球等鞭金藻培养液中卵形小球藻的繁殖控制方法

不同藻类生长、繁殖的生态条件是不尽相同的利用球等鞭金藻（Ｉｓｏｃｈｙｓｉｓｇａｌｂａｎａ）与其污染藻－卵形小球藻（Ｃ．ｏｖａｌｉｓ）生态习性的差异，在培养过程中对藻液ＰＨ值进行人工控制，使其保持在球等鞭金藻生长的适宜范围之内，从而达到促进球等鞭金藻生长，控制卵形小球藻繁殖之目的。本文通过对３组污染程序不同的藻液的对比培养实验发现，在温度范围１７－１８．４℃，照度范围３０００－８０００Ｌｕｘ条件下，     

硫酸庆大霉素在湛江叉鞭金藻培养中的抑菌研究

在１８－２１℃的条件下,１２５ＩＵ／ｍｌ浓度的硫酸庆大霉素连续施５天,能抑制江叉鞭金藻中９９．７％的有害菌－ＱＤ９６－Ｉ,并能使湛江叉鞭金藻恢复到最佳生长状态。     

球等鞭金藻8701的耐低温机理

对耐低温品系球等鞭金藻８７０１在低温下与活性氧清除和伤害有关的几个生理生化指标进行了研究，探讨了其耐低温机理，并与该藻种的低温敏感品系球等鞭金藻３０１１进行了比较，结果表明，（１）球等鞭金藻８７０１在低温下（８℃）培养一周，其超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性略有下降，但仍保持极高的酶活性，因此能够及时清除低温胁迫产生的过量活性氧，使其细胞内保持较低的膜脂过氧化水平和较低的电解质外渗率,（２）球等鞭金藻３０１１在低温下胁迫一周，其细胞内的膜脂过氧化水平和电解质在率大大高于球等鞭金藻８７０１，这与其ＳＯＤ活性较低，并且在低温下其活性大幅度下降有关，（３）与ＤＯＤ相比，两种不同品系球等鞭金藻的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）对减轻其低温伤害，提高其耐低能力，不起主要作用。     

湛江叉鞭金藻生态条件的研究1．营养盐浓度对湛江叉鞭金藻增殖的影响

１９９０年３月１５日－４月９日在室内自然温度变化条件下（１１－１８℃），采用浓度１－５‰的康威营养盐溶液培养湛江叉鞭金藻。结果表明，３‰浓度对增殖效果最好，经６天培养，细胞密度由６５．５－７６．０×１０４ｍｌ－１。     

孔雀绿对湛江叉鞭金藻的毒性效应

在２０℃和３０℃下，用含有不同浓度（０．０２～０．１０μｇ／Ｌ）孔雀绿的海水，在室内用一次培养法培养湛江叉鞭金藻，测定了４天内金藻的生长速率、叶绿素ａ、胡萝卜素和蛋白质含量。结果表明，０．０２μｇ／Ｌ的孔雀绿对金藻有轻微影响，浓度≥０．０４μｇ／Ｌ的孔雀绿能使金藻的生长速率、叶绿素ａ、胡萝卜素和蛋白质含量明显减少。温度对孔雀绿的毒性有明显影响，温度越高，毒性越大。     

对虾育苗中常用海洋微藻抑菌作用的研究

研究了等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻、扁藻对对虾育苗中致病菌鳗弧菌、假单胞菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻、扁藻的水溶性物质及脂溶性物质对鳗弧菌有抑制作用;等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻的水溶性物质及等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻、扁藻的脂溶性物质对假单胞菌有抑制作用。在抑菌试验中,等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻、扁藻密度达10×104/ml时,对对虾育苗池水的抑菌作用较好,特别是对弧菌的抑制效果明显。     

光照对湛江等鞕金藻不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响

金藻门的湛江等鞭金藻含有其他别门藻类所不含有的DHA和EPA,并且其脂肪酸含量受环境因子的影响较大。本实验对不同光照强度和光照周期下湛江等鞭金藻的脂肪酸组成和含量进行分析。结果显示,光照强度对DHA的含量影响显著,光照时间对EPA的含量影响显著。本研究通过研究光照对湛江等鞭金藻不饱和脂肪酸的影响,希望对湛江等鞭金藻的进一步开发利用提供思路。     

日本海马仔鱼消化系统的组织学研究

日本海马仔鱼消化系统的组织学研究ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＨＩＳＴＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＤＩＧＥＳＴＩＶＥＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＦＬＡＲＶＡＬＳＥＡ－ＨＯＲＳＥ张峰（大连水产学院，１１６０２３）ＺｈａｎｇＦｅｎｇ（ＤａｌｉａｎＦｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓＣｏｌｅｇｅ，１１６０２３...     

