基于灰色系统理论的网箱养殖大黄鱼疾病预报

为预报网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生,以舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼为研究对象,根据2001-2008年间舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼发病情况的监测数据和各采样点海洋环境因子的测定数据,应用灰色系统理论探索了网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生发展规律及其与环境因子的关系;建立了灰色预报模型GM(1,1)和GM(1,N),预报网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生时间和发病率.灰色关联分析结果表明,大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发病率与养殖水域的环境因子都有不同程度的关联;把水温、悬浮物、无机氮和COD选作先行指标,用这些因子的不同组合建立了GM(1,5)、GM(1,4)和GM(1,3)模型,比较这些模型的平均相对误差,由无机氮和COD构成的GM(1,3)模型平均相对误差最小,为5.304％;用GM(1,1)模型对大规模细菌性疾病发生的时间进行了预测,预测结果与实际情况基本一致.     

基于灰色系统理论的网箱养殖大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson)疾病预报

为预报网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生,以舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼为研究对象,根据2001—2008年间舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼发病情况的监测数据和各采样点海洋环境因子的测定数据,应用灰色系统理论探索了网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生发展规律及其与环境因子的关系;建立了灰色预报模型GM(1,1)和GM(1,N),预报网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生时间和发病率。灰色关联分析结果表明,大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发病率与养殖水域的环境因子都有不同程度的关联;把水温、悬浮物、无机氮和COD选作先行指标,用这些因子的不同组合建立了GM(1,5)、GM(1,4)和GM(1,3)模型,比较这些模型的平均相对误差,由无机氮和COD构成的GM(1,3)模型平均相对误差最小,为5.304%;用GM(1,1)模型对大规模细菌性疾病发生的时间进行了预测,预测结果与实际情况基本一致。     

海水网箱养殖大黄鱼主要病害及防治

大黄鱼是闽东海水鱼类网箱养殖的主要品种，养殖面积占福建省的８５％以上。随着大黄鱼网箱养殖规模的不断扩大，集约化程度的不断提高，以及受养殖环境污染，管理技术相对落后等诸多因素的影响，病害频繁发生且日趋严重，已给养殖生产造成了极大的经济损失，严重阻碍了大黄鱼网箱养殖业的稳定与发展。因此．探索大黄鱼网箱养殖鱼类病害的防治方法已成当务之急。 本文在对海水网箱养殖大黄鱼的疾病种类、主要症状、病理变化、流行规律及综合防治等调查研究的基础上，将大黄鱼发病的主要原因、病害预防的主要措施和主要病害及防治方法报道如…     

海水网箱养殖大黄鱼烂尾病的防治

据调查，舟山地区网箱养殖大黄鱼主要病害是烂尾病(即细菌性体表溃疡病)，本文对大黄鱼烂尾病的发病原因进行分析，并提出防治对策。     

2013-2014年浙江省海水养殖常见致病菌耐药性分析

<正>鱼类细菌性体表溃疡病、大黄鱼内脏白点病、三疣梭子蟹"红斑病"以及南美白对虾的急性肝胰腺坏死病,是近年影响浙江省海水养殖比较严重的细菌性疾病。细菌性因素引起的鱼类体表溃疡病流行速度快、范围广、危害程度比较严重,哈维氏弧菌是该病的常见病原。大黄鱼内脏白点病是发生在近年网箱养殖大黄鱼的严重病害,香鱼假单胞菌是该病的致病菌。梭子蟹"红斑病"是舟山围塘养殖三疣梭子蟹发生的一种暴发性疾病,其传播速度较快,一周内累积     

浅谈大黄鱼的围塘养殖

大黄鱼的人工养殖有两种方式：网箱养殖和围塘养殖。大黄鱼的网箱养殖起步较早,已有比较成熟的工艺,但网箱养殖大黄鱼因投资大,就目前大黄鱼的市场价位,效益不明显;同时,网箱养殖大黄鱼因受台风等自然灾害影响存在较大的养殖风险;网箱养殖还因换网操作和气候及潮流等变化而影响鱼的生长;网箱养殖在海上作业、管理、交通等也十分不方便。大黄鱼的围塘养殖可以克服上述网箱养殖的缺陷,同时,因池塘比海区网箱更接近于大黄鱼的自然生活环境,故池塘养殖的大黄鱼具有生长快,体形、体色好,肉质嫩,饲料系数低等优点。鉴于此,我公司用…     

大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)肌肉中脂肪含量的比较分析

严格采用现行的国家标准测定了深水网箱养殖大黄鱼、传统网箱养殖大黄鱼和野生大黄鱼肌肉一般营养成分(水分、灰分、蛋白质、粗脂肪)，对三组大黄鱼肌肉的脂肪含量进行了比较，同时结合口感分析。结果表明养殖水域环境和养殖方式是影响大黄鱼肉质的重要因素，增加体脂肪含量在特定的情况下能改善大黄鱼的口味。     

