青虾苗种不同运输方法试验

在生产实践中虾苗用塑料袋充氧运输，即常规的鱼苗运输法；虾种用活水车或活水船运输。尤其是虾种的运输，受运输工具的限制，运输数量和成活率往往不尽人意。为此，我们根据青虾的生活习性，在 1999～ 2000年间，对其进行了不同方法的运输试验，现将试验情况报告如下。 1材料与方法 1.1虾苗和虾种均来自吴县市东山镇朱茂村养殖户朱顺法，虾苗规格为体长 1.5～ 2.2cm，三批共计 1000万尾；虾种规格为体长 3.0～ 4.5cm，四批共计 1060kg。 1.2装苗工具与方法：塑料袋充氧运输法采用常规的鱼苗运输用的双层塑料袋，容积为 40～ 45L(30cm× 25…     

科学装运罗非鱼种

科学装运罗非鱼种目前罗非鱼集约化养殖在各地已普遍推广，但由于其苗种只能依靠地热水和电厂余热水越冬保种，因此，越冬后罗非鱼种的运输方法及运输成活率，弓愧养鱼户的普遍关注。一些单位由于缺乏技术经验和先进的方法，运输死亡率很高，有的甚至整车整批死亡，造成很...     

高温季节青虾苗的降温运输试验

虾类人工养殖在大陆迅速兴起，日渐普及。青虾 (日本沼虾 )作为纯淡水、广温性优良虾种，由于其良好的生产性状和广阔的消费市场，在大陆淡水养虾业中一直处于领先地位。为适应商业化养虾生产，虾苗繁育和成虾养殖已逐步分工。虾苗运输成了虾类养殖生产过程的一个重要环节。青虾多茬养殖，就会出现全年运输虾苗的可能。 目前，虾苗运输最广泛使用的还是尼龙袋充氧和敞开式帆布篓两种运输法。这两种方法在常规鱼和观赏鱼类的运输中〖 1〗〖 2〗已被广泛采用，也积累了较多的成功经验〖 3〗。而虾苗运输方法，特别是高温季节运输〖 4〗，报导…     

青虾活虾长途运输新方法

青虾活虾长途运输有塑料袋充氧法、帆布篓法、活水船法。三种运输方法各有优缺点，塑料袋充氧运输，成活率高，但操作繁，成本高。如运输1000公斤活虾，至少需塑料袋1000只左右，纸箱500只以上。且塑料袋、纸箱耐久性能差，尤其是纸箱一、二次就全部报废。帆布篓运输．运虾数量少，若行程100公里以上，则成活率较低。活水船运输，时间长，路途水质变化大。以上三种运输方法，对于青虾产量不高的地区或运输亲虾、虾苗，是较为适宜的，但对于地处鄱阳湖畔、年产青虾1000吨以上，且一年四季均需要运输的余干县来说，就不那么适合。近几年来．我…     

两种大容器运输大规格草鱼种的对比试验

为了探讨大规格草鱼种的运输方法，用活鱼罐和大塑料袋充氧运输作对比试验，结果２种大容器运输大规格鱼种成活率均高达９９４％以上。     

一种新颖的潘鱼运输装置

为了适应在夏季进行活鱼运输，要使活鱼运输水槽内的水保持适当的温度，本专利采用新的冷却方法和冷却装置。其特点是简化了制冷装置，降低了运输费用，是一种新颖的活鱼运输设备。     

中华鲟的低温催眠运输

中华鲟Acipenser sinensis Grdy，隶属鲟形目、鲟科、鲟属，是我国3种鲟科鱼类之一，为国家一级水生保护动物。其成鱼个体大，运输过程中容易相互碰撞而使鱼体受伤，产生疾病，过去曾有人用麻醉剂对其进行运输，现在普遍用活鱼车加氧加冰运输，此法操作麻烦，途中难管理。本研究采用低温方法使鲟鱼被催眠而对其进行无水长途运输，旨在摸索一种适合鲟鱼运输的方法考。     

运输鱼卵的新方法

据报道，英国阿伯丁大学的研究人员研究成功一种安全运输鱼卵新的方法，从而使鱼卵在运输过程中的死亡率大为降低。     

美国青蛙种蛙的运输

美国青蛙种蛙的运输１９９５年９月我站应广大养殖户的要求，前往武汉江汉应用技术研究所引进美国青蛙种蛙１５对，采用汽车运输，２４小时方程千公里，放塘后种蛙个个健壮活泼。现将运输方法介绍如下：１．运输工具：汽车。２．装蛙工具：用长约１ｍ、高０．５ｍ、宽０．...     