两种藻类饲喂中华哲水蚤的繁殖差异

通过室内实验研究了中华哲水蚤摄食三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)后产卵率、孵化率变化。22d的实验时间,摄食三角褐指藻的中华哲水蚤平均产卵率为0.24±(0.07)/d,雌体存活率较低,摄食球等鞭金藻的产卵率为7.84±(1.12)/d,雌体存活亦较高。不论在藻类溶出液和过滤海水中摄食三角褐指藻后所产的卵孵化率都低于摄食球等鞭金藻者。这表明对照球等鞭金藻相比,硅藻三角褐指藻对中华哲水蚤产卵和孵化都存在明显的抑制作用。脂肪酸分析结果显示,在三角褐指藻细胞内,对桡足类繁殖十分重要的多不饱和脂肪酸(PU-FAs)和特定脂肪酸(ω3,ω6)的含量皆较低。     

新分离出的5种微藻的适宜生长温度试验

新分离的５种微藻是细小裂面藻（Ｍｅｒｉｓｍｏｐｅｄｉａｍｉｎｉｍａ）微型小球藻（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａｎａｎａ）朱氏四片藻（Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓｃｈｕｉ），淡色紫球藻（Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｉｄｉｕｍｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｕｍ）和波海红细胞藻（Ｒｈｏｄｏｍａｏｎａｓｂａｌｔｉｃａ）试验表明５种藻在１０－３０℃的试验温度内都能生工成活，生长繁殖的适温范围在１５－２５℃，最适温度是２０－２５℃，在１０℃和３０℃时，生长     

4种单胞藻对卤虫生长和生殖影响的比较研究

以亚心形扁藻、小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻为饵料,卤虫为投喂对象,建立五个实验组分别进行研究,观察不同饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响,结果表明:投喂亚心形扁藻的卤虫生长最快,成活率高,生殖量也最多,其次为绿色巴夫藻组,湛江等鞭金藻的饵料效果最差.混合4种单胞藻投喂的效果也较好.     

球等鞭金藻生长抑制物对自身藻细胞的抑制效应

研究了生长抑制物1-羟基，丙二酸二乙酯-十二烯酸异丙酯（HDMA）对自身细胞生长、叶绿素和丙二醛（MDA）含量、胞外可溶性蛋白质和多糖含量、硝酸还原酶（NR）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性等生理指标的影响，分析HDMA对球等鞭金藻的抑制效应。结果表明，HDMA显著降低了细胞密度、叶绿素含量以及NR、SOD和POD活性，显著增大胞外可溶性蛋白质和多糖的比值，并且还明显提高MDA含量。因此，我们认为HDMA能够影响微藻细胞的某些生理生化过程。其中包括降低叶绿素含量，影响光合作用；改变胞外可溶性蛋白质和多糖的比值，增强细胞的疏水性，促使细胞絮凝；降低微藻硝酸还原酶和抗氧化体系酶的活性，影响细胞内营养平衡，并加速细胞体内活性氧的积累，导致细胞发生过氧化反应，从而影响微藻生长。     

金藻3011和8701与球等鞭金藻的18S rRNA基因研究

对金藻3011和8701的18S rRNA基因序列进行测定,分别获得1695 bp和1684 bp的DNA序列。应用DNAMAN,DNAstar和RnaViz 2.0生物软件,将获得的DNA序列与球等鞭金藻的18S rRNA基因序列进行DNA序列和RNA二级结构对比分析。DNA序列分析显示,三者的18S rRNA基因序列非常保守,相似性在99.5%以上,三者应同为球等鞭金藻;RNA二级结构分析显示,三者的RNA二级结构既存在球等鞭金藻种的特异性茎环结构,又存在明显的差异,并且从相近水域(山东)分离出来的3011和8701相对于采自挪威水域的球等鞭金藻具有更大的结构相似性;相对于3011,8701可能与球等鞭金藻具有更高的同源性。由此可见,单纯的18S rRNA基因序列分析可能不适用于球等鞭金藻种下水平的研究,但是其RNA二级结构分析对球等鞭金藻的物种鉴定,甚至是种下地理株的研究都具有非常重要的意义。     

不同饵料对毛蚶幼体发育的影响

在毛蚶人工育苗过程中,使用球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻4种藻类的不同组合投喂毛蚶幼体。结果表明,饵料种类越多,变态率越高,生长速度越快;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻搭配(体积比1:1:1:1)变态率为30%,出库需(壳长1 mm)27 d;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1:1)变态率为29%,出库需29 d;球等鞭金藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为24%,出库需31 d;角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为19%,出库需33 d;单一投喂小球藻,变态率为3%,出库需44 d。说明不同饵料间的营养可以互补,多种饵料搭配能为幼体发育提供更全面的营养,饵料多样性是影响幼体培养效果的重要因素。     

Cryopreservation of trochophore larvae from the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria: Evaluation of the cryoprotectant toxicity,cooling rate and thawing temperature

