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马来西亚普通野生稻增产QTL的分子标记辅助选择及其育种效果 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
位于马来西亚普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)第1和第2染色体上的两个主效增产QTL(yld1.1和yld2.1)分别具有18%和17%的增产效果。为探明野生稻增产QTL对杂交水稻产量性状改良的效果,以超级杂交稻亲本9311为受体和轮回亲本,马来西亚普通野生稻为增产QTL供体进行杂交和连续回交,并利用与这两个增产QTL紧密连锁的4个SSR分子标记对回交群体进行分子鉴定和辅助选择。产量比较试验结果显示, 育成的携带野生稻增产QTL的9311改良系比受体9311增产,主要表现为有效穗数和每穗总粒数显著增加;携带野生稻增产QTL的稳定株系所配杂交组合也比对照显著增产。研究表明野生稻增产QTL yld1.1和QTL yld2.1导入栽培水稻品种的遗传背景后能显著提高产量潜力,可作为超级杂交稻育种重要资源。 相似文献
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野生稻增产QTL导入9311之近等基因系的构建 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
以超级杂交中稻恢复系9311为受体和轮回亲本,马来西亚普通野生稻(O.rufipogon)为增产QTL yld1.1和yld2.1的供体进行杂交和连续回交,各世代采用分子标记辅助选择,至BC6F1后自交,得到BC6F2群体,通过分子标记检测,获得分别携带野生稻增产QTL yld1.1、yld2.1及同时携带yld1.1和yld2.1的3套近等基因系.对同时携带yld1.1和yld2.1的近等基因系进行遗传背景分析,发现其与受体9311的遗传组成有93.9%一致.田间试验表明,野生稻增产QTL近等基因系的产量均高于受体,说明将野生稻增产QTL转移至杂交稻恢复系中,能提高其产量水平,且2个QTL的增产效果大于单个QTL的效果. 相似文献
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野生稻高产QTL的分子标记辅助育种进展 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
1995年中国国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心与美国康奈尔大学合作,在马来西亚普通野生稻中鉴定出两个主效高产QTLyld1.1和yld2.1.随后将野生稻高产QTL导入优良晚稻恢复系测64-7及中稻恢复系9311和明恢63中,采用分子标记辅助选择与田间选择相结合,育成了Q611等携带野生稻高产QTL yld1.1和yld2.1的新恢复系.经测交鉴定,Q611所配组合表现出强大的产量优势,说明野生稻高产QTL具有显著的增产效应和重要的育种价值,同时也表明采用分子标记辅助选择方法对数量性状进行遗传改良同样具有明显的效果. 相似文献
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导入野生稻增产QTL育成优质高产杂交稻新组合Y两优7号 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心以超级稻亲本9311为受体和轮回亲本,与马来西亚普通野生稻杂交和连续回交,利用分子标记辅助选择,育成了携带野生稻增产QTL yld1.1和yld2.1的新亲本R163,与自选广适性光温敏不育系Y58S配组,育成两系杂交中稻新组合Y两优7号.该组合株叶形态优良,丰产性好,米质优良,抗逆性强,适应性广,2008年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定,同年被湖南省认定为超级稻品种.报道了Y两优7号的选育过程、特征特性及其高产栽培与制种技术要点. 相似文献
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矮化处理低、中、高三个不同密度的夏花生,其株高比对照处理3个相应密度均矮10cm左右。结实指数分别提高8.14%、10.2%和18.81%;饱果指数分别提高2.14%、6.93%和10.33%。总生物产量的分配,V/R率均<1,经济系数均>0.55,经济产量依次提高8.21%、14.64%和22.76%。实际荚果产量,矮化处理的以高密度(22.5万穴/hm2)最高、中密度(18.75万穴/hm2)次之,分别比低密度(15万穴/hm2)增产15.04%~16.89%和14.02%~14.54%;对照处理以中密度最高,高密度次之,分别比低密度增产11.71%~12.40%和5.34%~7.91%。矮化处理与密度有显著的连应效果,比对照处理依次增产7.55%、9.6%和16.5%。 相似文献
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红麻育苗移栽解决了我地5月下旬麦茬麻迟播低产的矛盾,保证了红麻150天左右生育期,促进了红麻产量和品质的提高。据盐亭县富驿区科技户7.54亩红麻移栽结果,平均亩产251.4公斤,比当地麦茬直播麻对照地块平均亩产148.3公斤增产69.6%。此外育苗移栽能节省用种量,一般亩用种0.75~1公斤,比直播用种量少50%。 相似文献
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龙选1号于1996年在合丰25大豆田里发现的自然变异株,后经过逐年不断株选,提纯复壮,去杂去劣,培育而成的大豆新品种。2004—2005年区域试验平均产量2481.1kg/hm^2,较对照品种绥农14增产11.87%;2006年生产试验平均产量3042.3kg/hm^2,较对照品种绥农14增产14.6%。主要特点是丰产、稳产、蛋白和油分含量较高。 相似文献