闽东大黄鱼人工养殖主要病害调查

福建省现有５１万只海水养殖网箱，大黄鱼是福建省海水网箱养殖的主要品种，养殖区主要集中在闽东地区，约有３０万箱。随着养殖规模的增大，这几年闽东地区大黄鱼养殖病害的发生也日益频繁，有些病害甚至造成养殖大黄鱼的严重死亡。为了了解人工养殖大黄鱼病害的流行情况，我们对闽东地区大黄鱼各主要养殖区进行了调查，提出了病害防治对策，以供养殖业者参考。 一、材料与方法 １．调查对象：闽东地区的蕉城、福安、霞浦、福鼎四县市的各大养殖区及邻近的罗源、连江养殖区的海水网箱和池塘养殖的大黄鱼。 ２调查内容：网箱和池塘养殖的大…     

不同饵料及养殖环境对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)形态差异的影响

本研究通过采集不同环境和不同饲料养殖的岱衢洋大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)形态数据，利用聚类分析、主成分分析以及判别分析对3组大黄鱼形态差异进行分析。结果显示，不同环境对大黄鱼体高、尾长存在显著影响，而不同饲料对大黄鱼体高、尾高、尾长、体厚存在显著影响，同时对D3–4、D3–6、D4–6、D5–6框架形态存在显著影响，差异主要集中于躯干前部。表明不同环境下大黄鱼形态变化可能与流速适应相关，而饵料对体型的影响可能是因为营养组成及物质积累的不同。聚类分析显示，配合饲料组与深水网箱组形态更接近，而与冰鲜饲料相距较远。通过主成分分析提取3个主成分，其中配合饲料组与深水网箱组在主成分1上相近，但在主成分3上存在差异，而冰鲜饲料组在各主成分上均离散，表明小网箱冰鲜饲料养殖大黄鱼形态分离较大，体型一致性低。利用判别分析，构建3种条件下大黄鱼体型判别函数，经交互验证，判别函数与预期无显著差异，可用于不同养殖模式大黄鱼的形态判别。本研究初步表明，通过改变养殖环境水流、养殖空间大小、饲料可在一定程度实现养殖大黄鱼形态改良。     

大黄鱼感染致病弧菌的检测及其病害的预测预警

为预防与控制大黄鱼溃疡病的发生,本研究利用特异多重PCR技术,对象山县养殖大黄鱼的3种致病弧菌感染情况进行了流行病学调查。每月在各定点网箱组随机采集大黄鱼肝、肾、脾、肌肉等组织进行感染情况的检测。结果显示,3种致病弧菌对大黄鱼的感染率存在一定的差异性。溶藻弧菌、哈维弧菌对大黄鱼的感染率整体高于副溶血弧菌;从感染组织分析,与肝脏、肾脏相比3种致病弧菌更易感染肌肉、脾脏;3种致病弧菌对不同鱼龄的大黄鱼感染率各不相同。研究还表明,3种致病弧菌在各个采样时间点均有感染,其中7—9月为弧菌感染高峰期,而台风后的感染率较台风前都有一定提高。另外,根据大黄鱼溃疡病发生与3种致病弧菌感染率关系的研究可知,在大黄鱼溃疡病暴发前几天,弧菌的感染率都会显示出较高数值。因此,可以通过3种致病弧菌对大黄鱼感染的分子流行病学调查与分析来预测预警病害的发生和流行。     

Use of GIS and machine learning to predict disease in shrimp farmed on the east coast of the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

Diseases in shrimp farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam cause significant crop losses and are therefore of great concern to producers. Once a pond becomes infected, it is difficult to prevent spread of the disease to nearby shrimp farming areas. Thus, predicting the occurrence of disease is an essential part of reducing the risk for shrimp farmers. In this study, we applied an integrated geographic information system and machine learning system to predict three serious diseases of shrimp, namely, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis, white spot syndrome disease, and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection, based on data collected from shrimp farms in the Tra Vinh, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, and Ca Mau provinces of Vietnam. We first constructed a map showing the distribution of these diseases using the locations of affected farms, and then we conducted spatial analysis to acquire the geographical features of the affected locations. This latter information was combined with environmental factors and clinical signs to form the set of independent variables affecting the outbreak of diseases. The neural network model outperformed the logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting methods in terms of predicting infection to estimate the probability of disease occurrence in farmed areas. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease infected farms downstream of the Co Chien and Hau Rivers of Tra Vinh and west of Ca Mau. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection is distributed in Soc Trang Province, while white spot syndrome virus has spread to the coastal districts of Soc Trang and Bac Lieu Provinces, where it is highly associated to water from a complex canal system.