Aquaculture of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria is a $65 million industry along the east coast and Gulf of Mexico coast in the United States. The goal of this study was to develop a preliminary protocol to cryopreserve trochophore larvae of hard clams. The objectives were to evaluate the: 1) toxicity of cryoprotectants, including dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and glycerol, at 5, 10, 15 and 20% for exposure time of 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min; 2) effects of cooling rates (5, 10, 20 and 30°C/min for the first trial; and 1, 3 and 5°C/min for second trial from 4 to ?80°C), thawing temperature (30, 40 and 50°C) and their interactions on post‐thaw viability. A basic protocol was concluded as: 15‐hr trochophore larvae mixed with DMSO or propylene glycol (5, 10%), equilibrated for 15 min, cooled in a programmable freezer from 4 to ?80°C at a cooling rate of 5°C/min and thawed at 50°C for 6 s. With this protocol, the immediate post‐thaw trochophore survival was 23 ± 14%, and survival to D‐stage was 27 ± 14%. This is the first report on larval cryopreservation in the hard clam and would have application for genetic breeding and seed production.     

菲律宾蛤仔摄食率与温度、壳长和饵料浓度的关系

以等边金藻3011为饵料，采用室内流水法，在12、20和24℃3个温度和不同的壳长、饵料浓度下，测定并计算了温度、壳长和饵料浓度与菲律宾蛤仔摄食率的关系，并建立了相关数学模型。结果显示，在实验条件范围内，摄食率随着饵料浓度的增大而增大，且符合幂函数方程。摄食率可以用温度、壳长和饵料浓度的自然对数方程表示，其模型为：IR=21．2LnT＋20．06LnL＋7．10LnC-97．95，经协方差分析结果表明，其相关系数呈非常显著水平。     

铜离子对湛江等鞭金藻生长的影响

在不同的Cu离子浓度下分别培养了湛江等鞭金藻。结果显示,Cu离子浓度低于10-6mol/L时,有利于藻细胞的生长繁殖,其中在10-7mol/L时藻细胞的生长相对较快;叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量相对较高;细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及O2-产生速率相对较低;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性相对较强。结果表明,在湛江等鞭金藻的培养液中加入浓度为10-7mol/L的Cu离子时最利于其生长,其细胞内各项生理生化指标处于最佳状态。     

Evaluation of Fatty Acid Enrichment of Live Food for Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus chrysurus Larvae

Abstract— The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of varying dietary levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in Live prey on the standard length, specific growth rate, survival, and fatty acid composition of yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus larvae. Two experiments were conducted utilizing rotifers and Artemiu enriched with live algae ( Isochrysis galbana or Nannochloris oculata ) or commercial preparations (Aquagrow Advantage, Aquagrow Advantage plus Aquagrow arachidonic acid, and Algarnac 2000). Larval growth and fatty acid composition were evaluated during the rotifer, B rachionus plicatilis , and Artemia feeding periods and survival rates were calculated at the termination of each trial (18 or 20 d after hatching). In general, prey enriched with the commercial products contained higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, n-3 HUFA, and × HUFA than those enriched with live algae. The addition of arachidonic acid to the Aquagrow Advantage enrichment medium significantly increased the amount of this fatty acid in rotifers but not in Artemia . At the end of the growth trials, larval standard length was highest when larvae were fed prey enriched with I. galbanu (6.4 mm) or commercial preparations (6.7–7.1 mm) versus N. oculatu (5.2 mm). Furthermore, larvae fed prey enriched with commercial preparations had significantly ( P < 0.05) higher survival rates (2.2-5.9%) than those fed prey enriched with live algae (1.1-1.4%). These results suggest that yellowtail snapper larvae require dietary levels of HUFA beyond those achieved by enriching prey with live N. oculata or I. galbana     

Optimization of triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814), using 6-dimethylaminopurine

Optimal conditions of 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP) for triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814) were investigated, targeting inhibition of second polar body (PB2) formation. Two experiments were conducted at a water temperature of 17.5–18.5°C where factorial combination of (1) four dosages (DSs) of 100, 150, 200 and 250 μM 6‐DMAP, four starting times (STs) of 15, 20, 25 and 30 min post fertilization, and two treatment durations (TDs) of 20 and 30 min and (2) three DSs of 50, 100 and 150 μM 6‐DMAP, three STs of 15, 20 and 25 min post fertilization, and three TDs of 10, 20 and 30 min, were applied respectively. Day 3 larvae were sampled for triploidy and survival. Percent triploidy was verified using flow cytometry (FCM). Results show that optimal inductions that combine both high rates of triploidy and reasonable survival were those treatments commenced 15 or 20 min post fertilization and continued for 20 or 30 min, using 100 μM 6‐DMAP. These conditions induced rates of triploidy and relative survival of 80.5–93.3% and 36.5–40.2%, respectively, in the first experiment, and corresponding rates were 79.1–93.6% and 20.7–43.0% in the second experiment. High percent triploidy were also obtained in a number of treatments using 150 μM 6‐DMAP, but with overall survival rates generally lower than those using 100 μM 6‐DMAP.