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本文采用湿法在实验室的条件下提取18种普通玉米杂交种淀粉,并采用不同浓度的柠檬酸对淀粉进行处理。采用快速粘度测定仪(RVA)分析了淀粉的糊化性质参数。结果表明:柠檬酸对普通玉米杂交种淀粉的糊化性质有显著影响,它降低了所有普通玉米杂交种淀粉的回生值、破损值、峰值和终粘度,提高了谷值和出峰时间;但对不同普通玉米杂交种淀粉的糊化性质影响程度有显著差别,对不同糊化性质参数的影响程度也有明显区别。随着柠檬酸浓度的增加,普通玉米杂交种淀粉的谷值、终粘度、回生值都明显降低;破损值则明显增加;峰值、出峰时间和成糊温度没有明显变化。 相似文献
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微波辐射对小麦胚芽糊化特性与微观结构的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究微波辐射对小麦胚芽(WG)品质的影响,采用连续式微波装备对WG进行稳定化处理,并用扫描电镜、粘度仪分析了微波辐射对其微观结构、淀粉糊化等特性的影响.结果表明,微波对WG有很好的稳定化效果,在有效钝酶的前提下经微波处理的WG仍可观察到完整的淀粉颗粒,并伴有清晰的轮廓,但随着微波辐射强度的提高,其中油脂、蛋白质及淀粉之间原有的空间结构发生了一定的改变.微波处理后WG的糊化温度由原来的58.5℃升至59.3~ 65.4C,根据初始糊化程度的不同,出现具有一定意义的峰值粘度(349~ 466 BU)和破损值(69 ~87 BU).微波处理后的WG中脂肪酸组成和α-维生素E含量无明显改变.研究表明,微波辐射在有效钝酶的同时,对WG的品质也产生了部分影响.但与传统热处理方法相比,微波辐射对WG品质影响程度较小,微波稳定化具有很好的工业化应用前景. 相似文献
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挤压对荞麦淀粉及其混配淀粉理化特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用布拉本德双螺杆挤压机对荞麦淀粉及其与玉米、红薯淀粉的混合淀粉进行挤压处理,并对挤压后淀粉的形态、组成、糊化及糊特性进行分析。结果表明:挤压可较大程度地改变淀粉颗粒的形貌和质地结构,荞麦淀粉比例增大使混配淀粉挤压后的质地有逐渐疏松的趋势。挤压后荞麦淀粉的直链淀粉含量、抗性淀粉含量、膨胀势和糊透明度降低,溶解性和冻融稳定性增强,起始糊化温度、峰值黏度、起始恒温糊化阻力、起始降温糊化阻力、降温结束糊化阻力和恒温结束糊化阻力均明显下降,淀粉糊的热稳定性和凝胶形成能力明显变差。混配淀粉挤压后的直链淀粉含量、抗性淀粉含量、溶解度、冻融稳定性和糊透光率均明显高于纯挤压荞麦淀粉;随荞麦淀粉比例的减少,混配淀粉挤压后的起始糊化温度、糊透光率呈上升趋势,峰值黏度、起始恒温糊化阻力、起始降温糊化阻力、降温结束糊化阻力和恒温结束糊化阻力则明显降低,并分别趋向纯玉米淀粉或红薯淀粉挤压后的黏度参数值。 相似文献
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典型储粮环境下储藏大米糊化特性试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选择籼型商品大米,采用可编程人工气候箱,依据中国典型储粮环境的年平均温度、湿度,在模拟储藏条件分别设定为15℃不控湿度,15℃、相对湿度75%,20℃、相对湿度65%,25℃、相对湿度65%,30℃、相对湿度80%和自然储藏环境下,定期测定大米的糊化特征值。结果表明: 随着储藏时间的延长,峰值粘度、最终粘度和保持粘度出现波动且呈总趋势增加;回生值在储藏前期各储藏条件下变化不大,而在储藏后期,常温和高温下呈增加趋势,低温和准低温下呈下降趋势。储藏时间与大米峰值粘度、最终粘度和保持粘度极显著相关。储藏前期,储藏条件对峰值粘度、最终粘度和保持粘度影响不显著,储藏后期其影响显著。 相似文献
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以薯类(红薯、木薯)、豆类(豌豆、绿豆)和谷类(玉米、小麦)淀粉为研究对象,在淀粉糊化温度测定的基础上,通过降低温度和pH值,研究了不同淀粉颗粒外壳的分离方法。结果表明,将最高处理温度与淀粉糊化温度差值设置为-16~15℃,在乙酸溶液(pH值1.5、浓度7.1mol/L)中对淀粉颗粒进行处理,糊化程度为19%~56%时,可以得到不同淀粉的颗粒外壳,厚度为50~470nm。除绿豆淀粉外,其他淀粉颗粒外壳的分子量(4.3×107~5.2×107g/mol)均大于原淀粉的分子量(3.8×107~4.7×107g/mol)。不同淀粉外壳的厚度与其粒径、直链淀粉质量分数以及相对结晶度没有明显的相关性。玉米淀粉的颗粒外壳结构相对完整,可作为生物大分子缓释自组装包膜材料。 相似文献
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选取小麦粉高筋次粉与中筋次粉进行超微化处理,粉碎粒度依次为80、200、300、400、500和600目,分析超微粉碎对次粉理化特性的影响。结果表明:随着次粉粒度的减小,降落数值、糊化最终黏度、糊化峰值黏度及衰减值降低;干、湿面筋含量及面团色泽基本不变;白度值、沉淀值和破损淀粉含量提高;而次粉的糊化温度表现为先增加后减小。经过超微粉碎的小麦次粉物理-化学特殊的变化规律,为其有效利用提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献