魁蚶血细胞分类及其免疫功能的初步分析

借助显微观察和鳗弧菌免疫刺激等手段,首次对魁蚶血细胞进行分类及免疫功能分析.魁蚶血细胞可分为3大类:红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞,红细胞发育过程大致经历新生、成熟、衰老和死亡4个阶段.白细胞分为:嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞,以及淋巴细胞和巨核细胞.嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞和血栓细胞均参与血液的凝固；红细胞、白细胞均有吞噬病原菌能力,红细胞具有被动吞噬作用和免疫吸附作用,白细胞具有主动吞噬作用,嗜酸性和嗜中性细胞是吞噬病原菌的主体,嗜碱性细胞具有吞噬大颗粒异物的作用,魁蚶感染病原菌后白细胞增多并表现炎症.研究表明,魁蚶血细胞在应对外界的免疫刺激时,能作出系统免疫应答,且血细胞免疫分工明确,以抵御外界不良刺激.

Studies on the hemocytes types and their immunological functions in bloody clam(Scapharca broughtonii)

It was the first time to study the types and immunological functions of blood cells in bloody clam(Scapharca broughtonii)by the means of microscopic observation and immunostimulation with pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum,and three types of hemocytes were recognized:red blood cells,white blood cells and thrombus cells.Red blood cells had four developmental states:freshmen,mature,aging and death.White blood cells were divided into acidophils,neutuophils,basophils,lymphocytes,and megalokaryocytic.Acidophils,neutuophils,basophils and thrombus cells were all involved in the blood coagulation.Both red blood cells and white blood cells had phagocytic function,red cells showed the passive phagocytic function and immune adherence function,while white cells showed the active phagocytic function.Acidophils and neutuophils cells were principal in phagocytizing pathogens,and basophils cells could be found phagocytizing large size foreign materials,an increase in the number of white cell and inflammation took place after the bloody clam was infected by pathogen.It was also the first time to show the thrombus cells and its coagulation function in bloody clam(Scapharca broughtonii).The results showed that the blood cells had systemic immunologic defense mechanisms against the mass pathogens invasion into the body of bloody clam(Scapharca broughtonii).