螺旋藻直线形变异藻株(Sp.-Dz)研究初报

从长期应用于研究与生产中的优良钝顶螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）藻株（Ｓｐ．－Ｄ）中分离出一株直线形变异藻株（Ｓｐ．－Ｄｚ），对其生长特性及主要生化组分进行了初步研究，实验结果表明，这一直线形变异藻株具有生长快、上浮性好、藻胆蛋白含量高等优点，是一株值得进一步研究和利用的新藻株。     

温度对螺旋藻突变株(SP-Dz)生长及藻胆蛋白含量的影响

研究了不同温度条件对直线型钝顶螺旋藻突变株(SP-Dz)生长和藻胆蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,螺旋藻(SP-Dz)的最适生长温度为30~35℃,在30℃条件下培养的螺旋藻积累藻胆蛋白最多。     

螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用

螺旋藻广泛分布在世界各海区及陆地淡、盐水湖中，是浮游自养的原核生物，属蓝藻门颤藻目颤藻科。藻体由于含藻蓝素而呈绿色，显微镜观察呈细丝状螺旋形。全世界已知存在３６个种，目前国际上工厂化生产的主要是钝顶螺旋藻和极大螺旋藻２个淡水种类。螺旋藻是目前常用微藻（小球藻、绿藻、螺旋藻）中蛋白质含量最高、营养全面、消化吸收及适口性最好的藻种，而且食用安全，至今未发现对动物有任何毒性或致病等副作用。１螺旋藻的营养特点１. １蛋白质含量高 螺旋藻含蛋白质高达５５％～７０％，相当于大豆蛋白质的２倍，鸡蛋蛋白质的４倍，…     

螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用

螺旋藻广泛分布在世界各海区及陆地淡、盐水湖中，是浮游自养的原核生物，属蓝藻门颤藻目颤藻科。藻体由于含藻蓝素而呈绿色，显微镜观察呈细丝状螺旋形。全世界已知存在３６个种，目前国际上工厂化生产的主要是钝顶螺旋藻和极大螺旋藻２个淡水种类。螺旋藻是目前常用微藻（小球藻、绿藻、螺旋藻）中蛋白质含量最高、营养全面、消化吸收及适口性最好的藻种，而且食用安全，至今未发现对动物有任何毒性或致病等副作用。 一、螺旋藻的营养特点 １．蛋白质含量高 螺旋藻含蛋白质高达５５％～７０％，相当于大豆的２倍，鸡蛋的４倍，且蛋白质品…     

螺旋藻对短期增强UV-B辐射的生理生化响应

通过生物化学和对比分析的方法,研究了短期增强UV-B辐射对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)794光合色素、丙二醛(MDA)、类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)以及脯氨酸含量的影响。研究结果显示,与未经过UV-B辐射处理的藻细胞相比,增强的UV-B(240μW/cm2)辐射可导致藻细胞叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素以及藻胆蛋白含量下降,以及MDA含量显著变化(P<0.05),表明螺旋藻对UV-B辐射敏感,UV-B辐射对藻细胞光合色素具有抑制和破坏作用,对螺旋藻的膜系统也产生重要影响。而UV-B辐射可导致MAAs含量增加,脯氨酸含量随辐射时间的延长而提高,说明增强UV-B辐照能诱导藻细胞屏蔽色素合成以及抗逆物质脯氨酸的累积,这可能是螺旋藻对UV-B胁迫所做出的适应性反应。     

用有机物营养液培养钝顶螺旋藻的初步探讨

钝顶螺旋藻(Spirolina platensis)是蓝藻门蓝藻纲颤藻科螺旋藻属的一种丝状蓝藻。它的蛋白质含量占干重的65％以上，并由较好的氨基酸组成，含有丰富的人和动物必需的氨基酸。脂肪、糖类、胡萝卜素、维生素及各种微量元素也都很丰富。     

