1 835、3 781、7 583和15 273 IU/kg),配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料(饲料1～6).以花鲈为实验对象,在室内流水系统中进行为期9周的生长实验,探讨精制饲料中不同维生素A含量对花鲈生长和血清学生化指标的影响.结果表明:摄食不添加维生素A组(饲料1)饲料的花鲈在养殖后期表现出较高的死亡率,并出现眼球浮肿、膨胀、鳍基充血以及鳃盖扭曲等维生素A缺乏症,而在其他维生素A添加组(饲料2～6)并未出现类似症状.体成分分析表明:饲料中不同维生素A含量会显著增加花鲈体脂肪含量,但对蛋白质和水分的含量没有显著影响.对花鲈血清指标分析表明:饲料添加维生素A含量会显著增加花鲈血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)含量,但显著降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活力.采用折线模型,当以增重率为评价指标时,花鲈对饲料中维生素A的需求量为1 934.8 IU/kg;当以肝脏维生素A含量为评价指标时,花鲈对饲料中维生素A的需求量为3 546.6 IU/kg.     

维生素E及脂肪源对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响

在大菱鲆饲料中分别添加鲤鱼鱼油及花生油作脂肪源,每种脂肪中添加两个水平的维生素E（8mg／kg和300mg／kg维生素E醋酸酯）,饲养大菱鲆84d,探讨其对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响。结果发现,（1）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆血清补体活性,而以花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆血清补体活性;（2）以鲤鱼鱼油和花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆中性粒细胞的吞噬率及白细胞总数;（3）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆的溶茵酶活性,但随着时间推移其影响减弱;（4）饲喂n-3HUFA含量高的饲料,对大菱鲆腹水病的抵抗能力高于n-3HUFA含量低的饲料。     

水产动物的维生素E营养研究进展

维生素E(VE)是水产动物营养和饲料中最重要的维生素之一。它与水产动物机体的代谢、抗氧化功能、免疫功能、抗病力、繁殖功能密切相关。综述了维生素E在水产动物中的生理功能、缺乏症、需要量及存在问题。     

Dietary vitamin E requirement of the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to establish the minimum dietary vitamin E requirement of juvenile red drum by broken-line regression analysis. The semi-purified basal diet was supplemented with 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 or 80 IU vitamin E kg⁻¹ as all-rac -α-tocopheryl acetate. Juvenile red drum were conditioned by feeding the basal diet for 8 weeks prior to the feeding trial to reduce whole-body vitamin E levels. Then, fish initially averaging 12.2 ± 0.4 g fish⁻¹ (mean ± SD) were fed the experimental diets at a rate approaching apparent satiation for 12 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency responses of fish fed diets were significantly ( P  < 0.01) altered by the level of vitamin E supplementation but not strictly in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin E concentrations in liver and plasma also were significantly ( P  < 0.001) influenced by dietary vitamin E level. Plasma ascorbic acid in fish fed the basal diet tended ( P  = 0.066) to be lower than in fish fed diets containing the various levels of vitamin E. In addition, fish fed the basal diet showed edema in the heart, while fish fed all other diets were normal. Fish fed 60 or 80 IU all-rac -α-tocopheryl acetate kg⁻¹ diet had significantly higher respiratory burst of head kidney macrophages than fish fed all other diets, although dietary effects on hematocrit and neutrophil oxidative radical production were not significant. The minimum dietary vitamin E requirement of juvenile red drum was established based on broken-line regression of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances to be 31 mg all-rac -α-tocopheryl acetate kg⁻¹ diet.     

Requirement of vitamin E of growing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

This feeding trial was conducted to determine the vitamin E requirement of growing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of vitamin E (6.7, 81.2, 159.3, 237.8, 314.6, 395.9 mg/kg diet). Each diet was assigned randomly to 30 growing sea cucumber with initial body weight 15.43 g in triplicates for 8 weeks. Survival rate was not affected by dietary vitamin E; meanwhile, both the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate were presented the trend of increasing first and then kept stable. With the increasing of dietary vitamin E, crude lipid content of body wall was evaluated firstly and dropped afterwards. When dietary vitamin E contents were lower than 159.3 mg/kg, vitamin E contents of body wall were increased by dietary vitamin E levels, but there were no more differences when dietary vitamin E higher than 159.3 mg/kg. There were minor effects on digestive enzymes of intestine by dietary vitamin E. Contents of malondialdehyde were decreased, while the total superoxide dismutase activity was increased first and then decreased with the increasing of dietary vitamin E. Activities of intestinal alkaline phosphatase were increased, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were decreased first and then increased with the increasing of dietary vitamin E. In conclusion, analysis by a linear regression equation of WG or vitamin E contents in body wall indicated that the optimum requirement of vitamin E for growing sea cucumber (initial body weight 15.43 g) was 165.2–187.2 mg/kg diet.     

