饲料脂肪水平对点篮子鱼生长和体成分的影响

通过添加鱼油和豆油(1∶1)等比例混合油,配制6组脂肪水平分别为4.16%、7.42%、10.68%、14.20%、16.56%、19.62%的等氮饲料,标号依次为L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6。以初始体重28.09±0.60g的点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)为实验对象,经过八周的饲养,研究饲料脂肪水平对点篮子鱼生长及体成分的影响。结果表明:增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR),L3和L4组显著高于其它四组(P<0.05),且两指标均随饲料中脂肪含量的增加表现出先升后降的趋势。全鱼、肌肉及肝脏粗脂肪含量随饲料脂肪水平的升高而升高。全鱼粗蛋白含量L1与L6组最低,显著低于其它四组(P<0.05);肌肉蛋白、水分及灰分与饲料脂肪水平没有显著相关性(P>0.05)。肝脏水分含量随着饲料脂肪水平的升高而降低。综合点篮子鱼生长及鱼体成分分析,点篮子鱼饲料中脂肪适宜添加量为10.68%～14.20%,以增重率为指标,通过二次回归分析得出,点篮子鱼饲料中脂肪的最适添加量为13.94%。     

饲料蛋白质和能量水平对草鱼生长和鱼体组成的影响

采用3×3因子试验确定不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对草鱼生长和鱼体组成的影响。初始平均体质量为0.75g的试验鱼放养在27个规格为85cm×35cm×95cm的网箱中,每箱放养50尾。日粮中的蛋白源、脂肪源和可消化碳水化合物源,分别采用鱼粉、豆油和糊精配制,日粮设3个粗蛋白水平,每个蛋白水平有3个能量水平饲养草鱼84d。结果表明MPLL组(粗蛋白为30%,粗脂肪为4%)的特殊生长率和蛋白质效率最高,饲料系数最低,但与LPML组(粗蛋白为25%,粗脂肪为6%)差异不显著;总的来看,脂肪含量在4%和6%时特定生长率和饲料系数以中蛋白质组(MP,30%)最高,脂肪含量在8%时特定生长率和饲料系数以低蛋白质组(LP,25%)最高,表明饲料脂肪水平对鱼的生长和饲料系数有显著影响。随着饲料可消化能的增加,鱼体的脂肪含量增加,而蛋白和灰分含量没有多大变化。综合饲料成本等因素,本试验初步确定草鱼幼鱼生长所需的最适蛋白水平为25%,DP/DE约为23.47mg·kJ-1。     

不同营养素配比对点篮子鱼幼鱼生长及肌肉组成的影响

采用"金字塔"设计法,用蛋白质、脂肪、糖作为饲料组成变量配制21组饲料,对不同配比饲料影响平均体重(6.43±0.17)g的点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼的生长效果进行研究,确定点篮子鱼幼鱼饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和糖的最佳拟合比例。各试验组饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和糖的范围分别设为27%~45%、3%~18%和15%~24%,实验共持续56 d。结果表明,饲料中蛋白质水平对鱼体的特定生长率和相对增重率影响最大,脂肪水平的降低对鱼体生长有利,糖水平对鱼体生长的影响较小。低蛋白水平下,即饲料蛋白质水平低于40.38%时,饲料中脂肪水平和糖水平的升高或降低均不利于鱼体的生长;蛋白质水平高于43.75%的高蛋白低脂肪低糖饲料不能明显提高鱼体生长性能。当饲料中蛋白质水平为40.38%~42.49%、脂肪水平为6.33%~7.87%、糖水平为19.52%~21.14%时,鱼体生长性能和饲料效率最为理想。肌肉测定结果表明,点篮子鱼这种杂食性鱼类,饲料中蛋白质水平大于38.44%时,蛋白质就能在点篮子鱼肌肉中较好地沉积,高蛋白低脂肪低糖饲料不会显著提高肌肉中蛋白质的沉积,却会使脂肪和糖原的沉积量增加。综合点篮子鱼的生长性能和肌肉营养组成的研究结果,确定点篮子鱼饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和糖的最佳拟合比例为42.49%、6.33%和21.14%。     