螺旋藻在河蟹育苗上的应用效果

螺旋藻蛋白质含量高于常用微藻生物饵料，达58％～70％，而且其真消化率(TD)、蛋白质生物价(BV)和净消化率(NPU)都相当高，氨基酸组成平衡，水产动物营养所需的10种EAA占总氨基酸含量的一半。螺旋藻还是γ-亚麻酸(GLA)的一种浓缩型天然原料，大约占比重的1％～1．5％，明显优于其它生物饵料。同时，其藻体长200～500μm，宽5～10μm，适应多数品种幼体口器摄食，     

生活污水培养极大螺旋藻试验

螺旋藻是一种丝状自养蓝藻,在强碱和高盐水域生长旺盛,具有蛋白质含量高、含有人类和动物所必需的氨基酸、易消化、培养条件简便、繁殖速度快等特点。作为饲料添加剂已被广泛应用于家禽、昆虫、水产动物的饲养,均收到较好的经济效益。有关螺旋藻的培养技术和应用效果等问题国内外已进行大量研究,而利用生活污水培养,国内外尚少见报道。本文在利用螺旋藻净化生活污水研究的基础上,测定了生活污水中生长的极大螺旋藻的蛋白质,氨基酸等化学组成,并就培养介质的营养条件和培养时间对该藻蛋白质含量的影响进行     

螺旋澡生产现状及对策

螺旋藻（Spirulina），隶属蓝藻门、颤藻目，是一种多细胞螺旋体状的浮游自养原核生物，在地球上已生存了30多亿年。其体内富含藻篮素、叶绿素α和β胡萝卜素，藻体通常呈淡蓝绿色。其繁殖方式为直接分裂，无藻殖段。通常所说的螺旋藻指的是螺旋藻属中个体较大的钝顶螺旋藻（S．platensis）和极大螺旋藻（S.maxima）。螺旋藻广泛分布于世界各海区和内陆的淡、咸水湖中，喜欢在微碱性水域中大量生长。螺旋藻的蛋白质含量高达58.5-71％，同时还含有人类和动物各种必需氨基酸及多种有益的微量元素。螺旋藻作为添加剂添加于饲料中或直接投喂，…     

螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用

螺旋藻广泛分布在世界各海区及陆地淡、盐水湖中,为蓝藻门(Cyanophta)、颤藻目(Oscilatarides)、颤藻科(Oscillatoridae)的一个属。全世界已知存在36个种,目前国际上工厂化生产的主要是钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulinaplatensis)和极大螺旋藻(S maxima)[1,2]　,含蛋白质高达60%～70%,     

甲鱼养殖场抗污螺旋藻的分离及生长特性研究

从嘉兴市某温室甲鱼养殖场废水储存池中分离出1株螺旋藻JXSC-S1。通过与典型钝顶螺旋藻品系进行比较,确定该藻种的藻丝颜色、形状、螺距、螺宽、细胞大小等符合钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)的形态特征。在Zarrouk培养基中,JXSC-S1的生长速率为1.64/d,生长代时为13.96 h,与典型钝顶螺旋藻种S6、S2相似,高于Ns-90020。在温室甲鱼废水中,JXSC-S1的生长速率、外观颜色和藻丝特征都与在Zarrouk培养基中相差不大,远高于S6(0.33/d),而Ns-90020基本不长,S2死亡。上述结果表明,该本地藻种JXSC-S1可以在温室甲鱼废水中快速生长,在用温室甲鱼废水代替昂贵的Zarrouk培养基高效规模生产优质饲料蛋白方面有很大应用潜力。     

Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on the growth, proximate composition and organoleptic quality of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

The effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on the growth, carcass composition, organoleptic quality, digestive enzyme activity and digestibility of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was studied through a culture trial lasting 120 days. Four experimental diets were employed by replacing fish meal protein from the standard diet at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% through the incorporation of Spirulina. Another diet with Spirulina as the sole source of protein was also used. The final weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of common carp were not affected by Spirulina supplementation. However, the diet with Spirulina as the sole source of protein resulted in better net protein retention. The muscle RNA:DNA ratio of fish fed Spirulina diets was higher than that of fish fed control diet. There was no significant difference in carcass moisture and protein content in the fish fed Spirulina diets as compared to fish-meal-based control diet. The carcass ash and fat contents were positively and negatively correlated with dietary Spirulina level, respectively. Organoleptic evaluation revealed no effect of Spirulina feeding on the quality of both raw and cooked fish. The gut digestive enzyme activity did not show any definite trend with respect to Spirulina supplementation. Spirulina improved the protein digestibility of the diets.     

