大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响

为研究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响,以30%鱼粉组为对照组(A0),大豆小肽蛋白分别替代17%、33%和50%的鱼粉作为实验组(A17、A33和A50),配制4种等氮配合饲料。每组设置4个重复,每个重复饲喂30尾平均体重为(3.7±0.6) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼,进行为期80 d的饲养实验。结果显示,A17组生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),A33组除增重率(WGR)显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),其余指标均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。A50组饵料系数(FCR)显著高于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05),增重率、特定生长率(SGR)及蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05)。各实验组肥满度(CF)和脏体比(VSI)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼全鱼水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P<0.05);然而,当大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉水平从33%升高至50%时,鱼体粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各实验组肠脂肪酶和肠淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),A33和A50组胃淀粉酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)活性无影响。综上所述,黄颡鱼配合饲料中鱼粉替代量小于33%时,黄颡鱼生长性能最佳,且对鱼体肝脏抗氧化功能无不利影响。本研究首次探究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长等的影响,以期为黄颡鱼饲料配制和大豆小肽蛋白的使用等提供参考。     

蚕蛹替代鱼粉对框鳞镜鲤幼鱼生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响

为研究蚕蛹替代鱼粉对框鳞镜鲤幼鱼生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响,试验配制含10%鱼粉的基础饲料(CP 36.18%,EE 5.18%)和蚕蛹替代50%鱼粉蛋白的蚕蛹饲料(CP 35.38%,EE 5.06%),饱食饲喂饲养于室内循环水养殖系统中的框鳞镜鲤幼鱼(12.10±0.89)g 61 d,日投喂3次。结果显示,蚕蛹组与鱼粉组的末体质量、增重率、特定增长率、饲料系数、成活率等生长性能指标,肥满度、内脏指数、脾脏指数、肝胰脏指数、肠指数等生物学性状指标,以及全鱼、肌肉、肝胰脏的一般营养成分均无显著性差异(P>0.05);蚕蛹组全鱼Lys水平和肌肉Tyr水平,肌肉C14∶0、C16∶1n-7、C18∶1n-7水平显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),C18∶3n-3、∑n-3PUFA水平显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),肝胰脏C18∶3n-3、C22∶5n-3水平显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),动脉粥样硬化指数(IA)和促凝血指数(IT)差异不显著(P>0.05);蚕蛹组和鱼粉组血清生化指标无显著性差异(P>0.05);蚕蛹组和鱼粉组的前肠和中肠肠道褶皱高度、褶皱密度、褶皱宽度、粘膜下层厚度没有明显差异(P>0.05),蚕蛹组前肠肌层显著较鱼粉组薄(P<0.05),中肠没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑其生长指标、体成分、血清生化指标及肠道组织结构形态,蚕蛹替代框鳞镜鲤日粮中50%鱼粉蛋白对机体氨基酸和脂肪酸组成有一定影响,但不影响框鳞镜鲤的健康状况,且有促进生长及饲料利用的趋势。     

不同配合饲料与冰鲜鱼的投喂对三疣梭子蟹生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

探讨了不同配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)生长性能、体组成及血清生理生化指标的影响。试验共分三个处理组:以红鱼粉为主要蛋白源的红鱼粉组,以白鱼粉为主要蛋白源的白鱼粉组以及冰鲜鱼组。每组20只幼蟹(初始平均体重:16.38±5.33g),单体饲养于塑料养殖筐中56d。结果表明:红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹成活率比较高,增重率、特定生长率均显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),而饵料系数显著低于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组之间各生长指标无显著差异(P0.05);各组幼蟹体成分中的水分,粗蛋白,粗灰分含量均无显著差异(P0.05),但红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹粗脂肪含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),且红鱼粉组显著高于白鱼粉组(P0.05);投喂配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及葡萄糖、甘油三酯含量无显著影响,但配合饲料组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于冰鲜鱼组,红鱼粉组的总蛋白含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05)。综合实验结果,投喂配合饲料显著提高了三疣梭子蟹的生长性能、体粗脂肪含量与血清碱性磷酸酶活性,投喂配合饲料效果显著好于冰鲜鱼,而三疣梭子蟹对红鱼粉与白鱼粉的利用没有显著差异。     