凡纳滨对虾对饲料中钙、磷的营养需求

水温28~31℃,盐度21~24,养殖凡纳滨对虾幼虾,投喂以乳酸钙为钙源、磷酸二氢钠为磷源,在钙添加水平为0%、0.5%、1.0%的条件下,分别添加0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%的磷配制的15种饲料,探讨凡纳滨对虾饲料中钙、磷的适宜添加量。8周的养殖试验结果显示,饲料钙、磷水平及钙、磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾质量增加率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数和存活率(P<0.01)。饲料钙、磷水平极显著影响对虾肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和全虾粗蛋白的含量(P<0.01)。饲料钙、磷水平的交互作用极显著影响全虾粗蛋白和肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量(P<0.01)。饲料钙水平极显著影响全虾和虾壳的钙、磷含量及肌肉磷含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾肌肉钙含量(P<0.05)。饲料磷水平及钙、磷水平的交互作用极显著影响全虾、肌肉、虾壳的钙、磷含量(P<0.01)。饲料钙、磷水平及钙、磷水平的交互作用均不显著影响血清钙离子含量(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,以特定生长率为判断依据,通过折线模型分析得出,饲料中添加0.5%的钙和0.88%的磷时凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率最高。     

玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响

以鱼粉和玉米蛋白粉作蛋白源,配制6种等氮等能的饲料。其中5种饲料(C0、C12、C25、C38和C50.5)分别含有0%、12%、25%、38%和50.5%的玉米蛋白粉以替代相应的鱼粉蛋白。其余1种饲料(C50.5CAA)是在饲料C50.5基础上补充1.8%晶体氨基酸混合物(L-lysine:1.2%,L-arg:0.6%)。经7周的生长试验,结果表明随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代水平的升高,大菱鲆(12.51±0.02)g的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均显著下降。饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量为50.5%时,大菱鲆摄食率显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过25%时,大菱鲆特定生长率显著低于对照组(C0)(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过38%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率与对照组(C0)相比显著下降(P<0.05)。C50.5CAA组的摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率与C50.5组相比都有升高的趋势,但差异不显著。而饲料中添加晶体氨基酸显著提高了大菱鲆的饲料效率(P<0.05)。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量均无显著影响。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆血清甘油三酯和尿素氮含量也不产生显著影响,然而,随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量升高,血清总胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05)。     

饲料钙磷水平对宝石鲈生长和体成分的影响

以酪蛋白和明胶作为蛋白源，乳酸钙（Ca-lactate）和磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4•2H2O)为钙源和磷源，配制成D1（0.0%钙，0.0%磷）、D2（0.5%钙，0.0%磷）、D3（0.0%钙，0.6%磷）、D4（0.5%钙，0.6%磷）、D5（1.0%钙，0.6%磷）和D6（1.5%钙，0.6%磷）六种等氮等能纯化试验饲料。每组饲料饲喂3个重复，每重复饲养20尾宝石鲈幼鱼，经过室内网箱60天生长试验，探讨在饲料中添加钙磷对宝石鲈幼鱼（初始体质量13.42±0.68g）生长性能、全鱼和肌肉营养成分以及脊椎骨钙磷含量的影响。试验结果表明: 饲料中未添加磷组（D1和D2）试验鱼的终末体质量、特定生长率和脊椎骨钙磷含量显著低于添加组(P<0.05)，而饲料系数、全体和肌肉脂肪含量显著高于添加组(P<0.05)。当饲料中未添加磷时，添加0.5%钙对宝石鲈的特定生长率、饲料系数、全鱼和肌肉营养成分、脊椎骨的灰分和钙磷含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。当饲料中添加0.6%磷时，钙的添加量（0~1.5%）对宝石鲈的终末体质量、特定生长率、饲料系数、全鱼组成、肌肉组成（水分、粗蛋白和灰分）和脊椎骨组成（粗灰分、磷和钙磷比）没有显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料中钙添加量过大（1.5%）组脊椎骨钙含量显著减少(P<0.05)。饲料中添加磷显著降低了鱼体中粗脂肪含量(P<0.05)，但提高了脊椎骨钙磷的含量(P<0.05)。各组脊椎骨钙磷比均处于1.78～1.82范围内，组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过宝石鲈幼鱼生长性能和脊椎骨矿化作用分析表明，当饲料中添加0.6%磷时，钙的适宜添加量为0.5%。 关键词：宝石鲈；钙；磷     

