南美白对虾池塘淡水养殖试验

１９９９年在广西水产研究所中试基地进行了南美白对虾池塘淡水养殖试验。在６００ｍ＾２的淡水池塘中投放平均全长２．３５ｃｍ的淡化虾苗２．５万尾，经７０ｄ饲养，生产成虫９８ｋｇ，成虾平均全长５．５９ｃｍ（最大为１０．６ｃｍ），平均体长８．３４ｃｍ（最大为９．４ｃｍ），平均体重７．７３ｇ（最大为１１．５ｇ），养殖成活率为５０．７％。     

南美白对虾的引进驯化及养殖试验

为了探索南美白对虾纯淡水养殖技术,莱芜市水产研究所在去年5月引进南美白对虾苗种100万尾,从5月下旬开始投苗,至8月中、下旬陆续收获,生长期80-90天,成虾平均规格11.9 cm,平均体重16.2 g,成活率60％,共收获南美白对虾成虾9 720 kg,总产值29万元,投入产出比1:1.8,取得了淡水池塘养殖南美白对虾的成功。现将其主要技术措施总结如下:     

大弹涂鱼池塘养殖技术研究

在一口面积为0．1ha的池塘，投放全长为2．5～3．0cm的大弹涂鱼鱼苗6000尾，养殖密度为6尾／m^2。经过一年的养殖，共收获成鱼116kg，单位面积产量为1160kg／ha，全长10．80～17．20cm,平均全长13．81cm；体长9．00～14．10cm，平均体长11．46cm；体重11．0～37．9g，平均体重21．77g。     

奥尼罗非鱼当年苗种池塘养殖达出口规格试验

在广西水产研究所那马中试基地进行了池塘养殖当年繁殖的奥尼罗非鱼苗种达出口规格试验。在1800m^2池塘中投放全长为3—4cm的奥尼罗非鱼鱼苗2860尾，经178d养殖，奥尼罗非鱼平均体重为O．75kg/尾(最大为1．1kg／尾)，平均体长为26．1cm(最大为29．5cm)，总产量为1750kg，平均产量为648kg／667m^2，养殖成活率为81．6％。     

池养罗氏沼虾生长试验

为了探索罗氏沼虾在中原地区的生长状况，做了池塘养殖罗氏沼虾对比试验。池塘三个，共9．4亩，其中1^#和2^#塘5月下旬放养，在生长旺季，月平均增长为1．9cm和2．05cm，亩产最高达139．6g，亩利润4575．1元；3^#塘6月上旬放养，生长旺季月平均增长1．7cm，亩产为111．9kg，亩利润2803．3元。研究表明生长旺季，虾越大，生长越快。提早放养，有利产量提高。     

南美白对虾淡水养殖试验报告

采取人工调兑淡水盐度，定点投喂颗粒饲料，调节水质及病害预防措施，在667m^2淡水池塘中养殖南美白对虾，经107天的饲养管理，共产南美白对虾160．2kg，平均体长达13．5cm/尾，体重20g/尾，成活率达到80．1％，共获利润5732．5元，投入产出比1：2．47。     

罗氏沼虾半咸水养殖

罗氏沼虾Macrobrachium rasenbergii(deMan)又称淡水长臂虾，是珍贵水产品，可生长于淡水或半咸水域。我所1994年在连江浦口敖江边进行大面积池塘半咸水试养，10口计68．4亩虾塘内，5月29日开始投放0．7cm淡化苗，经过130-150天饲养，收获成虾7，035公斤，平均亩净产虾102．9公斤，亩创收1，400元。现将试养情况总结如下。     

淡水池塘网箱养殖漠斑牙鲆试验报告

通过对漠斑牙鲆淡水池塘网箱养殖试验,掌握了该品种的生活习性,探索出漠斑牙鲆内陆地区淡水养殖模式,总结出养殖过程中应采取的技术措施。25m~2网箱总产漠斑牙鲆102．9 kg,平均单产4．12 kg/m~2,平均规格为306．25 g/尾,成活率达84%。     

凡纳滨对虾生态养殖高产试验

2008年进行了凡纳滨对虾生态养殖高产试验。本试验从虾苗、水质、饲料、日常管理等方面严格把关，杜绝了凡纳滨对虾养殖病害的发生，达到了生态养殖高产目的。在15．5亩的池塘中投放平均全长1．1cm的虾苗136．4万尾，经110d饲养，生产成虾19139kg，成虾平均规格60-63尾／kg，平均亩产1226．85kg、亩利润17177．96元。     

