两系双交粳稻双晚超稀播壮秧分蘖特性探讨

两系粳杂作双晚栽培，高温是抑制分蘖发生，造成穗数不足的主要因素，本研究结果表明，只要采取超稀播育壮秧，大田促分蘖等适应两系梗杂特点的栽培措施，则可以减轻高温影响，显著提高大田分蘖，进而极显著增加单株分蘖，穴穗数和单株产量，且穴穗数每增加１个，增产４６９．６５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。     

高产味优粳稻分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系

以高产优质粳稻品种南粳5718和中产优质粳稻品种常农粳10号为参试材料，比较研究不同基因型品种分蘖发生与成穗特性的蘖位差异，明确高产味优基因型品种的优势叶位。结果表明，高产味优基因型与中产味优基因型在水稻分蘖发生与成穗特性上存在明显差异。与中产味优基因型相比，高产味优基因型一次和二次分蘖发生率与成穗率高，单株与群体成穗数多，花后各蘖位光合特性好，促进了库容充实，最终产量较高，南粳5718产量较常农粳10号显著提高7.7%，较多的有效穗数是其产量优势形成的重要基础。与常农粳10号相比，南粳5718拔节期群体穗数较低，但抽穗期和成熟期则较高。南粳5718和常农粳10号分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位较为一致，一次分蘖中以4/0、5/0和6/0为主，二次分蘖则以1/4和1/5为主。南粳5718单株成穗数、一次和二次分蘖成穗个数显著高于常农粳10号。不同蘖位对单株成穗数和群体产量的贡献率均表现为一次分蘖>主茎>二次分蘖。南粳5718和常农粳10号产量差异主要体现在一次分蘖和二次分蘖上，南粳5718在花后30 d一次分蘖和二次分蘖剑叶的光合速率和叶绿素含量均显著高于常农粳10号。     

不同栽插株数对晶两优534分蘖动态和产量的影响

以两系杂交水稻晶两优534为材料,研究了6个不同栽插株数对水稻分蘖动态和产量的影响。结果表明,不同栽插株数条件下,产量以栽插1～2株/穴的T1(8 507.25 kg/hm~2)和T2(8 577.15 kg/hm~2)处理为较高,显著高于其他处理。T1和T2处理的单株分蘖能力较强,分蘖成穗率、有效穗数和结实率较高,而每穴插3～6株的T3～T6处理,随着每穴栽插株数的增多,单株分蘖力降低,无效分蘖增多,有效穗数、结实率逐渐降低。相关分析表明,产量与有效穗数、结实率、千粒重均呈极显著正相关,与每穗总粒数呈极显著负相关。通径分析表明,有效穗数对产量的直接作用最大,每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重通过有效穗数对产量产生的间接作用较大。说明不同栽插株数下,影响晶两优534产量的主要因素是有效穗数,生产上机插苗数建议以每穴2苗为宜,有利于提高水稻分蘖成穗率,同时协调每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重等产量因子而获得高产。     

两系粳杂超稀插壮秧的分蘖成穗率初探

通过设置秧田每公顷１５０ｋｇ（Ａ）、２２５ｋｇ（Ｂ）、３００ｋｇ（Ｃ）３个播种量，对两系粳杂７０优双九作双晚种植的分蘖成穗特点进行定株观察，结果表明，以净秧田播量１５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，培育多蘖壮秧，每穴１粒种苗的栽培方式；以及提高栽培质量并加强肥水管理，适度控制中后期群体，是提高成穗率和产量，降低用种成本的有效途径。     

不同细胞质的核质互作对籼粳杂种F1代主要农艺性状的影响

 将5份籼型不育系及其保持系为母本与6份粳型或偏粳型广亲和系为父本的23对籼粳交不育系杂种(AW)和可育系杂种(BW)，应用核质互作混合线性模型对株高等8个主要农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明，株高、单株穗数、剑叶长和结实率等性状均存在显著或极显著的核质互作效应；不育质或可育质与核基因的互作使杂种F1的平均基因型预测值和群体平均优势在株高、单株穗数和剑叶长上得到明显增加，在结实率上则显著降低。     

