136kW渔船鳀鱼变水层拖网的试验研究

本文报道了改进设计的专用鳀鱼变水层拖网1994～1995年期间海上的试验结果。试验结果表明:该网的结构合理,网具性能优良。网口高度达12.6m,拖速提高到3.0～3.8节。拖网阻力比原生产网减少19％,平均网次产量比原生产网增产35.3％。     

萤光网线在单船底拖网上应用的研究

将萤光网线应用于拖网的网口附近及网袖部分，通过生产对照试验，着重从有关有线量、昼夜交替、天气变化、与捕捞对象、鱼类的生态的捕捞效应等关系分析研究。取得了其作业效率和经济效益高于现有生产网具的满意效果。文中还提出判别不同鱼种的有利用线量的有关统计方法，可为萤光网线在渔网上应用提供有益的借鉴。     

136kW渔船Ti鱼变水层拖网的试验研究

本文报道了改进设计的专用Ｔｉ鱼变水层拖网１９９４－１９９５年期间海上的试验结果。试验结果表明：该网的结构合理,网具有性能优良。网口高度达１２．６ｍ,拖速度提高到３．０－３．８节。拖网阻力比原生产网减少１９％,平均网次产量比原生产网增产３５．３％。     

中国沿海底层拖网网型分析

作者根据中国沿海现有几十种较有代表性的底层有翼单囊拖网网具资料,统计了大量的网具设计参数,并根据拖网的结构特征和作业性能来分析研究结果,认为在中国沿海拖网渔业生产中,使用较多、效果良好并具有一定代表性的底层有翼单囊拖网的网型,主要有尾拖型、疏目型、改进疏目型和编结型四种,并认为这四种网型的作业性能可简单地归纳为:改进疏目型为高口中速;尾拖型为中口中速;编结型为中口高速;疏目型为低口快速。     

变水层大目拖网的研制与应用

柴河水库是一座大型山谷型水库，养鱼水面１６６７ｈａ，平均水深１０ｍ，最大水深３４ｍ１９９３年３月对该库原中拖网网具结构等进行了改进，并研制了变水层大目拖网。试生产３２天，共捕鱼２３０１１５ｋｇ，最高网产达１９１２３ｋｇ，平均网产２８７６．４ｋｇ，是原中拖网平均日产量的１１．５倍。     

“崖南一、二号拖网技术应用与推广”通过鉴定

新会市水产局和崖南镇在我省群众渔业拖网优选2号网的基础上，进行了推广应用，并在推广过程中，理论联系实际，进行了技术改进，取得了增产15％以上、增殖20％以上的显著效益。改进后的“崖南一、二号网”，在新会市推广面达100％，在邻近地区也逐步得到推广应用。     

小型渔船绳拖网的研究与试验

１９９３～１９９５年，先后设计和试验了网口目大６ｍ，８ｍ，１０．８ｍ３种规格拖网，普遍增产２０％以上，本文着重介绍１３６ｋＷ渔船使用的网口目大８ｍ的拖网设计方法及试验情况，提出根据捕捞对象习性选择网身形状，根据网以力和渔船功率配置网线，并研究了网目尺寸和网口周长的确定以及网盖和网袖设计。     

寿光县全面推广普通拖网加网裙

<正> 黄海水产研究所、山东省海洋水产研究所、山东省寿光渔业技术推广站,在研究虾拖1号网释放幼鱼效果的同时,先后在寿光县羊角沟镇第二机轮队鲁寿渔0237—0238号渔船上进行了普通虾拖网加网裙试验,取得了良好的效果。经过1980、1981年的连续生产试验,释放幼鱼效果明     