南美白对虾的淡水养殖技术

南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)是当今世界上公认的养殖产量高的三大优良虾种之一(其它两种为斑节对虾和中国对虾)。该虾具有生长快、抗环境变化能力强、抗病毒病、肉味鲜美、加工出肉率高等优点，是中南美洲对虾养殖的主要虾种，也是目前国际水产市场的俏销对虾之一。南美白对虾对温度和盐度适应范围较广，既可以在海水池塘中半精养和精养，又可以将淡化充分后的虾苗在纯淡水池塘中养殖。两广地区的养殖亩单产达300kg左右，苏沪等地的纯淡水试养亩单产也达100～200kg。我所于2000年7月以海南、广西等地引进的南美白对虾(虾苗体长1.0～1.5cm…     

盐碱地低盐水池塘网箱套养漠斑牙鲆技术研究

根据漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)适广温、广盐和较强的抗逆性等优良生态习性,采用地下卤水、盐碱地渗水,通过合理淡水配兑使其适合漠斑牙鲆生理生长需求,在我国中纬度地区利用盐碱地低盐水养殖过洋、暖温性漠斑牙鲆。2004-2005年,利用盐碱地低盐水池塘虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆349.5m2,产鱼3.749t,产虾55.065t,其中2005年虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆306m2,产鱼3.245t,平均10.6kg/m2,平均全长34.0cm,体重527.4g,养殖成活率为90.5%,产虾49.003t,平均408.4kg/亩,平均规格11.9cm,养殖成活率为71.23%。虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆,可充分利用水体空间,促使池塘高产高效,提高养殖经济效益。     

光唇鱼与凡纳对虾池塘混养技术初探

在一口面积0．347hm2，水深2m的池塘放养体长2～4em的光唇鱼苗28000尾和体长0．8～1．0cm的凡纳对虾（俗称南美白对虾）虾苗100×10^4尾（分别在5月中旬和8月下旬2次投放，各投50×10^4尾），经215d的饲养，收获商品光唇鱼295．3kg，折合产量851．0kg／hm2，成活率59％；两季对虾产...     

Comparing Profits from Shrimp Aquaculture with and without Green-Water Technology in the Philippines

To reduce disease impact, Philippine farmers developed the green-water (GW) system, which has been spreading rapidly since 2008. In the most applied GW-system, the shrimp pond receives water from a reservoir stocked with tilapia. We collected financial data on GW and non-GW systems from farms having similar management and environmental context. All farms had more than one pond; the average pond area was < 1 ha, and total pond areas per farm ranged from 1.4 to 139 ha. The total variable and fixed costs per ha of shrimp pond were not different for GW and non-GW farms, but on GW farms the cost per kg of shrimp produced was lower. The latter was higher than the 2009 market price of 30 g shrimp for non-GW farms mainly. In GW farms the cost of seed was lower, and survival rates and individual shrimp weights at harvest were higher for an equally long culture period.     

The effectiveness of a commercial microbial product in poorly prepared tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds

The efficacy of a commercial microbial product was tested in commercial tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds for one culture period in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Four ponds with replicates for treatment and control were used. The pond bottom was dried but the organic sludge was not removed as normally practised in pond preparation. The ponds were stocked with 15 post‐larvae at the rate of 31.m^?2. Physical, chemical and biological parameters of the pond were analysed every 2 weeks during the culture period. Water quality parameters remained within the optimum range for shrimp culture except for ammonia‐nitrogen being significantly higher in control ponds and silica in treated ponds. Benthic organisms were not found in any of the ponds. The average counts of different bacteria were not significantly higher in treated ponds than control. Because of poor health, the shrimp were harvested earlier (72 days) than the usual 120 days. An average of 875.60 ± 67.00 kg shrimp ha^?1 was obtained in treated ponds with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.57 ± 0.10 and survival rate of 42.35 ± 5.37% compared with 719.50 ± 130.94 kg shrimp ha^?1, 2.99 ± 0.70 and 21.25 ± 3.26%, respectively, in control ponds. Neither the microbial product nor the frequent water exchange was effective in overcoming the problems caused by the poor pond bottom.     