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(1)培两代99广西农科院杂交水稻研究中心1995年用从湖南引进的培矮645作母本.与桂99作父本测配而成的中熟感温型组合。1997年在广西农科院进行组合比较试验.早季每667m2产量501.6km,比对照汕优桂99增产9.4%;晚季每667m‘产量485.5kg,比汕优桂99增产6.8/。1998年自治区早季区试,平均每667m2产量454.1kg,比对照汕优64增产79%。生产试验一般每667m2产量在500kg上下;高的超550kg。该组合分美力强,有效穗数270~300穗/m2,每德粒数140粒,结实率80%~85%,千粒重22~23g,米质优,食味好。米质分析,粒形、直链淀粉含量、蛋… 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6~-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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马铃薯黑痣病是土传真菌性病害,在定西市马铃薯种植区均有发生,目前已成为影响马铃薯产量和品质的主要因素之一。本研究对马铃薯黑痣病菌从温度、光照、碳源、氮源以及p H方面进行了生物学特性的测定。结果表明:该病原菌菌丝在无光25℃条件下生长最快,在无光35℃条件下生长最慢;室温条件下培养1 d后用紫外线照射处理2 h,然后室温持续光照培养4 d的菌丝生长速率最大,持续黑暗培养4 d的菌丝生长速率最慢;不同碳氮源对该菌菌丝生长均有影响,碳源为淀粉的培养基上菌丝生长最快、氮源为尿素的培养基上菌丝生长最快;培养基p H中性时菌丝生长速率最大。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为1:2048。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达30%-37%,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达85.7%。 相似文献
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Valorization of three varieties of grape 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Moufida Saïdani Tounsi Ines Ouerghemmi Wissem Aidi Wannes Riadh Ksouri Hassene Zemni Brahim Marzouk Mohamed Elyes Kchouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(2):292-296
In the present investigation, seed methanolic extracts of three Vitis vinifera (Muscat d’Italie, Syrah and Carignan) were assayed for their antioxidant activities. Results showed that there are strong variations in the contents of total phenols (440.97–121.94 mg GAE g−1 DW), flavonoids (48.07–16.81 mg EC g−1 DW) and tanins (37.15–14.9 mg EC g−1 DW) from the studied seeds. The phenolic composition of these extracts was determined by RP–HPLC after acid hydrolysis. The main phenolic compound was quercetin with 27.2% in Muscat d’Italie, 48.8% in Syrah and 28.4% in Carignan. Besides, all seed extracts showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 values ranged from 1.8 to 30 μg ml−1. EC50 values of reducing power activity ranged from 100 to 120 μg ml−1. The high phenolic content and the considerable antioxidant activities of vitis seed extracts could potentially be considered as an expensive source of natural antioxidants. 相似文献
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新粳型不育系和恢复系是通过籼粳交或粳粳交的方式培育而成的中间型稳定品系,杂交组合的育性正常或接近正常。粳型不育系和恢复系配组,杂种F1的产量性状差异显著或极显著。组合9512A/R364、73A/R55、150A/R198、9512A/R2690、150A/R55,具有产量的正向超亲、超标优势,另一些组合呈显著或极显著的负向优势;本研究产量性状一般配合力好的不育系是中14A、辽150A、73A、9512A、9214A,恢复系是R198-2、R238、R46、C418、R364和花38;亲本的产量性状一般配合力和特殊配合力在不同性状的作用没有交叉。杂种优势的表现与双亲亲和力高低、配合力高低有明显的相关性。辽150A、9512A的超亲优势明显,R198、R55、R2690、R364、C204等恢复系具有较强的杂交优势。不育系对产量性状的作用显著大于恢复系。 相似文献
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通过室内筛选得到了对甲胺磷具有极高水平抗性的抗性品系(抗性倍数198.63)。利用该抗性品系与敏感品系、田间种群杂交,杂交子代的抗性水平都明显地倾向于抗性品系,表明杂交子代的抗性水平有利于本地抗性的发展。通过建立实验种群生命表,发现与敏感品系和田间种群相比,抗性品系及其与敏感品系、田间种群杂交子代的生物适合度都有显著下降,表明抗性品系及其杂交子代种群增长具有很大的不利性,从而减少了抗性虫源数量,有利于本地敏感性的回复。从褐飞虱迁飞、杂交子代抗药性及生物适合度变化的角度,讨论了迁飞扩散对褐飞虱的甲胺磷抗性发展的影响。 相似文献