人工饲料和浒苔饲喂对点篮子鱼幼鱼生长性能和消化酶活性影响

以点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼为研究对象,分别使用人工饲料和浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifra)饲喂点篮子幼鱼,实验周期90 d,对比两种饲料对点篮子鱼幼鱼的生长性能和消化酶活性影响。结果显示,人工饲料组幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、相对增长率及肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量、比内脏重和比肝重均显著高于浒苔组(P0.05),而粗灰分、比肠重、比肠长显著低于浒苔组(P0.05);人工饲料组幼鱼胃中胃蛋白酶活性,前肠和中肠的胰蛋白酶活性,幽门盲囊、肠和肝脏的脂肪酶活性均显著高于浒苔组,而幽门盲囊和肠的淀粉酶活性则显著低于浒苔组(P0.05)。饲喂浒苔的点篮子鱼幼鱼虽然生长性能低于人工饲料组,但其淀粉酶活性、比肠重和比肠长均高于人工饲料组,点篮子鱼对浒苔有良好的摄食和消化能力,浒苔能满足点篮子鱼的生长需求。     

黄鳍鲷幼鱼对几种不同糖源的利用

本研究用来评价黄鳍鲷幼鱼对饲料中葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精、玉米淀粉和预糊化玉米淀粉的利用。本试验饲料为6种等氮(粗蛋白:45%,干重)等脂(粗脂肪:9%,干重)的半纯化饲料,其中对照组糖源为纤维素。每种饲料设3个平行。试验鱼初始体重为(3.57±0.13)g(平均值±均差)。试验鱼饲养在含18个水族箱的循环系统中。水温保持在(27±1)℃。试验周期为8周。本试验用来评价黄鳍鲷幼鱼对饲料中不同糖源利用的指标为生长指标、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和肝脏的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶。试验结果表明,黄鳍鲷幼鱼体增重、特定生长率、肝体比、肠系膜脂肪体比、饲料效率、蛋白质效率、肝脂肪合成有关酶活性和全鱼、肌肉、肝脏组成均受到饲料中不同糖源的显著影响。预糊化玉米淀粉和麦芽糖组比其它糖源组显著具有更好的体增重和特定生长率,但与对照组没有显著性差异。黄鳍鲷幼鱼生长和体增重与饲料中糖源的复杂性没有相关性。饲喂预糊化淀粉和对照饲料鱼的饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著比其它组高。饲料中糖的添加增加了黄鳍鲷幼鱼的肝体比,但对照组肝体比与糊精组,玉米淀粉组没有显著性差异。预糊化玉米淀粉组肠系膜脂肪体比比其它饲料组要高。结论:基于体增重和特定生长率为指标,饲料中添加25%预糊化玉米淀粉和麦芽糖可以提高黄鳍鲷幼鱼的生长。另外,玉米淀粉预糊化显著提高了黄鳍鲷对玉米淀粉的利用。     

不同密度点篮子鱼与文蛤混养对鱼、贝生长和肌肉营养的影响

为防治贝类养殖池中浒苔暴发,研究了不同密度点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)与文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)混养对鱼、贝生长和肌肉营养的影响。实验设置5个点篮子鱼密度：0尾·m^-3(T0,对照组)、10尾·m^-3(T1)、30尾·m^-3(T2)、50尾·m^-3(T3)、70尾·m^-3(T4),分别与文蛤混养,实验周期56 d。结果显示,生长方面：1)点篮子鱼：T1组终末体质量、增重率均显著高于T4组(P<0.05);4个试验组中,T1组特定生长率、摄食率和增重率均最高,且饲料系数显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);T1组脏体比显著高于T3、T4组(P<0.05),但与T2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)文蛤：各组文蛤存活率、终末体质量及增重率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。肌肉营养方面：1)点篮子鱼：T3、T4组点篮子鱼肌肉总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于T1、T2组(P<0.05);T3组必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最高。2...     

