共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
养殖水体富营养化及其防治 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
由于缺乏水生态系统保护意识、片面强调养殖强度的增加和养殖规模的扩大,一些养殖水体出现富营养化,导致养殖效益下降、生态系统退化.分析了养殖水体富营养化的形成和原因,阐述了富营养化的危害,针对养殖水体富营养化的形成原因提出一些防治措施,包括物理、化学、生物以及其它防治方法. 相似文献
2.
养殖水体富营养化是现今凡纳滨对虾养殖面临的问题,水体富营养化主要是养殖环境中浮游植物过量生长,深层次的原因是对虾养殖中过量的投饵及高密度的养殖模式等导致水体中氮、磷等元素含量增高,产生一些对对虾有害的水质因子。 相似文献
3.
生物操纵法对养殖水体富营养化防治的探讨 总被引:28,自引:1,他引:28
养殖水体的富营养化无论对海水养殖还是淡水养殖都是一个不可忽视的问题。水体富营养化防治的措施过去都集中在理化方法和工程措施。本文初步探讨了利用生物操纵的方法,即从生态系统结构和功能的调整来进行治理,并对此项技术在我国的应用前景做了可行性分析。 相似文献
4.
5.
合理进行营养调控 缓解养殖水体富营养化 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
水体的富营养化是指水体接纳过量的氮、磷等营养性物质,使藻类及其它水生生物异常繁殖,水体透明度和溶氧量下降,水质逐渐恶化,水生态系统和水功能受到阻碍和破坏。水体富营养化的发生需要具备3个条件:1)水体中氮、磷元素的含量过高;2)水体的流动性较差;3)温度条件适宜。养殖水体多是静水或半静水水体,而且温度适宜,水产动物的排泄物和残饵造成水体中氮、磷元素大量积累,很容易发生富营养化。随着水产养殖规模的扩大,养殖水体的富营养化现象日趋严重。 相似文献
6.
7.
随着养殖技术的不断发展,池塘养殖密度在不断地增大,对水体的投入也在增加,当水体超过负载能力时,易造成水体富营养化和水体环境恶化,在富营养化水体中,浮游植物群落发生了以甲藻和硅藻 相似文献
8.
在小水体精养中,由于饵料、药物的频繁施加使养殖水体逐渐富营养化,水质恶化日益严重,继而造成养殖特色品种的质量下降,于是,人们转向了大中水域的特色养殖。目前一些水库由于人为因素,鱼、虾、蟹类等生物数量在减少,浮游生物过量繁殖,破坏了生物链和水体的生态平衡,水体富营养化而使水质恶化。为了走出目前这种困境,我们在生产实践中利用石家庄市境内具有代表性的两座水库,开辟了一条在北方进行特色无公害化养殖的新路。不仅取得了显著的经济效益,而且赢得了较大的生态效益和社会效益。现将具体情况介绍如下。 相似文献
9.
10.
近年来,我国海水养殖业发展迅速,但随之带来的养殖动物的排泄物和残饵等已成为养殖海域的重要污染源,是导致养殖区水体富营养化的重要原因。富营养化海水可引发赤潮和养殖动物病害,给养殖业带来巨大损失。海带、羊栖菜等大型海藻在生长过程中可大量吸收C、N、P等营养素,释放氧气,被广泛应用于鱼、虾和贝类等的综合养殖系统中,是控制水体富营养化、增进食品安全和对污染水体进行生物修复的有效措施之一。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Alhambra Martínez Cubillo João Gomes Ferreira Christopher Michael Pearce Robert Marshall Dan Cheney Bobbi Hudson 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(6):1427-1443
Provisioning and regulatory ecosystem services of Pacific geoduck clam (Panopea generosa) culture were simulated for an intertidal shellfish farm in Eld Inlet, South Puget Sound, Washington, USA. An individual geoduck clam growth model was developed, based on a well-established framework for modeling bivalve growth and environmental effects (AquaShell?). Geoduck growth performance was then validated and calibrated for the commercial farm. The individual model was incorporated into the Farm Aquaculture Resource Management (FARM) model to simulate the production cycle, economic performance, and environmental effects of intertidal geoduck culture. Both the individual and farm-scale models were implemented using object-oriented programming. The FARM model was then used to evaluate the test farm with respect to its role in reducing eutrophication symptoms, by applying the Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) model. Farm production of 17.3 t of clams per 5-year culture cycle is well reproduced by the model (14.4 t). At the current culture density of 21 ind m?2, geoduck farming at the Eld Inlet farm (area: 2684 m2) provides an annual ecosystem service corresponding to 45 Population-Equivalents (PEQ, i.e. loading from humans or equivalent loading from agriculture or industry) in top-down control of eutrophication symptoms. This represents a potential nutrient-credit trading value of over USD 1850 per year, which would add 1.48% to the annual profit (USD 124,900) from the clam sales (i.e. the provisioning service). A scaling exercise applied to the whole of Puget Sound estimated that cultured geoducks provide a significant ecosystem service, of the order of 11,462 PEQ per year (about USD 470,600) in removing primary symptoms of eutrophication, at the level of the whole water body. The modeling tools applied in this study can be used to address both the positive and negative externalities/impacts of shellfish aquaculture practices in the ecosystem and thus the trade-offs of the activity. 相似文献
17.