     

福建省水产养殖病害监测现状及建议

根据2002—2011年福建省水产养殖病害测报结果,总结分析了福建省主要水产养殖病害发生情况和流行特点,结果表明,福建省水产养殖病害发病周期长、范围广,且病害种数逐年增多;回顾近10年测报工作,福建省水产养殖病害监测在建立测报网络、提高测报队伍素质、强化病害测报工作机制和测报防治结合等方面取得了一定成效;针对目前水产养殖病害监测存在经费缺乏、测报队伍不稳定、基层技术力量薄弱和监测、诊断手段落后等问题,提出相关对策与建议。     

水产养殖病害测报概况及展望

水产养殖病害是水产养殖生产发展和养殖水产品质量安全的主要制约因素,准确的病害测报对疫病防控工作至关重要。文章从我国水产养殖病害测报工作的开展历程、测报依据、测报工作内容、测报体系与信息化建设等方面进行综述,对病害测报工作中存在的问题提出了建议,并作了病害测报的前景展望。     

Occurrence and density of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae and juveniles in relation to environmental factors during the winter spawning season in the Kuroshio Current system

The occurrence and density of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae and juveniles were examined in relation to environmental factors during the winter spawning season in the Kuroshio Current system, based on samples from extensive surveys off the Pacific coast of Japan in 2003–2012. Dense distributions of larvae and juveniles were observed in areas around and on the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis except during a large Kuroshio meander year (2005). The relationships of larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence to sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll‐a concentration (CHL) were examined by generalized additive models for 10‐mm size classes up to 40 mm. In general, the optimal SST for larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence was consistently observed at 19–20°C. The patterns were more complex for SSS, but a peak in occurrence was observed at 34.75–34.80. In contrast, there were negative relationships of occurrence and density given the occurrence to CHL. These patterns tended to be consistent among different size classes, although the patterns differed for the smallest size class depending on environmental factors. Synthetically, the window for spawning and larval and juvenile occurrence and density seems to be largely determined by physical factors, in particular temperature. The environmental conditions which larvae and juveniles encounter would be maintained while they are transported. The survival success under the physically favorable but food‐poor conditions of the Kuroshio Current system could be key to their recruitment success.     

仿刺参幼体烂胃病及其致病原鉴定

山东、辽宁两省在仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）苗种培育期间的5-7月，耳状幼体易发生一种以胃壁增厚、萎缩、溃烂为主要特征的“烂胃病”。从患烂胃病的耳状幼体中分离到1株细菌LW-1，人工回接感染实验证实其具有较强的致病性，并与自然发病症状相同。通过API半自动化鉴定和常规的生理生化试验的结果表明，LW-1具有弧菌属的特征，其表型特征与灿烂弧菌（Vibrio splendidus）相似。对该菌株16S rRNA基因序列分析和构建系统发生树。结果显示，菌株LW-1与灿烂弧菌的亲缘关系最近，相似率达到99．8％。菌株LW-1可鉴定为灿烂弧菌，并视为耳状幼体烂胃病的致病原之一。通过对多起仿刺参苗期烂胃病的调查研究表明，烂胃病病原也具有多样性和复杂性，并与投喂老化腐败的单胞藻饵料有关。     

基于环境DNA metabarcoding的西轩岛近海鱼类多样性研究

鱼类多样性的保护对于生态系统的科学管理和资源的可持续利用至关重要。环境DNA metabarcoding技术的出现和应用为水生生物的调查与监测带来了强有力的技术革新。本研究以浙江舟山近海岛屿——西轩岛为例，设计了4个不同采样站位，先后于2019年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)和11月(秋季)共采集水样12个，通过环境DNA提取、扩增、高通量测序以及生物信息学分析，对西轩岛近海鱼类多样性进行了分析，同时评估了鱼类多样性的时空差异。结果显示，共监测到鱼类33种，隶属于12目26科32属，其中，鲈形目(Perciformes)种类最多，共19种，约占所有种类的57.6%。不同采样季节的多样性指数和均匀度指数均存在显著差异，表明季节可能是影响西轩岛近海鱼类多样性的因素之一。综合时间和空间分析的结果显示，在繁殖季节且远离舟山本岛一侧的采样点监测到的鱼种数量更多。通过比对之前传统渔业资源调查的结果发现，不同季节优势种存在较大变化，可能与采样点数量较少且集中有关。进化树富集结果显示，各季节的优势鱼种与传统调查手段的结果有较大差异，表明目前环境DNA仍不能完全替代传统调查方法，但可以将环境DNA方法与传统的调查方法相结合，以确保监测结果的准确性和可靠性。     

西北太平洋柔鱼渔情速报系统的开发

The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, is one of the most important jig fisheries in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In order to understand the movement of O. bartrami fishing-ground better and supply O. bartrami fishing-ground information for Chinese fishing boats in the northwest Pacific ocean, the fishing condition analysis and forecasting system of O. bartrami was developed successfully. The system was based on established comprehensive database, which included the catch data of O. bartrami (total yields, count of total fishing boats, fishing position etc. ) and oceanic environmental information (SST, SST gradient etc. ). Artificial intelligent technology about case-based reasoning was also combined with GIS component technology successfully in the system. The process and function of system establishment are composed of four parts: setting up of case database for central fishing-ground and its environmental factors, knowledge reasoning of fishery information, GIS visualization analyzing as well as trend forecasting of central fishing-ground and information production mapping. At last as an example of the results, an experimental central fishing-ground forecasting of O. bartrami from 9 to 15 in July 2002 in the northwest Pacific Ocean was given in the paper. The results showed that through three class similar searching forecasting central fishing-ground would move west, and indicating that forecasting of the system for O. bartrami central fishing-ground was correct by comparing to real fishing-ground from 16 to 22 in July 2002. Consequently, artificial intelligent expert system technology about case-based reasoning is a useful method for fishing condition and fishing-ground forecasting.