饲料蛋白水平对鲈鱼生长、体组成及蛋白酶活力的影响

以初始体重为(34.15±0.33)g的鲈鱼Lateolabrax japonicus为研究对象,鱼粉和酪蛋白作为蛋白源,设计并制成蛋白质梯度分别为35%、40%、45%、50%、55%的5组配合饲料,进行为期56 d的生长试验,探讨配合饲料中不同蛋白质水平对鲈鱼生长、体组成及蛋白酶活力的影响。结果表明,各组鲈鱼存活率为91.7%-96.7%,无显著差异(P0.05);随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高,鲈鱼的特定生长率逐渐升高,当饲料蛋白质水平达到45%时趋于稳定,且饲料蛋白45%、50%、55%组试验的特定生长率显著高于35%组(P0.05);蛋白质沉积率呈先上升后下降的趋势,当饲料蛋白质水平达到45%时达到最大值;饲料蛋白质水平对鲈鱼鱼体水分含量无显著性影响(P0.05),鲈鱼鱼体粗蛋白含量随着饲料蛋白水平提高而增加,粗灰分、粗脂肪含量则呈减少趋势;随饲料蛋白质水平提高,胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性呈升高趋势,肝脏组织中谷草转氨酶的活性呈现升高趋势,而谷丙转氨酶的活性没有显著性变化(P0.05)。饲料中蛋白水平为45.00%-45.89%,其生长及蛋白沉积率最高。     

饲料糖水平对眼斑双锯鱼幼鱼生长性能和体成分的影响

为确定眼斑双锯鱼(Amphiprion ocellaris)幼鱼人工配合饲料的适宜糖水平,研究了糖水平为4.4%、8.4%、12.2%、16.1%、20.5%、24.5%和28.4%的人工饲料对眼斑双锯鱼幼鱼生长、饲料转化率和体成分的影响。结果显示,随着糖水平的升高,幼鱼增重率(WG)和特定生长率(SGR)呈先增加后降低趋势。回归分析表明,糖水平16.49%时WG最大;糖水平16.73%时SGR最大。饲料系数(FCR)随糖水平增加呈现先下降后上升的趋势,而蛋白质效率(PER)、蛋白质沉积率(PRR)和脂肪沉积率(LRR)的变化则相反。回归分析显示,糖水平9.20%时FCR最小;糖水平8.57%时PER最大;糖水平10.97%时PRR最大;糖水平14.12%时LRR最大。全鱼粗脂肪质量分数随糖水平升高而增加,糖水平20.5%时达到最高水平后略有下降。综合生长参数与糖水平的回归分析结果,眼斑双锯鱼生长最快的糖添加量为16.49%~16.73%;综合饲料效率参数与糖水平的回归分析结果,饲料效率最高的糖添加量为8.57%~14.12%。     

Protein requirement of jundia fingerlings, Rhamdia quelen, at two dietary energy concentrations

A feeding trial was carried out where five protein concentrations [26%, 29%, 33%, 37%, and 41% crude protein (CP)] were fed to jundia fingerlings at two dietary energy concentrations [3200 and 3650 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg diet] to establish the protein requirement for this species. Triplicate groups of 23 fish (average weight 1.52±0.34 g) were each stocked in 120-l aquaria and fed semipurified diets twice a day to apparent satiation. After 90 days, fish weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), energy retention (ER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), feed consumption (% body weight) and body composition (crude protein, fat, and ash) were affected by diet composition. Weight gain, SGR, FE, ANPU and ER increased (P<0.05) as the dietary protein concentration increased up to 33% and 37%, for fish fed diets containing 3650 and 3200 kcal, respectively. A significant interaction between dietary protein and energy was observed for WG, SGR, and PER. Feed consumption was not affected by dietary energy concentration, but decreased with increasing dietary protein concentration (P<0.05). Body fat decreased as dietary protein increased at both energy concentrations, but was higher in fish fed the 3650 kcal diet. The opposite was observed for body protein, ER, and ANPU (P<0.05). Our findings demonstrate that jundia presents dietary protein sparing effect when the energy concentration increases from 3200 to 3650 kcal/kg. Jundia protein requirement, determined by the broken line method, is between 32.6% and 37.3% CP, depending on dietary energy concentration.     

Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and bioeconomic benefits of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) juveniles, a candidate species for aquaculture sector. Eight experimental diets were formulated with four protein (50, 45, 40 and 35 %) levels for each of the two lipid levels (15 and 10 %). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish with an average initial body weight of ~3.64 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system and hand fed twice a day until satiation for a period of 60 days. In the experiment, no difference in survival rate was found between the different groups. Relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake were not significantly affected by increasing protein and/or lipid treatments in this present study. However, the RGR, SGR and FCR values showed slightly better efficiency in the experimental group (35/15) fed with lower protein content (35 %) and higher lipid level (15 %) compared with those fed other diets. According to bioeconomic analyses results, the diet with the 35 % protein and 15 % lipid generated the best profit. The results suggest that two-banded seabream can be accepted as a promising alternative species for the aquaculture industry and optimum growth of two-banded seabream fingerlings can be obtained when they are fed a diet containing 35 % crude protein and 15 % crude lipid.     

Effect of Different Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Juvenile Southern Flounder,Paralichthys lethostigma,Reared in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

The effects of six formulated diets containing different protein and lipid levels on growth performance and body composition of juvenile southern flounder were evaluated. Test diets were prepared with a combination of three crude protein (CP) levels (45, 50 and 55%) and two crude lipid (CL) levels (10 and 15%). Diets (CP/CL) were as follows: 45/10, 45/15, 50/10, 50/15, 55/10, 55/15 and a commercial diet (50/15). Southern flounder (1.10 g) were fed the respective diets for 42 d in triplicate recirculating tanks (20 fish/tank). Percent body weight gain (BWG) for fish fed diet 45/10 (413%) and the commercial diet (426%) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than fish fed other diets (823–837%). Increasing protein level from 45 to 50% produced a significant increase in BWG for the 10% lipid diet (823%) but further increasing protein did not produce a significant effect on BWG irrespective of dietary lipid levels. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and total lipid content in the whole body were significantly affected by different dietary protein and lipid levels. Results indicated that a combination of 50% protein and 10% lipid was optimal for the growth performance of southern flounder juveniles.     

Growth,feed utilization and body composition of African bonytongue,Heterotis niloticus,fingerlings fed diets containing various protein and lipid levels

In order to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of Heterotis niloticus fingerlings, a factorial experiment with three replicates was conducted. Six experimental diets containing three crude protein levels (28%, 32% and 36%) and two crude lipid levels (6% and 13%) were tested. Heterotis niloticus (2.34 g) were fed with the diets to apparent satiation, twice a day. For 56 days, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein retention (PR) were significantly affected by dietary protein and dietary lipid levels respectively (P<0.01). The highest WG, SGR and FE were observed for fingerlings fed the diet containing 36% protein and 6% lipid, but no significance difference was found between groups fed with the following diets: P28L13 (28% protein and 13% lipid), P32L6, P32L13 and P36L13. A significant interaction between dietary protein and lipid was observed for WG, SGR, FE and PR. The whole‐body protein, lipid, moisture and ash content were not significantly affected by dietary lipid levels, but body protein and lipid content were significantly affected by dietary protein. The dietary protein‐sparing effect was clearly demonstrated when the dietary energy of lipid increased from 17 to 19.6 kJ g^?1 at 28% crude protein on H. niloticus.     

不同饲料蛋白水平下点带石斑鱼对鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物的利用能力

通过10周网箱养殖实验,评价了不同饲料蛋白水平下点带石斑鱼对1种鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物的利用能力。采用2×4实验设计,设2个饲料蛋白水平(490 g/kg和530 g/kg粗蛋白),每个饲料蛋白水平下设4个鱼粉水平,其中1组饲料中加入500 g/kg鱼粉(对照),另外3组饲料中分别加入139、278、416 g/kg的鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物(鸡肉粉∶羽毛粉∶血粉=65∶20∶15)替代对照饲料中30%、60%、90%的鱼粉。实验鱼初始体重为(33.4±0.1) g。实验期间,除恶劣天气外,每天分两次按饱食量投喂实验鱼。实验结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对摄食量、增重,饲料系数、氮储积效率、能量储积效率和鱼体组成无显著影响;饲料鱼粉含量显著影响增重,饲料系数、氮储积效率和能量储积效率,但对摄食量和鱼体组成无显著影响。在相同饲料蛋白水平下,特定生长率(SGR)随鱼粉含量降低而下降;当鱼粉含量相同时,摄食高蛋白饲料的鱼SGR略高于摄食低蛋白饲料的鱼。本实验结果显示,通过添加鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物可将点带石斑鱼饲料鱼粉含量降低到200 g/kg,在490~530 g/kg范围内提高饲料蛋白水平无助于降低点带石斑鱼饲料鱼粉含量。     