饲料蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血浆生化指标的影响

以鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个不同蛋白质水平(34.85%,40.48%,46.54%,51.54%,56.69%)的等能饲料.以初始体质量为(54.52±0.23)g的星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)为实验对象,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行54 d的摄食生长实验,研究饲料蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血浆生化指标的影响.结果显示:(1)增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而上升,51.54%和56.69%饲料组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其余各组差异显著(P<0.05);51.54%饲料组的蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);51.54%饲料组的蛋白质沉积率(PRE)也显著高于34.85%、46.54%和56.69%组(P<0.05),但与40.48%饲料组差异不显著(P>0.05).以增重率为参考指标,折线回归分析结果表明,星斑川鲽幼鱼获得最佳增重时对饲料中蛋白质的需要量为53.56%.(2)饲料不同蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼鱼体灰分含量没有显著影响,但显著影响了鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水分的含量(P<0.05).51.54%饲料组鱼体粗蛋白含量最高,显著高于34.85%组(P<0.05),而与40.48%、46.54%和56.69%组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);鱼体粗脂肪含量随着饲料蛋白水平的升高而下降,水分含量表现出与粗脂肪含量相反的趋势.(3)饲料蛋白含量对星斑川鲽幼鱼部分血浆生化指标也产生了显著性的影响.血浆总蛋白(TP)以51.54%组最高,与56.69%组差异不显著(P>0.05),,但显著高于34.85%、40.48%和46.54%组(P<0.05);40.48%、51.54%和56.69%组间血浆尿素氮(BUN)含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于34.85%和46.54%组(P<0.05).综合以上结果,星斑川鲽饲料中蛋白质适宜添加量为51.54%～53.56%.     

饥饿与再投喂对方斑东风螺生长、基本营养成分及RNA/DNA比值的影响

在(25.8±1.7)℃条件下,测定了方斑东风螺(5.25±0.53)g在不同时间(7、15、25和40d)饥饿处理后再投饵30d过程中的生长参数、基本营养成分及组织RNA/DNA比值的变化。饥饿状态下,螺体水分含量逐渐上升,第15天时显著高于对照组;脂肪与糖原含量均下降,并分别于饥饿15d、25d时显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而蛋白质含量在不同处理组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);足肌与肝胰脏中RNA/DNA比值均随饥饿时间延长而逐渐降低。恢复生长后,除饥饿40d组含水量显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),该组其余营养成分及其它各组相应指标均恢复至或接近对照组;RNA/DNA比值除在饥饿40d组肝胰脏中仍较低外均接近或显著高于对照组。各组幼螺摄食率(FR)均高于或显著高于对照组(P<0.05),体重增量、食物转化率(FCE)在前3处理组及特殊生长率(SGR)在饥饿7d与25d组均与对照组间无显著差异(P>0.05),而饥饿15d组的SGR显著高于对照组(P<0.05);饥饿40d组尽管FR显著提高,但体重增量、FCE及SGR均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,方斑东风螺幼螺饥饿时主要消耗脂肪与糖原...     

不同大豆产品替代鱼粉饲养南美白对虾的试验

分别采用脱皮豆粕、大豆蛋白、发酵豆粕等大豆产品,等氮替代饲料中10%的鱼粉(对照组鱼粉35%,替代组鱼粉25%),饲养体重为0.06 g南美白对虾(Penaeus vannam eiBoone)一个月,结果表明,对照组(35%鱼粉)幼虾的增重率、成活率均最大,为1316%、97.5%;脱皮豆粕组幼虾的增重率为最低,仅783%;哈姆雷特大豆蛋白、比多福大豆蛋白、富肽蛋白(发酵豆粕)组幼虾增重率为1033%、983%、1050%,均显著高于脱皮豆粕组(P<0.05),但低于对照组(P<0.05);对虾体肌肉成分的分析显示,各组幼虾肌肉在水分、蛋白质含量方面没有显著差异。上述结果表明,大豆蛋白和发酵豆粕均为优于脱皮豆粕的鱼粉替代品。     