Comparison of pathological changes due to deficiency of vitamin C, vitamin E and combinations of vitamins C and E in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)

Abstract. Young rainbow trout were fed diets containing different combinations of ascorbyl-monophosphatc (vitamin C) and all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) for 31 weeks. The fish fed a diet deficient in both vitamins exhibited a high mortality and were anaemic after 8–12 weeks. Histopathological examination revealed a severe muscular dystrophy and splenic haemosiderosis. Fish fed a diet deficient in vitamin C but high in vitamin E developed the typical signs of vitamin C deficiency after 16–20 weeks, including reduced growth rate, haemorrhages and gill alterations as well as severe deformations and fractures of the vertebral column. A diet deficient in vitamin E but high in vitamin C led to splenic haemosiderosis after 20 weeks. At the end of the experiment, this group showed significantly decreased haematocrit, haemoglobin content and red blood cell numbers and increased spontaneous erythrocytc haemolysis. In a second experiment, older fish of the same origin were fed diets containing high or low levels of ascorbyl-monophosphatc and all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, respectively, for 23 weeks. The results were qualitatively the same as in the first experiment, but the onset of mortality in fish fed the diet deficient in both vitamins occurred later (weeks 18–23) and deformations of the vertebral column were absent. Haematocrit, haemoglobin content and red blood cell numbers were significantly decreased in the group fed the diet deficient in both vitamins and crythrocyte haemolysis was increased in both groups receiving a vitamin E free diet, the diet deficient in both vitamins having a more pronounced effect. The results of these two experiments indicate that there is an interrelation between vitamins C and E in rainbow trout. Possible mechanisms are discussed.     

Metabolism,interactions, requirements and functions of vitamin E in fish

Vitamin E is a generic term for a group of lipid‐soluble molecules, the tocopherols and tocotrienols, which have a function in the protection of organisms against lipid oxidation and which also may have other, more specific biological functions. In fish, as in other vertebrates, α‐tocopherol (TOH) is preferentially retained in the body compared to the other tocopherols, probably because of the presence of a tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) in the liver which binds the tocopherols with different affinities and returns them to the circulation. Tocopherols that bind weakly to TTP are to a greater extent excreted in the bile. α‐TOH interacts with other nutrients, and the requirement therefore varies with the dietary composition. High levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and low levels of vitamin C, selenium and astaxanthin increase the requirement. This is attributed to the dynamic nature of both lipid oxidation and the antioxidant defence, where oxidized vitamin E is recycled by other antioxidants. The interactions also determine the display of vitamin E deficiency signs, immune responses and effects on flesh quality. Within the mammalian nutrition research community, there is a controversy as to whether vitamin E is primarily an antioxidant or a specific modulator of cell signalling through regulation of enzyme activities and gene expression and some of the hypotheses are presented in this review.     

Effects of graded levels of dietary vitamin E on striped surubim Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum

Vitamin E is important to animal health, growth, productive performance, fillet quality and immune systems. This study evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin E on flesh composition, growth, biochemical and immunological parameters of striped surubim, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum. Prior to beginning of the feeding trial, fish were fed a vitamin E‐free control diet for 45 days to reduce body deposits. The trial was set up in a completely randomized design; diets containing 3.4; 28.4; 53.4; 103.4; 153.4 and 303.4 mg DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate per kg of ration (n = 3) were fed twice a day to apparent satiation, for 90 days. Juvenile striped surubim (38.1 ± 4.9 g and 17.5 ± 1.5 cm) randomly stocked in 18 plastic tanks (300 L; 10 fish per tank). Based on serum globulin content and liver and fillet deposition of vitamin E, inclusion of 166.6 mg/kg of DL‐alpha tocopherol acetate in the diet is recommended to improve the immunological status and, probably, flesh quality of striped surubim.     