Jens Kjerulf Petersen Camille Saurel Pernille Nielsen Karen Timmermann 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(3):857-878
Effects of excess loading of nutrients to the marine environment can be mitigated by mussel cultures, basically through nutrient removal from the marine environment when shellfish are harvested. Shellfish farming also provide other goods and services to the marine environment primarily through the impact on water transparency caused by shellfish filtration. There is an increasing awareness of the mitigation potential in mussel culture in relation to eutrophication, but so far practical examples of culture on full scale devoted to mitigation are few. Further, impact of mussel farming on nutrient cycling, e.g. in the sediments below the culture units, has raised concerns. In this review, we clarify concepts in relation to nutrient mitigation and discuss goods and services delivered by mussel mitigation cultures and their impact on an ecosystem scale based primarily on results from studies in heavily eutrofied estuaries. A multi-criteria approach for site selection is presented based on experiences from Danish waters, and economic aspects of mitigation cultures are analysed in relation to use of the produced mitigation mussels. Future perspectives for extractive cultures are discussed in relation to source of excess nutrients. 相似文献
18.
史氏鲟南移驯养及生物学的研究: Ⅳ.稚鱼期小瓜虫病的治疗 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在史氏鲟的南移驯养过程中, 其仔稚鱼阶段有多种病害发生, 尤以小瓜虫病最为常见和危害较大, 如不及时地控制会导致仔稚鱼的大量死亡。史氏鲟稚鱼小瓜虫病的防治方法与其它鱼类有很大的区别, 传统有效的治疗鱼类小瓜虫病的药物和方法不能用于史氏鲟稚鱼, 史氏鲟稚鱼对硝酸亚汞、孔雀石绿等传统的药物非常敏感, 这类药物不能用于治疗史氏鲟稚鱼的小瓜虫病。史氏鲟稚鱼对水温的变化也非常地敏感, 承受不了较大幅度的急速水温变化, 因此常用的快速变温治疗小瓜虫病的方法同样不能适用于史氏鲟稚鱼。实验筛选出以50ppm 的福尔马林溶液浸浴治疗史氏鲟稚鱼小瓜虫病是一种安全和有效的方法。 相似文献
19.
根据南四湖主要入湖河流及湖内15个站点的水质监测参数-叶绿素a(Chl-a)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、透明度(SD)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn),从年际、年内不同时间段和不同监测点对南四湖及其入湖河流水质进行综合分析,旨在为南四湖的资源保护、南水北调东线工程建设及可持续发展提供依据。结果表明,湖区氮、磷浓度分布不均,空间分布具有非均一性;2010年与2004年相比,TN、CODMn有波动,总磷和叶绿素a分别下降了65.00%和60.59%,透明度升高了40.62%。南四湖及其周边河流水质总体有改善,水体的富营养化状况有所好转,但远低于Ⅲ类水质标准,尤其南阳湖,有些监测点已达重度富营养。通过对该水域的富营养化状况进行综合分析与评价。 相似文献