饲料蛋白对翘嘴红鲌蛋白质周转代谢的影响

选择健康的翘嘴红(体重12.84±0.60g)为试验鱼,以红鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个蛋白水平(31.04%、35.51%、40.89%4、6.62%、50.33%)的等能、等必需氨基酸(EAA)平衡关联度的半精制饲料;又以豆粕替代鱼粉,大豆蛋白分别替代0、13.5%、27%、40.5%、54%的鱼粉蛋白,配制5个EAA关联度的等蛋白(40%)、等能(20MJ.kg-1)的半精制饲料,探讨饲料蛋白水平和大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白的替代对翘嘴红肌肉和肝胰脏蛋白质周转代谢的影响。8周饲养结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴红的特定增重率(SGR)具有显著性影响(P<0.05),40.89%饲料蛋白组的SGR显著高于31.04%、35.51%饲料蛋白组(P<0.05),但与46.62%和50.33%饲料蛋白组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);饲料蛋白水平对白肌、肝胰脏蛋白质生长率具有相似的影响,40.89%饲料蛋白组的白肌、肝胰脏蛋白质生长率分别达到2.13%.d-1,显著高于31.04%和35.51%两组(P<0.05),但与46.62%和50.33%饲料蛋白组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。饲料蛋白水平的增加促进了翘嘴红的生长和蛋白质的合成。肌肉蛋白质合成率(Ks)、蛋白质降解率(Kd)随饲料蛋白水平的增加而增加(P<0.05),肌肉蛋白质的增加归因于蛋白质合成的增加较降解的增加更占优势,蛋白质的沉积率在适宜蛋白水平时最高。当大豆蛋白分别替代13.5%2、7.0%4、0.5%的鱼粉蛋白时,翘嘴红的SGR与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而且都显著高于54.0%替代组(P<0.05)。白肌蛋白质生长率(Kg)也显著受到大豆蛋白替代的影响(P<0.01),当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量为40.5%时,与对照组相比,Kg极显著下降(P<0.01)。随着饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量的增加,白肌Ks随之降低,当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量达54%时,与对照组相比,肌肉Ks显著下降(P<0.05)。白肌Kd与白肌Ks的变化趋势相似(P<0.1),而PDE没有受到饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代的影响(P>0.05)。可见随着大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量的提高,氨基酸平衡关联度逐渐降低,蛋白质合成逐渐降低(P<0.05),生长下降,饲料必须氨基酸平衡程度的变化没有改变蛋白质的沉积效率。     

不同脂肪源对异育银鲫鱼种生长、消化率及体成分的影响

为了探讨不同脂肪源对异育银鲫生长、消化率和体成分的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加4%的鱼油、豆油、猪油、花生油和混合油(鱼油∶豆油∶猪油=3∶4∶3)制成5种等氮试验饲料,饲喂均重为(6.04±0.05)g的异育银鲫60d。结果表明,混合油组的增重率、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于鱼油组和猪油组(P<0.05),但与其他组无显著差异(P>0.05);蛋白质效率(PER)、饲料系数(FCR)各组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);豆油组的肠体比显著高于鱼油组和猪油组(P<0.05);猪油组的肝体指数(HSI)显著高于鱼油组(P<0.05),猪油组的内脏指数显著高于混合油组(P<0.05);不同脂肪源对肥满度的影响不显著(P>0.05);鱼体肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和磷各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);猪油组肝脏中粗脂肪含量显著高于鱼油组和花生油组(P<0.05);肝脏中粗蛋白鱼油组和豆油组显著高于猪油组和花生油组(P<0.05);猪油组粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。研究结果显示,当豆油和花生油单独添加时,与添加鱼油组表现出相似的生长性能、表观消化率和体成分,而单独添加猪油,鱼体对...     