Hydrology of inland brackishwater shrimp ponds in Chachoengsao, Thailand

This study focuses on a new trend in shrimp aquaculture, the development of brackishwater ponds for Penaeus monodon culture in inland freshwater areas of Thailand’s Central Plain. Water balances were calculated for ponds and reservoirs at an inland shrimp farm in Chachoengsao, Thailand, between May and July 1999. Regulated inflow and outflow were the largest water fluxes, averaging 0.94 and 0.70 cm/day. Other daily average water gains were rainfall (0.52 cm/day) and runoff (1.7 cm/day), and other water losses were evaporation (0.31 cm/day) and seepage (0.52 cm/day). Over an entire crop cycle, of average length 109 days, average water inputs were: initial pond filling (84 cm); regulated inflow (103 cm); rainfall (57 cm); and runoff (3 cm). Average outputs were: regulated outflow (76 cm); seepage (57 cm); evaporation (34 cm); and draining at harvest (87 cm). The main feature of note in the water balance is the large volume of regulated outflow. All regulated outflow and most (82%) of the pondwater drained at harvest went directly to the irrigation canal system. Such large volumes of discharge could have serious environmental implications because small inland waterways have low assimilative capacity and pond effluent is saline. Consumptive water use for 14 inland shrimp ponds and reservoirs averaged 0.83±0.14 cm/day. Consumptive water use was also measured for 11 nearby rice fields, the main land use in the regions where inland shrimp farming is proliferating. Rice paddy water use averaged 0.91±0.17 cm/day. There was no significant difference in the daily consumptive water use of shrimp ponds and rice fields, suggesting that conversion from rice farming to shrimp farming would have little net impact on water availability for irrigation.     

南通地区海蜇、斑节对虾和缢蛏的生态混养

在江苏省南通市水深2m、面积467km~2的池塘中,每667m~2放养伞径5cm的海蜇Rhopilemae sculentum200只、全长1cm左右的斑节对虾Penaeus monodon 4000尾和4 000粒/kg的缢蛏Sinonovacula constrzcta 20万粒。经饲养,海蜇产量为855kg/km~2、斑节对虾67kg/km~2、缢蛏145kg/km~2,总产量为1 067kg/km~2,产值为8 600元,利润为6 057元,显示出较高的生态和社会效益。     

参虾池塘高效混养技术

7-9月刺参夏眠期间正是日本对虾快速生长的季节,在对虾池中人工造礁,第1年4月放入规格为80～120头/ kg的海参苗1740 kg,每年7月放入体长0.7～1.0 cm的日本对虾虾苗1.2×105尾,将刺参与日本对虾混养.在养殖过程中,刺参不投喂,只用卤虫、人工饲料、杂色蛤和四角蛤蜊投喂日本对虾,严格控制养殖池内的杂鱼虾,保持水质新鲜,可提高日本对虾和刺参的成活率,利用两者饵料和空间互补性,可显著提高虾池的利用率和经济效益.     

凡纳滨对虾地膜光伏集约工程化养殖试验

为研究地膜光伏工程化养殖模式的实用性,在地膜光伏工程化养殖系统中开展凡纳滨对虾养殖试验。地膜光伏工程化养殖系统由对虾养殖系统和光伏发电系统组成。取3口池塘进行凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖试验,放养密度为500尾/m^2,养殖试验周期100 d。凡纳滨对虾平均体长达到(9.77±0.11)cm,平均体质量(10.80±0.82)g。1号池塘产量为4.25 kg/m^2,存活率为78.71%,饲料系数为1.22;2号池塘养殖产量为4.42 kg/m^2,存活率为81.85%,饲料系数为1.18;3号池塘产量为4.07 kg/m^2,存活率为75.37%,饲料系数为1.25。养殖期间8:00水温范围为22.5~31.0℃;15:00水温范围为22.5~32.0℃,日气温差最大为11.0℃,日水温差最大为2.5℃。养殖期间pH稳定在7.00~8.34。养殖期间亚硝酸盐氮(NO-2-N)0~8.47 mg/L,总氨氮(TAN)0~7.83 mg/L。地膜光伏工程化养殖模式养殖凡纳滨对虾,实现了对虾养殖和光伏发电的双重收益,具有较大的实用价值,是一种值得推广的养殖模式。     

罗氏沼虾高产养殖技术试验

进行了北方地区提高罗氏沼韪养殖效益试验。采取虾苗暂养,控制水深,大棚保温,驯喂高含量蛋白质的人工饵料,加强管理和疾病防治等措施,在总面积２０亩的试验池中,共产罗氏沼虾２５１０ｋｇ,平均亩产１２５．５ｋｇ,出池规格３２尾／ｋｇ,平均每尾体长１５．３ｃｍ,商品率９８．５％。     

环形网在黑鲷与日本对虾混养池中的使用效果

为在虾池中混养黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus),特在虾池中设置环形网.在环形网内养殖黑鲷,并设置集鱼网箱以驱赶的方式将黑鲷集中捕捞;在环形网外边养殖日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus),通过移植藻钩虾(Amphithoe japonica)、拟沼螺(Assiminea sp.)等为对虾提供生物饵料.在2 hm2的虾池中养殖黑鲷产量4 330 kg,捕捞成活率100%,对虾产量为1 100 kg,获利6万余元.