水稻分蘖角基因TAC1的育种应用价值分析

【目的】分蘖角度是水稻重要株型性状,合理的分蘖角度是培育理想株型、达到高产育种的一个关键因素。【方法】以控制水稻分蘖角度增大的显性主效数量基因TAC1为研究对象,构建不同品种背景下的TAC1近等基因系,通过单本栽插、多本栽插/高产栽培以及纹枯病菌接种鉴定,分析TAC1对其他农艺性状、纹枯病抗性、产量及品质的影响。【结果】同一背景近等基因系之间比较,TAC1使水稻品系分蘖角度增加,有利于减轻纹枯病危害,对其他农艺性状无不利影响。在高产栽培条件下,不同背景TAC1系有效穗数均多于tac1系;籼稻特青背景下,TAC1系结实率、千粒重及单株产量均高于tac1系;美国稻Lemont背景下,TAC1系结实率、千粒重及单株产量均低于tac1系;粳稻武陵粳1号、镇稻88背景下,TAC1系结实率和千粒重均略低于tac1系,单株产量略高于tac1系,差异不显著。加工及外观品质方面,特青TAC1系优于tac1系,武陵粳1号、镇稻88以及Lemont背景TAC1系较tac1系有劣化趋势,差异均不显著。【结论】叶片较长的籼稻品种,适宜的分蘖角度范围较窄,叶片较小的粳稻品种,适宜的分蘖角度范围较宽。适当增加水稻品种的分蘖角度,有利于减轻纹枯病危害。TAC1可用于株型紧凑型籼稻品种及粳稻品种的株型改良。     

两系杂交水稻的栽培特性和高产策略

在大田栽培条件下，以6个两系杂交水稻组合为供试材料，设计3个N肥水平，研究两系组合的栽培特性及高产栽培途径。结果表明，两系组合每穗颖花数多，高峰苗多，成穗率低，单茎叶面积小，成熟期叶片衰老快，生物产量中等，经济系数高。获得高产的关键在于促进分蘖早发，提高成穗率，提高抽穗后物质生产量。     

粳型水稻品种特征特性及高产栽培技术

通过多个粳型水稻品种与籼型品种的对比栽培试验,分析其生物学特性,表明粳型品种分蘖力弱,有效穗少,但穗粒数多,茎秆粗壮,抗倒。粳型品种高产栽培策略是合理密植,创建最优群体结构,增加有效穗,提高结实率,及时预防稻曲病。     

杂交稻再生稻经济性状试验研究

围绕我省当前再生稻发展需要，在大田生产中，采用１２个杂优组合对影响再生稻产量的因素进行研究，结果表明：再生穗和实粒数对产量的影响呈显著正相关；通过提高栽培水平，可显著增加再生穗从而达到再生稻增产的目的     

抑特对稻麦分蘖和浅不育型两用小麦不育系不育度的影响

分蘖抑制剂抑特（主要成分为２，４－Ｄ和ＤＮＰ）在稻麦上的试验结果表明，分蘖前期施用，能抑制分蘖产生，加速小分蘖消亡，使水稻品种化四明单穴有效穗数比对照下降１４．４％，使两系杂交小麦组合Ｅ优１０２比对照下降４９．１％；在两用浅不育型小麦雄性不育系ＥＳ－１４分蘖后期施用，能减少小分蘖成穗，提高不育穗率。抑特除减少分蘖外，还能降低株高８～１２ｃｍ，提前孕穗１～２ｄ，井增加穗实粒数。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

玉米产量性状配合力遗传分析

通过对8个中晚熟玉米自交系产量性状进行双列杂交分析，表明各个自交系产量性状的一般配合力与特殊配合力存在显著差异，玉米杂交种F₁的产量构成受到一般配合力与特殊配合力的共同作用，用特殊配合力对F₁的作用大于一般配合力。特殊配合力高低与一般配合力无明显相关关系。因此在玉米杂交种组配与自交系改良工作中，既要兼顾双亲的一般配合力与特殊配合力，又要保持杂交优势利用模式与选系模式的种质关系。     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Use of mechanics of cohesive granular media for analysis of hardness and vitreousness of wheat endosperm

The characterisation of the wheat endosperm by mechanical tests of compression highlighted a relation between the rupture energy and the elasticity modulus for different varieties of wheat; this relation allows us to distinguish mealy and vitreous endosperms. An approach based on the micromechanics of cohesive granular materials is used to analyse these experimental results. A geometrical model of the wheat endosperm made of grains linked by cohesive bonds is proposed. We introduced two parameters, the first one α represents the percentage of active bonds (bonds where the stiffness and strength are non-zero), and the second one β represents the threshold of the bond's rupture. The parameter β can be related to the cross-section of the bond. This model successfully describes the mechanical tests on the wheat endosperm. The comparison with the experimental tests makes it possible to clearly differentiate vitreous wheats and mealy wheats and then attribute this property to the parameter β. The model shows the same tendency as regards the evolution of the rupture energy and the elastic modulus with the parameter α. The modelling of endosperm by the mechanics of cohesive granular media provides a new theoretical framework to interpret the rheology of endosperm. This approach allows us to connect this rheology to the mechanical actions at the scale of the granules.