糖基化大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉对黄河鲤幼鱼生长及糖代谢的影响

为探讨糖基化大豆分离蛋白(GSPI)替代鱼粉对黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)幼鱼生长和糖代谢的影响,用GSPI替代0%(GSPI 0,对照组)、20%(GSPI 20)、40%(GSPI 40)、60%(GSPI 60)、80%(GSPI 80)和100%(GSPI100)的鱼粉配制6种等氮、等能(粗蛋白35.77%、粗脂肪6.07%)的饲料,分别饲喂6组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),体重为(13.44±0.27) g的幼鲤,进行8周养殖试验。结果表明,对比GSPI 0组, GSPI 60、GSPI 80和GSPI 100组幼鲤的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及血清中生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素生长因子(IGF–I)含量均显著降低,而GSPI 40组幼鲤的饲料系数(FCR)显著增加(P<0.05)。随着GSPI替代鱼粉比例的增加,幼鲤的成活率(SR)、后肠的淀粉酶活性、钠葡萄糖共转运载体1 (SGLT1)和葡萄糖转运蛋白2 (GLUT2)基因表达量、肝的磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6PD)和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶(P...     

暗纹东方鲀饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的营养生理效应及其与大豆抗原蛋白的相关性

选择体质量为(39.84±3.09)g暗纹东方鲀,分为8组,分别饲喂等氮等能的高鱼粉组、低鱼粉组、低鱼粉发酵豆粕组、低鱼粉豆粕组4组实用饲料和添加大豆抗原蛋白的半纯化饲料(大豆抗原蛋白含量分别为0%、5%、8%和12.5%),进行为期两个月的生长实验,探讨大豆抗原蛋白对暗纹东方鲀生长和生理生化的影响。结果显示,用发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉发酵豆粕组生长性能显著优于低鱼粉组,用豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉豆粕组与低鱼粉组无显著差异。半纯化饲料中随着大豆抗原蛋白含量增加,生长率呈现先增后降趋势;实用饲料和半纯化饲料对肌肉组成有不同程度的影响;在肝脏丙二醛、总抗氧化能力和血清丙二醛指标中,低鱼粉豆粕组显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组则与低鱼粉组无显著性差异,半纯化饲料系列在8%组出现峰值,显著高于其他组。低鱼粉豆粕组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组与低鱼粉组相比无显著性差异,半纯化饲料组谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶呈现先增后减趋势。研究表明,与豆粕替代鱼粉相比,用发酵豆粕替代鱼粉更能促进鱼体生长;大豆抗原蛋白是影响豆粕替代鱼粉效果的重要因素,但对生长、抗氧化性能和生理生化指标的影响则因大豆抗原蛋白的含量与单独存在与否而异。     

Black soybean seed coat containing diet enhancing the growth performance of juvenile hybrid tilapia Orechromis nitoticus × O. aureus

Black soybeans contain high amount of antioxidant, such as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, in their seed coat. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of black soybean seed coat (BSSC) on the growth of juvenile hybrid tilapia. There were four experimental diets: casein based diet (the control diet), casein based diet with 20% BSSC, and soybean and black soybean based diets. The results showed that after 8 weeks feeding period, BSSC meal increased 16% of the weight gain in the fish. When soybean and black soybean were used to replace casein as the main protein source, the diets resulted in poor growth performance and feed utilization and induced oxidative stress in the fish. It was suggested that oxidative stress induced by soybean based diets was due to the anti‐nutritional factors presented in the soybean and black soybean.     

石斑鱼配合饲料中发酵豆粕和豆粕部分替代白鱼粉的研究

在浮式海水网箱(1.5m×1m×1.5m)中养殖石斑鱼幼鱼(9.4±0.1g),在等氮(52% CP)基础上进行以发酵豆粕和普通豆粕替代鱼粉的实验, 为期56天.结果显示在石斑鱼饲料中添加14%发酵豆粕,其增重率、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率和蛋白质效率与对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05),以后随着发酵豆粕添加量的上升,这些指标都显著下降(P<0.05).在同样替代水平下,添加21%发酵豆粕组,增重率,SGR,饲料效率和蛋白质效率都比添加20%豆粕组高(P<0.05),表明对海水肉食性鱼类来说,发酵豆粕是一种比豆粕更优良的蛋白源.用折线模型分析增重率随白鱼粉替代水平的变化关系,结果表明在石斑鱼配合饲料中,发酵豆粕替代白鱼粉的最适量为10%.从实际生产的经济效益出发,建议在饲料中添加14%发酵豆粕,对石斑鱼的生长和鱼体组成不会造成显著影响.     