光合细菌在卤虫饵料中的应用

以螺旋藻作为卤虫的饵料,在卤虫培养液中添加不同体积分数的光合细菌(0,0 1%,0 3%,0 5%),经15d的养殖,卤虫的成活率、内禀生长率、粗蛋白含量均比对照组显著增加。卤虫必需氨基酸的总量和氨基酸总量添加组与对照组差异不大,成体卤虫均可作为河蟹蟹苗的优质蛋白源。     

Spirulina as a nutrient source in diets for growing sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)

The efficiency of diets with the inclusion of Spirulina for Siberian sturgeon weaning has been tested. Three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were formulated with an increasing level of Indian strain Spirulina (SP 40%, SP 50% and SP 60%); the diets were tested against a control diet without microalgae. The results show that Spirulina inclusion improves growth and that an inclusion level of 50% gave the greatest growth rate, a better favourable feed conversion rate and the highest protein efficiency. The fatty acid composition of fillets showed differences between the experimental and control diets: an increase in the Spirulina level induces increases in palmitic and linoleic acids and a decrease in the myristic acid. The control diet was characterized by high levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. At the end of the experiment, statistical differences appeared in the fatty acid profile of the sturgeon fillet, mainly concerning high content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in the sturgeon fillets. If the problems related to the high production costs are solved, Spirulina could prove a good partial substitute fish meal.     

Live Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), challenged with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila

The use of antibiotics to control fish disease is one of the constraints in tilapia farming. Hence, the use of probiotic and live organisms as alternative strategies has received much more attention. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of Spirulina (Arthrospir platensis) as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish (1.88 g) were randomly distributed at 20 fish per 100 L aquarium and fed a diet containing either 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 g Spirulina kg^?1 diet for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish of each treatment were challenged by pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, which was given by an interperitoneal injection, and they were kept under observation for 10 days to record any abnormal clinical signs and the daily mortality rate. The growth‐promoting influence of Spirulina was observed with fish, and the optimum growth and feed utilization were obtained at 5.0 g Spirulina kg^?1 diet. No significant changes were observed in fish survival among the different treatments. Spirulina supplementation improved the protein and lipid contents in fish bodies without significant differences among them, especially when fed 2.5–10.0 g kg^?1 diet, but no significant differences in the moisture and ash contents were observed among different treatments. The physiological parameters were improved when fish were fed a Spirulina‐enriched diet. However, the highest red blood cells, white blood cells and nitro blue tetrazolium values were obtained at 5.0–10.0 g Spirulina kg^?1 diet; meanwhile, the lowest value was obtained in the control. Total fish mortality due to A. hydrophila infection decreased with an increase in the Spirulina level in fish diets. These results indicate that Spirulina supplement is promising as an alternative method to antibiotics for disease prevention in tilapia aquaculture, and the optimum level of Spirulina in the fish diet should be 5.0–10.0 g kg^?1 diet.     

钝顶螺旋藻在养虾废水中的生长研究

研究了钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)在养虾废水中的生长情况。结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻不能直接在该养殖废水中生长,但在废水中添加5%比例的Zarrouk培养液后,钝顶螺旋藻能在其中较好地生长。通过正交试验获得了钝顶螺旋藻在含5%Zarrouk培养液的废水中的生长最佳条件:pH=8,初始密度A560为0.3,光强2500lx。在该条件下,钝顶螺旋藻对废水中的氮、磷均有较好的清除效果,氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和活性磷的清除率分别达到64.5%、41.9%、67.1%和43.9%。     

Color intensity and growth performance of common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) enhanced by dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)

