厚颌鲂外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征研究

采用血细胞常规染色和细胞化学染色对厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征进行观察。结果显示:厚颌鲂外周血细胞可分为红细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和三种类型粒细胞。红细胞有幼稚、成熟和衰老三种形态,其中幼稚和衰老红细胞较少见;血栓细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞。粒细胞中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较常见,Ⅲ型粒细胞少有。细胞化学染色显示幼红细胞、血栓细胞和淋巴细胞均呈ACP弱阳性;单核细胞呈ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅰ型粒细胞是嗜中性粒细胞,POX、ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅱ型粒细胞是PAS-GL,PAS强阳性和ACP阳性;Ⅲ型粒细胞是Ⅰ型粒细胞的晚期形态。厚颌鲂的PAS-GL可能是嗜酸性/嗜碱性粒细胞,而不是嗜碱性粒细胞的前体。     

军曹鱼稚鱼外周血细胞及其形态学观察

以出膜后第60天的军曹鱼外周血液为材料,利用光镜显微技术研究了其血细胞的种类和形态。外周血液包括5种类型的血细胞,红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和血栓细胞。血细胞计数测得红细胞密度为(2.97±0.82)×109ind.mL-1,白细胞密度为(1.39±0.94)×106ind.mL-1,淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞和血栓细胞在白细胞中所占的比例分别为(53.00±8.51)%、(17.59±4.28)%、(4.78±1.37)%和(24.63±4.08)%。未见到嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。血细胞计数结果表明,红细胞数量远远大于白细胞,白细胞中淋巴细胞数量最多,单核细胞数量最少。实验还观察到处于分裂状态的红细胞、细胞表面有伪足样胞突的小淋巴细胞和细胞表面有许多微绒毛突起的大淋巴细胞、核呈多种形态的单核细胞和中性粒细胞及不同形态的血栓细胞等。     

长鳍裸颊鲷外周血细胞的显微结构

报道了长鳍裸颊鲷(Lethrinus erythropterus)外周血细胞的显微结构。血涂片经过WRIGHT氏染色,在Olympus BX51显微镜下观察,可鉴别出红细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、血栓细胞和单核细胞等7种类型的血细胞。红细胞数量最多,多为椭圆形,具有圆核;在白细胞中,数量多少依次是血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞在外周血液中很罕见。血栓细胞体积最小,嗜中性粒细胞最大。淋巴细胞包括小淋巴细胞、中淋巴细胞和大淋巴细胞3种。     

犬牙缰虾虎鱼外周血细胞的显微结构

采用Wright氏染色,对犬牙缰虾虎鱼外周血液进行观察,并进行各细胞测定,可鉴别出红细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞,以及幼稚、正在分裂、分解和解体状态的红细胞,未发现嗜酸性粒细胞。红细胞数量多,椭圆形,具椭圆核;血栓细胞体积最小,成3~5个聚集分布,大淋巴细胞体积最大。淋巴细胞可分为大、中、小淋巴细胞。在数量上,血栓细胞最多,淋巴细胞次之,单核细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞则较少。     

成年似鲇高原鳅外周血细胞及血细胞发生的观察

通过对成年似鲇高原鳅(Triplophysa siluroides)外周血细胞涂片及中肾、肝脏和脾脏组织的印片进行瑞氏(Wright’s)、过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)和苏丹黑B(SBB)染色,观察各类血细胞形态、大小、分布及细胞化学特征。结果表明:似鲇高原鳅血细胞可分为红细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞,各类血细胞的发生(除血栓细胞)均可分为原始、幼稚和成熟三个阶段。外周血中红细胞比例最多,为97.56%,白细胞中血栓细胞数量最多占52.86%,居白细胞的首位;三种粒细胞中嗜中性粒细胞数量最多占30.25%。粒细胞的主要发生场所在中肾占45.18%,红细胞的主要发生场所在脾脏,占71.62%,肝脏中未见原始血细胞。在中肾中同时可见嗜酸性、嗜碱性和嗜中性三种粒细胞的发生。各阶段的白细胞PAS染色均显示阳性,但只有各阶段的粒细胞SBB染色显示阳性。     