饲料中碳水化合物水平对鲈鱼生长、生理状态参数及体组成的影响

以初始体重(34.26±0.37)g的鲈鱼Lateolabrax japonicus为研究对象,进行为期70d的生长实验,探讨饲料中不同的碳水化合物(CHO)水平对其生长、饲料利用、血糖水平和糖酵解酶活力的影响。实验配制6种不同CHO水平(0、6%、12%、18%、24%和30%)的等氮等脂饲料。结果表明,随着饲料中CHO水平的升高,特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,都在12%组达到最大值,并显著高于24%和30%组(P0.05),而肝体比(HSI)和脏体比(VSI)呈显著升高的趋势(P0.05),且在30%组达到最大值。饲料中不同CHO水平对鲈鱼成活率、肥满度、肌糖原和己糖激酶(HK)活力均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲料中不同CHO水平显著提高了鲈鱼粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量(P0.05),降低了灰分含量(P0.05)。饲料干物质的表观消化率(ADC)在各组之间差异显著(P0.05),18%组显著高于其余5组(P0.05),12%组饲料蛋白质的ADC显著高于对照组(P0.05)。血清中葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇含量随着饲料中CHO水平的增加而逐渐上升(P0.05),肝糖原含量先显著升高后趋于平稳(P0.05)。以SGR为评价指标,用二次曲线模型分析得出鲈鱼饲料中CHO的适宜添加量为17.75%。     

饲料蛋白水平对台湾泥鳅幼鱼生长、饲料利用率及免疫酶活性的影响

本研究旨在评价饲料蛋白水平对台湾泥鳅(Paramisgumus dabryanus ssp)幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用率及免疫酶活性的影响。选用初始体重为(8.57±0.35)g的台湾泥鳅720尾,随机分成4组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复60尾鱼,分别投喂蛋白水平为25%、30%、35%和40%的实验饲料,养殖时间为60 d。结果显示,随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,台湾泥鳅幼鱼末重(FW)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)先上升,饲料蛋白水平≥35%后,进入平台期。蛋白质效率(PER)、蛋白质沉积率(PRE)和成活率(SR)均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。摄食率(FR)则呈逐渐降低的趋势。基于FW、SGR和FER的折线模拟结果表明,台湾泥鳅幼鱼达到最佳生长速度及饲料效率的饲料蛋白水平为34.57%~35.37%。通过二次多项式回归分析可知,台湾泥鳅幼鱼蛋白利用率最高时的饲料蛋白水平为33.61%~34.68%。随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,台湾泥鳅幼鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。由此得出,适宜的饲料蛋白水平可促进台湾泥鳅幼鱼的生长,提高饲料效率,增强免疫酶活性。在本实验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、饲料利用率及免疫酶活性,台湾泥鳅幼鱼饲料最适蛋白水平为34.68%~35.37%。     

Effect of protein and lipid dietary levels on the growth of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

This study investigates the effects of dietary lipid and protein levels in the growth, feed utilization and body composition of meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish (23.4 ± 4.9 g average weight ± SD) were fed four isolipidic diets (17.5% crude lipids) containing 40, 45, 50 and 54% of protein, while in a separate experiment, fish (21.8 ± 3.7 g average weight ± SD) were fed four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein, dry matter) each containing 12, 15, 17 or 20% of crude lipids. In the protein requirement experiment, the increase in crude protein in the diet from 40 up to 50% positively affected SGR (Specific growth rate) and FCR (Feed conversion ratio). The increase in crude lipids in the diet from 12 up to 17% showed a tendency for improvement in SGR and FCR. In both experiments, the fastest growing fish exhibited higher lipid depots. Overall, the present investigation showed that juvenile meagre has an estimated protein requirement of 50% and it does not seem to require high dietary lipid levels.