294KW渔轮拖网模型静水池试验：1100×300mm双拖网

本文通过１１００×３００ｍｍ双船底层拖网模型静水池试验，论述了拖速对网具阻力，网口垂扩张性能和能耗等的关系，并就网具的厚，沉力配置，网袖结构改进了作作了讨论。     

山东省群众渔业变水层绳拖网研究↑（*）

近几年，山东省群众渔业绳拖网发展很快，进入９０年代以来，先后在蓬莱、荣成和环翠等地的１３６－１４７Ｋｗ渔船上试验了目大０８ｍ、１ｍ、２２ｍ、３５ｍ、４ｍ、５ｍ、６ｍ、７ｍ、８ｍ、１０８ｍ的绳拖网，取得显著效果。本文对山东省各种绳拖网的试验情况，网型特点，网线配置和其他方面的性能进行了综合分析，并提出改进意见。     

疏目拖网改革试验

将单拖网具的网目从原来的140.0mm放大到400.0mm、2000.0mm和8000.0mm之后,相应的网口周长也从原来的72.8m扩大到88.0m、148.0m和300.0m.在渔船主机功率不变的情况下,相应的拖速从3.0节提高到4.0、4.5和5.0节.网口高度也提高了2～5m.生产试验捕捞中上层等栖息水层较高的鱼类,渔获产量明显地提高.     

Effect of towing speed and net mouth size on catch efficiency in framed midwater trawls

ABSTRACT:   To investigate fish density using rigid-mouth, towed net gear, such as a framed midwater trawl (FMT), it is necessary to know the catch efficiency. The catch efficiency with an FMT is described as the rate of fish entering the net (entering rate) versus the rate of fish retention, i.e. the mesh selectivity. This study investigated the change in the catch efficiency under several towing conditions using three types of FMT of different net mouth areas (4.0, 12.3, and 16.0 m²) with the same mesh size. The catch efficiency of the FMT was evaluated by comparing catch per unit effort obtained from each towing condition. The catch efficiency of FMT varied with towing speed and net mouth area. Particularly, the effect of net mouth area on the catch efficiency was greater than that of towing speed. Additionally, under the same towing condition, the catch efficiency for large length fish was lower than that for small length fish.     

The commercial exploitation of sea trout, Salmo trutta L.

Abstract. The net and coble catch of sea trout in the River North Esk was sampled between 1977 and 1979. A comparison of the length frequency distribution of these samples with those of sea trout taken in a trap which was assumed to be unselective revealed that the net and coble fishery was very selective. Only isolated fish below 35·0 cm were encountered in the commercial catch samples, yet between 25% and 41% of the upstream migratory sea trout taken in the trap during the netting season were below this length. The sea trout in the commercial catch samples were predominantly maiden, one-sea-winter fish. The dominant age class each year was the 2·1 + group, 3·1 + fish comprising the other major age class. The freshwater age of the maiden sea trout sampled declined as the season progressed. The proportion of previously spawned fish in the samples ranged between years from 12% to 15%. The mean length and mean weight of sea trout sampled from each year's catch showed little variation, ranging from 42·9 cm to 43·3 cm and 971 g to 972 g, respectively. The ratio of males to females in the 1979 sample was 1·00:2·18. The use of morphometric characteristics, including head length, pectoral fin length and adipose fin length was investigated with the aim of distinguishing the sex of fish taken early in the season from external features alone. Although in each month the mean head length as a percentage of fork length of males was greater than that of females, this difference was not sufficient to enable the rapid determination of sex during commercial catch sampling routines. The exploitation rate of sea trout reaching the most upstream major fishing station, Morphie Dyke, was estimated from the recapture of upstream adult sea trout removed from a trap and released in the main river 2 km downstream of Morphie Dyke. The percentage exploitation rate at this fishing station was found to range between 6·4% and 12·2%, and the percentage exploitation rate for the entire net and coble fishery was at a level of approximately 30% during the period of the study. The sea trout statistics of the North Esk net and coble fishery for the period 1925–1979 were examined, and the effect of a change in fishing effort on these figures is described. Recent catch figures, although below those reported during the mid-1960s, are above the level of catches reported prior to 1952.     