Dietary vitamin C and E supplementation and reproduction of milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskal

Milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskal broodstock (11 years old, average body weight 5.23–5.73 kg) reared in 10‐m‐diameter by 3‐m‐deep floating net cages (31–36 fish per cage) at SEAFDEC AQD's Igang Marine Substation in Guimaras Island, central Philippines, were fed daily at 3% of total body weight formulated diets (36% protein, 7–8% lipid) supplemented with 0.1% vitamin C, 0.05% vitamin E, both vitamin C and E or no vitamin supplementation (control) for 3 years. Reproductive performance was assessed in an attempt to determine the optimum nutrition for successful spawning of milkfish. The total egg production, mean number of eggs per spawning, number of spawns and mean egg diameter were not affected by dietary vitamin C and E supplementation. However, broodstock given dietary supplementation of vitamin C alone or in combination with vitamin E had a higher percentage of spawns with higher (> 90%) percentage egg viability, hatching and cumulative survival rate than those of the control. Broodstock given dietary vitamin E supplementation alone had few spawns, which made the results difficult to analyse. The results confirm the essentiality of vitamin C supplementation in producing more spawns with good egg and larval quality. The production of an adequate volume of good quality eggs and larvae to support hatchery operation is necessary to offset the huge investment in broodstock development, as it takes at least 5 years for milkfish to attain sexual maturation and spawning.     

维生素E、C和HUFA交互作用对中华绒螯蟹生殖性能的影响

通过投喂添加或不添加VE、VC和HUFA的四组实验饲料,经198d饲养实验,以雌蟹的性腺系数、产卵力、孵化率、各组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量等为指标,研究这两类营养素交互作用对其生殖性能的影响。结果表明,VE、VC和HUFA对雌蟹生殖性能有显著的影响(P<0.05):在产卵力方面,1组为3790个卵细胞·g-1体重,极显著高于2组(为2317个卵细胞·g-1体重)和3组(为2129个卵细胞·g-1体重)(P<0.01),显著高于4组(为3050个卵细胞·g-1体重)和5组(对照组)(为3010个卵细胞·g-1体重)(P<0.05);而孵化率方面,1组(86.17%)极显著高于2组(36.06%)、3组(29.18%)和4组(25.73%)(P<0.01),也显著高于5组(71.12%)(P<0.05)。1组和2组雌蟹性腺中SOD活性分别为40.09Nu·mL-1和39.87Nu·mL-1,相应地,MDA含量分别为6.87nmol·mL-1和3.33nmol·mL-1;而3组和4组雌蟹,尽管其性腺中SOD活性较高,分别为79.21Nu·mL-1和85.2Nu·mL-1,但由于饲料中抗氧化性VE、VC的缺乏,导致脂质过氧化发生,其MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05),分别为12.65nmol·mL-1和25.18nmol·mL-1。4组雌蟹的产卵力较大,但因VE、VC的缺乏发生脂质过氧化,导致所产的卵质低下,从而影响了卵子的孵化率。结果表明,VE、VC和HUFA都是河蟹保持良好的生殖性能的必需营     

Influence of glutamine and vitamin E on growth and antioxidant capacity of fish enterocytes

The present study explored the effect of glutamine and vitamin E on growth and anti-oxidation capacity of isolated fish enterocytes. Fish enterocytes were cultured with six medium, respectively, containing 0, 2.0, 4.7, 6.8, 8.1, 9.2 mmol L⁻¹ glutamine for 64 h. The results showed that glutamine could promote fish enterocytes proliferation and differentiation. Fish enterocytes were cultured with different medium containing 0, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 6.0, 7.0 μg mL⁻¹ vitamin E for 96 h. The results showed that cells proliferation and differentiation were not significantly enhanced, but anti-superoxide anion activity, anti-hydroxy radical activity, reduced glutathione concentration, the ratio between reduced and total glutathione in the cells were significantly enhanced, and the malondialdehyde concentration in the culture medium was significantly depressed with the vitamin E treatment. In the whole, the present results firstly indicated that glutamine could promote fish enterocytes growth, but vitamin E could not. Vitamin E could promote fish enterocytes antioxidant capacity and cellular structural integrity. These data would be instructive for glutamine and vitamin E supplement in aquaculture diets.     

幼鳖饲料中添加维生素E的试验

在幼鳖饲料中添加维生素E ,分A、B两个试验组和对照C组 ,试验组维生素E添加水平分别为 5 0× 10 -6和 15 0× 10 -6,对照组投喂常规维生素E水平的品牌饲料。经过 5 3d的试验 ,结果表明维生素E的添加有利于提高幼鳖的免疫力和抗病力 ;也有利于提高幼鳖的饲料效率和生长速度。根据试验结果 ,甲鱼饲料中的维生素E添加量应不低于 15 0× 10 -6。