利用双氧水（H2O2）作增氧剂运输鱼苗的试验

淡水养鱼有着广泛的群众基础。由于每个养鱼单位不可能都从事鱼苗、鱼种直至成鱼养殖的全部生产过程，所以鱼苗的运输仍是鱼类养殖的重要环节之一。目前广泛使用的运输方法是尼龙袋或塑料桶密封充氧法。由于车辆颠波尼龙袋充氧后易于爆裂而影响运输效果，塑料桶虽然牢固，但不易充氧，成本也较高。为了寻找简单、方便、价格低廉的运输方法，我们于1982年5月26日至6月16日，用双氧水(H2O2)作为鱼苗运输的一种增氧剂，     

海水鱼的保活运输

常见的水产动物保活运输有增氧法、麻醉法和低温法。而冰温无水保活运输具有运载量大、无污染、质量高等优点，是海水鱼保活运输的发展方向。     

SIMULATED ANNEALING FOR COST-EFFECTIVE TRANSPORT OF LIVE AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

This study elucidates a vehicle routing problem with a single depot and multi-customers, in which a simulated annealing approach is used for transporting live aquaculture products. In contrast with previous models that focused on cost, transportation distance, or time, this study separately optimizes a sole depot with multi-customer flows by using a mathematical model that considers transportation, survival rates, and cost classifications of live aquaculture products. Specifically, the simulated annealing approach is adopted to facilitate the multi-customer transport vehicle routing problem on carrier selections and their interactions. The proposed model is applied to several relevant scenarios with cost-effectiveness. The computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model for solving the problem of transporting live aquaculture products.     

海水活鱼运输装置自动监控系统的设计

以AT89C51单片机为核心设计了一套适用于活鱼运输装置的自动监控系统，本文描述该系统的工作原理和系统的软硬件设计，实验结果表明，该系统设计方案合理，应用于活鱼运输具有较高的性价比，且结构简单、性能可靠、实用性强等特点。     

Survival and serum biochemical responses of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus during simulated waterless live transportation

Waterless live fish transportation is an alternative and promising transport strategy, which may reduce shipping costs, increase stocking density and improve survival of some species. Spotted sea bass is one of the most economically important marine fish in China. However, waterless transportation has not yet been studied on spotted sea bass. To explore the possibility of waterless transportation of spotted sea bass and its sublethal stress responses, the survival rate and dynamics of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study by preserving it under no water, less water and water (control) conditions for 9 hr. The serum biochemical parameters including total protein, cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) were investigated. Results showed that the survival rates of fish in all groups gradually declined with time increasing. At the end of transportation, the survival rates in the control group, less‐water group and no‐water group decreased to 49.11%, 15.60% and 23.96% respectively. Significant changes were observed in several selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, lactate, ALT, TCO₂, BUN and ammonia during simulated waterless transportation, which might negatively affect the physiological homeostasis of fish, leading to the high mortality in present study. In general, waterless transportation of spotted sea bass was possible, but it might be rather suitable for short time than long time.     

换水换气式充氧密封鱼苗运输装置及其应用的研究

换水换气式充氧密封鱼苗运输装置是直接在塑料袋运输活鱼基础上改装而成，它能在不松开塑料袋的条件下，轻松快速地进行换水换气。通过以鳙鱼苗为试验对象，选用换水量、换气量、换水间隔期和换气间隔期四因素模拟运输进行了该装置的九组正交试验，得出了四因素最经济可行的组合是换水量为60％，换水间隔期为16小时，换气量为50％，换气间隔期为8小时。正交试验中存活时间最长为55小时（空白试验为26小时），换水量是最主要的影响因素，只换水比只换气更利于延长活鱼运输时间。     

活海鲜流通产业化的运输方法和技术

本文阐述了海水活鱼的运输方法、运输技术、运输典例及运输效益,指出在海水网箱养殖业快速发展的今天,活海鲜的流通具有非常广阔的发展前景.随着科学技术水平的不断提高,南鱼北运北鱼南调已不是梦想,活海鲜的流通正在初步形成产业化.     