Partial substitution of soybean meal with fermented soybean residue in diets for juvenile largemouth bass,Micropterus salmoides

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with fermented soybean residue (FSR) on growth performance, body composition and plasma biochemical parameters of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Soybean residue was fermented with a mixture of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus spp. and Molasses yeast) using the solid‐state fermentation. Four isonitrogenous (crude protein 430 g/kg) and isoenergetic (gross energy 18 MJ/kg) diets were formulated by replacing 0 (the control), 20, 40 and 60g/kg of protein from SBM with FSR (FSR0, FSR20, FSR40 and FSR60, respectively). Each diet was fed to four replicate groups of fish (initial body weight: 17.1 ± 0.19 g) for 12 weeks. Results showed that dietary FSR substitution significantly improved growth of juvenile largemouth bass. The weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were all significantly improved by dietary FSR level up to 40g/kg substitution level (p < .05) and then levelled off beyond this level. Fish fed the diet with 40g/kg and 60g/kg protein from FSR had lower feed conversion ratio than the control group (p < .05). The hepatosomatic index, viscera ratio and liver lipid content significantly decreased with increasing dietary FSR level. Total protein content, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphates activities in plasma were lower in fish fed the control diet (p < .05) than the other groups. However, both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase were higher in fish fed the control diet (p < .05) compared to the other treatments. The plasma catalase activity significantly increased with increasing dietary FSR level, while plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose and malondialdehyde contents significantly reduced. No significant difference was observed in the glutathione peroxidase activity among dietary treatments. These findings demonstrated that replacing dietary SBM with FSR has beneficial effects on growth of M. salmoides, and the best growth performance was obtained at 40g/kg replacement for SBM protein. In addition, there is a great potential to apply FSR to improve lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of M. salmoides.     

Evaluation of differently processed soybean meal products as ingredients in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Numerous advanced soybean meal (SBM) products are available in the market today, which were produced through modified or improved methodologies from the traditional solvent extraction procedure, to reduce or eliminate the antinutritional factors and improve bioavailability of nutrients. Despite the higher manufacturing cost, inclusion levels of these new SBM products into fish feed formulations can still be limited due to the secondary quality characteristics caused during processing. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of differently processed SBM, on growth performances of pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei). The growth trial was conducted with test diets formulated with two sources of solvent‐extracted (SESBM44 and SESBM49), enzyme‐treated (ETSBM), fermented SBM (FSBM) and alcohol‐extracted soy protein concentrate (SPC) as the primary protein source (650 g/kg). As per the statistical analysis, diets incorporated with SESBM44, SESBM49 and ETSBM yielded a significantly higher growth performance and lower FCR. Results of this study infer that the traditional solvent‐extracted SBM perform equally well as enzyme‐treated SBM, whereas reduced performances of the shrimp offered fermented SBM and alcohol‐extracted soy protein concentrate might be due to reduced nutrient digestibility, palatability or other nutrient shifts caused by processing.     

Effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by two types of soybean meals on the growth performance of juvenile Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier 1828)

The effect of partial substitution of dietary fish meal with a high‐value soybean meal (HVS) and a commercial soybean meal (CSM) on the growth performance in juvenile Japanese seabass (8.3±0.2 g body weight) was determined. Nine isonitrogenous (crude protein 44%) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^?1) practical diets replacing 0 (the control), 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% fish meal protein by soybean meal protein (HVS or CSM) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to four replicate cages (1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m). Fish were fed twice daily for 10 weeks. Growth was significantly reduced with increased soybean inclusion in fish fed both the soybean sources. Independent of the soybean source used, increased inclusion of soybean meal decreased the growth performance. When the substitution level was 45% or more in CSM and 60% in HVS, the specific growth rate (SGR) and the feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly lower compared with the control. These results indicated that CSM protein could substitute for 30% fish meal protein, while the substitution level of HVS protein could be 45%, which did not influence the growth of juvenile Japanese seabass. The higher substitution level for HVS compared with CSM was probably due to better nutritional values.     

Growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and tilapia galilae Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings fed plant protein-based diets

This study was designed to determine the effect of complete substitution of fish meal (FM) by three plant protein sources including extruded soybean meal (SBM), extruded full‐fat soybean (FFSB) and corn gluten meal (CGM) on growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and tilapia galilae Sarothrodon galilaeus. Four isonitrogenous of crude protein (ca. 28.0%) and isocaloric (ca. 19 MJ kg⁻¹) experimental diets were formulated. The control diet (diet 1) was prepared with FM as the main protein sources. Diets 2–4, each FM control diet, were completely substituted with SBM (diet 2), FFSB (diet 3) and CGM (diet 4). l ‐lysine and dl ‐methionine were added to plant protein diets to cover the nutritional requirements of tilapia. Each treatment was allocated to three net pens and fed for 17 weeks. Nile tilapia fed the control diet showed significantly higher (P≤0.05) values for final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), whereas fish fed the diet with CGM achieved the lowest values. Tilapia galilae fed SBM diet recorded the highest (P≤0.05) values for growth performance. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both Oreochromis niloticus and Sarothrodon galilaeus was observed when fish were fed SBM diet, whereas the worse FCR was recorded for FFSB diet. Feed utilization parameters including protein productive value (PPV), fat retention (FR) and energy retention (ER) showed significant differences (P≤0.05) for both the species fed different dietary protein sources. The present results suggest that, for Nile tilapia, both SBM and FFSB supplemented with dl ‐methionine and l ‐lysine can completely replace dietary FM. Meanwhile, S. galilaeus fed SBM diet exhibited comparable growth and feed utilization with those fish fed a fish‐meal‐based diet.     

Partial replacement of fishmeal by defatted soybean meal in formulated diets for the mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal 1775)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect on growth and feed efficiencies of the mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) when dietary fishmeal is partially replaced by defatted soybean meal (DSM). In the preliminary experiment, snapper (mean weight±SD, 58.22±5.28 g) were fed in triplicate with different dietary amounts of DSM (7.8–42.2%) that were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. After 14 weeks, survival, growth and feed efficiencies, and hepatosomatic index (HSI) did not differ. Based on these results, a feeding trial was done using a positive control diet that contained 64% fishmeal, while the other four diets had DSM levels of 12%, 24%, 36%, and 48% that replaced fishmeal protein at 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, and 50% respectively. All diets were formulated to have about the same protein level (50%), protein to energy ratio (P/E of 25‐mg protein kJ^?1), and dietary energy (19.8 MJ kg^?1). These were fed to triplicate groups of snapper (mean total weight tank^?1±SD, 73.19±1.2 g) at 15 fish (average weight, 4.88 g) per 1.5‐t tank for 19 weeks. Growth (final average weight and specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and HSI were not significantly different (P>0.05) while protein efficiency ratios or PERs were similar in treatments with DSM. Among snapper fed DSM, haematocrit value was significantly lower in fish fed 48% DSM and not different with fish fed 36% DSM. Whole‐body crude fat of snapper fed 48% DSM was lowest while the crude protein and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) levels were highest. Histopathological analysis showed that lipid vacuoles in livers of snapper were reduced in size as dietary DSM increased. There was slight lipid deposition in the liver of snapper at 36% DSM while at 48% DSM it was excessive and hepatocytes were necrotic. There were no differences in the histology of snapper intestine. Under the experimental condition of this study, DSM can be used in snapper diets at 24% (replacing 25% of fishmeal protein) based on growth, survival and feed efficiencies, and histology of liver and intestine. For a lesser diet cost, an inclusion level higher than 24% DSM is possible with a bioavailable phosphorus supplement.     

大豆分离蛋白的机能特性及其应用

通过对大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、保水性、乳化性、起泡性、吸油性、凝胶形成性的研究,讨论温度、浓度、pH值对大豆分离蛋白的功能特性的影响,为大豆分离蛋白的进一步应用提供了理论依据,并指出了可应用的方向。     

饲用大豆肽在仔猪生产中的研究与应用

大豆肽是大豆蛋白经水解制得的小分子肽混合物,具有降低脂肪沉积、促进矿物质吸收、调节免疫等多种生理功能。本文综合介绍了大豆肽的研究现状以及大豆肽在仔猪生产中的应用。