In this study, the effect of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on color intensity, growth performance, total ammonia–nitrogen excretion (TAN), and profitability of common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) was investigated. Three isoproteic (46%) and isolipidic (13%) diets were formulated as one control (C) and two different levels (15 and 30%) of Spirulina (SP15 and SP30) substituted for fish meal and cornmeal. Ten clownfish (initial body weight of 0.55?±?0.04 g) per aquarium were distributed to nine glass aquariums (60 L) with three replicates. Fish were hand-fed a day to the satiation thrice. Clownfish were weighed in bulk, and the photographs were taken biweekly during the 12-week experiment. The determined regions of the images were standardized with a raster graphics editor and recorded the color parameters by considering both CMYK (cyan magenta yellow key) and RGB (red green blue) models. After the feeding trial, fish were starved for 3 days, and the total ammonia–nitrogen (TAN) was analyzed with the ammonia salicylate method on the next day for 12 h. At the end of the trial, the final mean weights (FMW) and specific growth rates (SGR) of SP15 (FMW: 1.95?±?0.18 g, SGR: 1.75?±?0.04%/day) and SP30 (FMW: 2.05?±?0.14 g, SGR: 1.81?±?0.05%/day) were significantly higher than the C (FMW: 1.68?±?0.12 g, SGR: 1.58?±?0.06%/day) group (P?<?0.05). Both color models have proved the enhancement of the skin coloration (significant improvements were recorded in the colors, including red, green, magenta, and key, P?<?0.05). Also, it was determined that the TAN was decreased with the increase of the Spirulina level (29.8, 22.9, and 17.6 mg-N/100 g fish/12 h for C, SP15, and SP30, respectively) in the diet (P?<?0.05). However, a high level of Spirulina in the diet negatively affected profitability. Consequently, common clownfish’s growth, color, and TAN improved with the dietary Spirulina. Considering that Spirulina is an expensive raw material, adding it into the diet at medium levels (15%) is recommended.

     

螺旋藻对锦鲤生长和体色的影响

通过使用钝顶螺旋藻喂养锦锂试验,探讨了不同含量的螺旋藻干粉配合饵料以及活藻对锦鲁体色和生长的影响。试验结果表明在相同水温,光照和投喂量的条件下,随着螺旋藻干粉投喂量的增加,锦鲁体色越鲜艳,体重,体长也相应增加,其中鲜活螺旋藻对其色体,体长,体重影响最大。     

Flesh quality of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed solely on raw Spirulina

ABSTRACT:   In order to simplify the food chain in a closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system, raw Spirulina platensis cultivated in 50-L photobioreactors were fed to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as a uni-feed from the onset of exogenous feeding. The feasibility of using tilapia grown on raw Spirulina (body weight: 155.4 ± 3.9 g, standard length: 16.2 ± 0.2 cm; n  = 3) was investigated for 30 weeks for sashimi (sliced raw meat). Some of the rheological properties of the flesh were measured to clarify the obtained results of sensory evaluations of texture and fatness. The elastic modulus of flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly higher than that of the control fish (body weight: 168.9 ± 5.8 g, standard length: 17.8 ± 0.5 cm; n  = 3) that were fed commercial diets. In addition, the viscosity of the flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly lower than that of the control fish. There was no significant difference in the rupture strength between the two treatments. The rheological parameters in the muscle were found to coincide with the results of the sensory assessment. These results suggest that tilapia fed solely on raw Spirulina have a high flesh quality that is suitable for sashimi. The muscle lipid of the raw Spirulina -fed fish had lower levels of non-polar lipids such as triglycerides and partial glycerides, but higher levels of polar lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acid profile of the raw Spirulina -fed fish muscle, especially in the polar lipid fraction, was characterized by an abundance of Σn-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (20:3n-6, 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6).     

几种植物浆养殖卤虫的饵料效果

以各种植物浆为饵料培养卤虫,培养效果差异显著,陆生植物优于水生植物.其中以黄豆叶浆养殖的卤虫成活和生长最佳,第16天时平均存活率(69.6%)和体长(6.436±0.956mm)与螺旋藻粉组相似(分别为66.0%、6.461±1.181mm)而优于酵母组(分别为29.8%、5.216±1.030mm).以黄豆叶浆养殖的卤虫的粗蛋白及氨基酸含量略低于酵母和螺旋藻粉喂养的卤虫,在高密度卤虫养殖中可替代部分螺旋藻粉,降低卤虫养殖的饵料成本.