鱼类保活运输技术研究现状及展望

安全高效的保活运输是保持鱼类鲜度的有效方式,既能满足消费者的需求,又可以提高企业的经济效益。介绍了有水运输和无水运输两种鱼类保活运输的技术方法,并对两种方法的优劣点进行了比较;阐述了鱼体体质、温度、水质(pH、溶氧、氨氮和代谢废物浓度)以及其他因素对鱼类运输存活率的影响;最后提出了现阶段鱼类保活运输存在的一些问题和应对措施,并对其发展前景进行了展望。根据对现有文献资料进行的分析,认为利用生态冰温法辅以二氧化碳作为麻醉剂进行无水运输将是今后鱼类保活运输研究和应用的重点。此外,开发无氧保活运输方法及相应的高效运输装备也应重点关注。这些都将有助于实现我国渔业现代化的更快发展。     

Optimal Conditions for Long-distance Transportation of Live Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and Changes in their Characteristics during Transport

Optimal transport conditions for the live black rockfish and changes in their characteristics during long-distance transport were investigated. Oxygen consumption by black rockfish was lowest at 4°C and increased as the water temperature increased up to a maximum at 10°C. At a water temperature of 8°C and 10°C, the plasma glucose concentration of the fish was 36.2 and 38.2 mg/dL, respectively. The mean weight of the fish reduced to approximately 2.8% of initial weight after 16 days of storage at 8°C. The fish did not feed, and the survival rate of fish stored for 16 days at 8°C was 98.4%. The longer the live fish were stored in the container, the quicker the onset of rigor mortis after the slaughter was reached. Compared with fillets from control fish, the chewiness of fillets was somewhat lower (17.3%) after storage of fish for 16 days, but the softness of the fillets was slightly higher (21.6%). From these results, it was suggested that the optimum temperature for long-distance transport of the live fish was 8°C and that the long transport period of live fishes decreased their fillet quality more rapidly after fish death.     

低温活鱼运输箱监控系统研制

目前市场上应用的活鱼运输装置大都采用人工控制或单片机控制系统,自动化水平低或抗干扰性差,不能满足长途运输的要求。为了提高低温活鱼运输箱系统的自动化水平,改善活鱼运输条件,提高活鱼运输的存活率,采用PLC为核心控制器,触摸屏为人机界面,通过对系统的硬件和软件进行设计,实现了设备的启停控制,运用PID控制算法和脉冲定时器建立的PPI通信网络,实现了温度、pH值和DO的自动采集与控制。系统温度、pH值和DO控制范围分别为3-35℃、8-13 mg/L和6.5-8.0,箱体内水温分布均匀,升温和降温速率平缓。试验结果表明,空载时,箱体内水体温度分布偏差为1℃,温度上升和下降速率分别为2.5、2.3℃/h;按鱼水质量比1:2运输,水温控制在6.7-7.3℃、DO在8.9-12.8 mg/L,pH在6.5-7.5的水体条件下,运输时间约为72 h时,武昌鱼的存活率达到96.7%。系统性能稳定、可靠性高、人机界面友好、使用灵活,能适应不同地区和不同鱼种的运输要求。     

Live Chilling and Carbon Dioxide Sedation at Slaughter of Farmed Atlantic Salmon: A Description of a Number of Commercial Case Studies

ABSTRACT

Eleven commercial processing lines for the slaughter of Atlantic salmon were evaluated to investigate the efficiency of the refrigerated seawater live chilling method with respect to stunning fish and reducing body temperature. The method is commonly used in the Norwegian salmon industry to both stun and chill fish before killing. Carbon dioxide gas was added to the live chilling tanks, or in some cases, to a subsequent carbon dioxide stunning tank. Criteria used for evaluation were water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, temperature, total ammonium, ammonia, alkalinity, color, total organic carbon, and ferric ion), fish behavior, white muscle pH, and body and core temperatures. At two processing plants, fillet quality (Roche color, texture, ultimate pH, and water content) was also determined. The results are discussed in terms of fish acclimation temperatures, water quality, welfare, handling stress, chilling efficiency, pre-live chilling factors, refrigerated seawater live chilling process parameters, and fillet quality. Even though the live chilling method can be used to minimize fish handling stress during slaughter and may serve as an efficient chilling method, it was found in most cases that under commercial conditions when large biomasses were slaughtered, both handling stress and chilling efficiency were less than optimal. However, no adverse effects on the fillet texture and color were observed as a result of fish processing.