达氏鳇外周血细胞的形态学研究

利用光镜和透射电镜技术研究达氏鳇(Kalugaa,Huso dauricus)外周血细胞的显微和超微结构、分类和计数。结果表明,在外周血细胞中可区分出红细胞、单核细胞、大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、粒细胞和血栓细胞。红细胞卵圆形,大小为(11.22±0.56)μm×(7.92±1.01)μm;细胞质内可见到线粒体;单核细胞为圆形,大小为(10.55±1.61)μm×(9.38±2.04)μm;胞质内空泡较多,有的直接与细胞外相通;大淋巴细胞有指状胞凸,大小为(8.09±1.14)μm×(7.22±1.65)μm;小淋巴细胞有伪足样胞凸,大小为(7.22±1.35)μm×(6.31±1.24)μm;血栓细胞圆形,大小为(4.82±0.68)μm×(4.03±0.81)μm;核质比较大,未发现任何细胞器。嗜中性粒细胞的大小为(11.84±1.38)μm×(10.34±1.31)μm,含有多种形态的细胞核及着色和大小不同的颗粒。嗜酸性粒细胞的大小为(11.26±1.35)μm×(10.16±1.29)μm,嗜酸性颗粒数量较多、个体较大。红细胞密度为82.16×104/mm3~106.90×104/mm3,白细胞密度为1.91×104/mm3~4.55×104/mm3。大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞所占百分比分别为:0.12%~8.78%、26.35%~107.43%、3.22%~29.42%、0.69%~23.99%;各类血细胞从大到小依次为:粒细胞、单核细胞、红细胞、大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞和血栓细胞。     

“优鲈1号”大口黑鲈血细胞的形态特征及吞噬功能的研究

用Wright's染色及细胞化学方法,对"优鲈1号"大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)外周血细胞形态特征进行观察,并通过吞噬实验分析其血细胞的免疫功能。结果表明血细胞可分为红细胞和白细胞,白细胞包括粒细胞(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型粒细胞)、单核细胞、淋巴细胞及血栓细胞;其中红细胞数最多,白细胞较少;白细胞中,淋巴细胞比例最大(62.73%)。通过过碘酸-雪夫氏反应(PAS)、苏丹黑B(SBB)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化物酶(POX)、酚氧化酶(PO)染色,红细胞染色均呈阴性,而白细胞除AKP、POX染色外,染色均呈阳性,且不同白细胞阳性染色程度不一致,其中血栓细胞染色均较强烈。吞噬实验表明,红细胞具有吞噬功能,吞噬率为(16.17±1.08)%;粒细胞和血栓细胞具黏附能力,且血栓细胞能形成黏附花环,这可能与血栓细胞形态多样性及糖原、脂类、ACP和PO有关。     

暗纹东方鲀外周血细胞的显微结构观察

报道了暗纹东方Ｔｕｎ外周血细胞的显微结构。血少片经Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ’ｓ氏染液染色后，可鉴别出红细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞。血细胞中，单核细胞数目和粒性细胞数目均很少，血栓细胞数目较多。在肝脏、头肾、脾的涂片中均见到嗜碱性粒细胞。     

白缘(鱼央)的血液指标测定与血细胞特点

应用常规血液指标测定方法和血细胞涂片法,测定野生白缘鱼央血液指标并分析血细胞形态。结果表明:野生白缘鱼央RBC=1.18×1012/L、WBC=70.2×109/L、PLT=41.5×109/L、MCH=56.5 pg、MCHC=395.3 g/L、HGB=66.3 g/L。白缘鱼央血细胞在细胞形态上更加趋于圆球形,而且细胞和细胞核均相对其它鱼央属鱼大,红细胞分裂相较多、不规则核较多。红细胞可见5种形态(即普通红细胞、原红细胞、幼红细胞、分裂中的红细胞和有丝分裂的红细胞),白细胞可见6种形态(即单核细胞、淋巴细胞、中性分叶核粒细胞、中性杆状核粒细胞、嗜酸分叶核粒细胞和嗜酸杆状核粒细胞),而血小板只有1种形态。     