变水层拖网捕捞小型中上层鱼类的试验

报道了专门设计的用于捕劳中上层鱼类的变水层拖网在1997－1998年期间海上的试验结果。结果：该网的结构合理，网具性能优良，网口高度达25－30m，拖网阻力比原生产网减少14．3％，平均网次产量是原生产网的1．46倍。     

聚乙烯编织线替代普通聚乙烯捻线对拖网性能的影响

聚乙烯编织网线比普通聚乙烯捻线强度高,用编织线来替代目前的普通捻线,可降低拖网渔具的阻力从而达到节能降耗的目的。本文通过实际取样测试,比较了两种网线的拉伸性能,在不降低原拖网渔具的单线结强力的前提下,用聚乙烯编织线代替原普通捻线,并通过模型试验研究其对拖网渔具性能的影响和节能效果。结果表明:单线结强力相同的两种网线,编织线的直径可比普通网线的直径下降15.17%以上。本试验编织线拖网的平均网线直径比原普通捻线拖网下降16.00%,网具阻力面积(线面积)从304.57 m2下降到256.47 m2,下降了15.79%。同等试验条件下,编织线拖网的阻力比普通捻线拖网下降17.25%左右,而网口高度的变化则不明显。能耗系数的计算结果为编织线拖网过滤同体积的水体所消耗的能量比普通捻线拖网下降16.67%。功率消耗的分析表明,消耗同样的功率,440 kW的双拖渔船使用编织线拖网,拖速可比普通捻线拖网提高8.33%,如采用和普通捻线拖网同样的拖速作业,则去掉起、放网所消耗的时间,以一天正常拖网作业18 h计算,可节约燃油77 L左右。     

Experimental study of the drag on fine-mesh netting

The hydrodynamic forces on netting have been investigated by many researchers. They proposed equations to estimate the drag and lift coefficients of the netting, taking the effects of the Reynolds number and solidity ratio into account. However, there are few studies on the hydrodynamic forces on netting with a fine mesh, which is sometimes used in Japan for farming small fish, such as young sardines. The size of the fine mesh is a few millimeters, whereas the solidity ratio of the netting is similar to that of standard netting. The drag on fine-mesh netting may increase because of the effects of blocking. In the present study, the drag on fine-mesh netting was examined by means of a towing experiment in a water tank. The experiment included an investigation of the drag on a planar net, a half-circular net, a circular net, and a circular net with a bottom, to understand the effect of the attack angle of the water current and wake. As a result, the drag coefficient of the plane net was in the range of those proposed in the previous studies. The effect of the attack angle of the water current was approximately reproduced by the cosine function. The reduction factors for the water current velocity through the circular net also agreed with those proposed in the previous studies, whereas it was approximately at the maximum among the previous estimations. Consequently, the drag on fine-mesh netting could be well explained by the estimates from the previous studies. However, the drag at the bottom of the net, parallel to the water current, was overestimated if hydrodynamic forces act on each transverse twine normal to the flow direction. The effects of the interactions among the twines, which are aligned parallel to the flow direction, should be specifically examined as a future study.     

刚性分离栅对网板虾拖作业渔获物的分离效果

根据2002—2003年在福建中南部海区的网板虾拖网作业，应用刚性鱼虾分离栅进行释放经济幼鱼和鱼虾分离试验的资料，文章对试验期间的渔获物进行统计分析。结果表明：网板虾拖作业网具采用刚性分离栅对鱼类和虾类的分离特别明显，对体形较大的蟹类也有一定的分离效果，而对头足类的分离不是很明显。放大囊网网目尺寸的网袋可减少对主要经济种类幼体和其它种类的捕捞，从而达到有选择性的捕捞，保护渔业资源。     

网口部分网衣结构对帆式张网性能的影响

通过对帆式我模型水池试验，研究了帆式张网网中部分网衣结构对网具性能的影响。试验表明：（１）背腹网网口网农弧形剪后，背腹网网衣受力均匀程度明显改善，网具阻力平均下降３．５％，网口垂直扩张平均增加４．７％，水平扩张平均增加７．２％。（２）背腹、侧网网口网衣剪成弧形后，网具阻力平均下降２４．２％。水平扩张低速时有所下降，但高速时开始增加，平均增幅为３．５％，侧网网口网衣弧形剪对网口垂直扩张影响不大。