Diff-Quik染色法在中华鳖血细胞染色中的应用

采用Diff-Quik染色法对中华鳖的血涂片进行染色,用DP-71显微成像系统采集血片细胞显微图像,经Image-proExpress5.1测量和分析中华鳖各类血细胞大小、比例。结果表明：①Diff-Quik染色后中华鳖各类血细胞核质染色差别明显,核质界面明显,各类白细胞的颗粒明显、易分辨。②中华鳖红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞大小分别为17.86μm×12.43μm、16.26μm×13.67μm、12.28μm×10.98μm、14.63μm×12.83μm。嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞占白细胞百分比分别为54.7、13.72、6.22和24.72,嗜碱性粒细胞仅为0.65。③比较Diff-Quik法、Giemsa法、Wright-Giemsa法对染色效果的影响,3种染色方法在细胞大小及白细胞分类比例上无明显差异。从核质界面、细胞颗粒特征性染色等来看,Diff-Quik法和Giemsa法优于Wright-Giemsa法。Diff-Quik法染色快捷、核质和颗粒染色清晰度更高,是一种适合大量标本快速染色的染色法,可适用于中华鳖的血细胞染色。     

Blood cells of a sisorid catfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glyptosternum maculatum</Emphasis> (Siluriformes: Sisoridae), in Tibetan Plateau

The peripheral blood cells of a sisorid catfish Glyptosternum maculatum were studied using light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The size of cells and nucleus, and the percentage of different leucocytes were also described. Erythrocytes and four types of leucocytes: lymphocytes, heterophils, monocytes, and thrombocytes were characterized in G. maculatum blood. The dividing erythrocytes could be found sporadically. A plasma cell was observed under a transmission electron microscope. The morphology and structure of blood cells of G. maculatum were basically similar to those of other fish species, although there were also main differences, such as larger erythrocytes than other catfishes, absence of basophils and acidophils, and various types of thrombocytes (five types: lone nucleus, fusiform, tadpole-like, oval, and in a cluster).     

Morphological studies of peripheral blood cells of the Chinese sturgeon, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser sinensis</Emphasis>

The peripheral blood cells of one-year-old Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) have been studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The erythrocyte count was 84.86 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³ in the peripheral blood of the fish and that of leukocytes was 2.24 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³. The erythrocytes and four main types of leucocyte—thrombocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes (including neutrophils and eosinophils), and monocytes, were identified in the peripheral blood. In addition to normal erythrocytes, reticulocytes and division of erythrocytes were observed. Thrombocytes were the most numerous among the leukocytes, and the number of neutrophils with lobated nuclei was larger than for other fish. The structures of the erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes of the fish were studied. The erythrocytes were almost completely devoid of organelles, except for some mitochondria and granules. A large number of vacuoles and a few organelles were observed in cytoplasm of the monocytes. There were many microvilli on the membrane and pseudopodia-like cytoplasm bulge in the lymphocytes. The neutrophils were round or oval in shape with bilobed, trilobed, or multilobed nuclei whereas the eosinophils had big special granules, dark stained. There were many vesicles in some thrombocytes, which were related to its phagocytosis; some thrombocytes had almost no cytoplasm or organelles.     

草鱼中华鱼蚤病的组织病理研究

草鱼中华鱼蚤病是由大中华鱼蚤寄生所引起的鳃病。虫体以其第二对触肢插入鳃组织而牢固地附着于寄主的鳃丝上。病鱼的血浆总蛋白含量和葡萄糖含量、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量以及红细胞比积均低于健康草鱼；红细胞沉降率和白细胞数则高于健康草鱼；白细胞的血式也有明显变化。病鱼鳃上的粘液很多，鳃丝末端膨大成棒槌状，苍白而无血色。鳃组织的病变，主要为炎性水肿和呼吸上皮细胞、粘液细胞及间充质细胞增生，并有大量嗜酸性粒细胞渗出。炎性水肿的发生使鳃小片的呼吸机能受到障碍和破坏；由细胞增生引起的鳃小片融合大大缩小了鳃的气体交换面积，因此当大中华鱼蚤大量寄生时，导致病鱼窒息死亡     

Replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in trout leucocytes and detection of the carrier state

Abstract. The exact cellular site of replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in carrier fish is unknown. In order to determine if IPNV replicates in trout leucocytes, we purified leucocytes from normal (non-carrier) trout and separated the cells into an adherent and a non-adherent population. IPNV replicated in less than 0-01 % of the adherent leucocytes with a yield of about 400 p.f.u./cell. IPNV also became associated with less than 0.07% of the non-adherent leucocytes; either IPNV did not replicate in these cells or the yield was, at best, only a few p.f.u./cell. Trout persistently infected with IPNV (carrier fish) were tested for the presence of IPNV in leucocytes by co-cultivating with a sensitive fish cell line; this same population of trout was also tested for IPNV by organ sampling using standard methods. Ninety-eight per cent of the trout were positive for IPNV by organ sampling, but only 75 % yielded IPNV from leucocytes. Thus a blood sample from a living fish can be used to detect the presence of IPNV.     

魁蚶血细胞分类及其免疫功能的初步分析

借助显微观察和鳗弧菌免疫刺激等手段,首次对魁蚶血细胞进行分类及免疫功能分析.魁蚶血细胞可分为3大类:红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞,红细胞发育过程大致经历新生、成熟、衰老和死亡4个阶段.白细胞分为:嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞,以及淋巴细胞和巨核细胞.嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞和血栓细胞均参与血液的凝固;红细胞、白细胞均有吞噬病原菌能力,红细胞具有被动吞噬作用和免疫吸附作用,白细胞具有主动吞噬作用,嗜酸性和嗜中性细胞是吞噬病原菌的主体,嗜碱性细胞具有吞噬大颗粒异物的作用,魁蚶感染病原菌后白细胞增多并表现炎症.研究表明,魁蚶血细胞在应对外界的免疫刺激时,能作出系统免疫应答,且血细胞免疫分工明确,以抵御外界不良刺激.     

暗纹东方鲀血细胞发生的观察

通过对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)血液涂片及头肾、体肾、脾脏和肝脏四种脏器印片的光镜观察,发现血细胞的发育大致经过三个阶段,即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。实验对不同发育阶段的红血细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、粒细胞进行了观察和测量,并对暗纹东方鲀血细胞的发生过程做了初步探讨。实验结果表明暗纹东方鲀血细胞的发育主要在头肾和体肾,肝脏印片未观察到原始造血细胞,提示肝脏可能不是暗纹东方鲀的造血器官。     

Haematological and biochemical characteristics of two aquacultured carnivorous cyprinids,topmouth culter Culter alburnus (Basilewsky) and yellowcheek carp Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson)

The haematological and biochemical characteristics of two healthy farmed cyprinids, the topmouth culter Culter alburnus and yellowcheek carp Elopichthys bambusa, were investigated in this study. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes (i.e. neutrophils and eosinophils) were observed in these two fish. Every type of these cells (excluding the erythrocyte and lymphocyte) showed similar sizes in the topmouth culter and yellowcheek carp. Thrombocytes and neutrophils were the two most abundant leucocytes in the topmouth culter while thrombocytes and lymphocytes were the two most frequent leucocytes observed in the yellowcheek carp. The erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentrations and values of serum glucose in these two fish were high. There were significant differences in the leucocyte counts, haemoglobin concentrations, mean cellular haemoglobin contents, mean cell haemoglobin concentrations and values of serum glucose, triglyceride, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and chlorine between the topmouth culter and the yellowcheek carp. The information of haematology and blood biochemistry obtained here would be useful for the prevention and diagnosis of diseases of farmed topmouth culter and yellowcheek carp.     

Multiplication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in head kidney and blood leucocytes isolated from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Abstract. Blood and head kidney (HK) leucocytes were isolated from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., carrying infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and the cells were separated into adherent and non-adherent populations. Significant increases in both intra- and extracellular IPNV titres, and in the number of IPNV-positive fluorescent cells were detected in adherent HK leucocytes during 7 days in culture, and demonstrated that IPNV multiplied in these cells. Infectious virus was not detected in culture medium collected from blood leucoeytes, and only occasionally, in very low titres, from non-adherent HK leucocytes. No IPNV-positive fluorescent cells were detected in these cell populations. IPNV infection of adherent leucocytes isolated from non-carrier fish indicated that adherent blood leucocytes (mainly monocytes) could become productively infected in vitro , but to a lesser degree than adherent HK leucocytes (mainly macrophages). The present results suggest a major role for adherent HK leucocytes in maintaining the IPNV carder state in Atlantic salmon.