一氧化氮对采后芒果果实抗氧化酶活性的影响

以‘红芒6号’芒果(Mangifera indica L.‘Zill’)为试材,研究采后一氧化氮(NO)对芒果果肉抗氧化酶活性和果实硬度的影响。结果显示,与对照相比,100μmol/L硝普钠(一氧化氮供体)处理保持了果肉组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低了多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性以及过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,延缓了果实硬度的下降。表明NO可以有效减轻采后芒果果实氧化胁迫,进而延缓果实成熟。     

臭氧在采后果蔬保鲜的应用研究进展

臭氧（O3）作为一种易降解无残留的强氧化剂广泛应用于食品保鲜。概述了臭氧对果蔬感官品质、新陈代谢、产品成熟衰老和杀菌控制采后腐败的作用,总结了臭氧在果蔬保鲜中应用的优点和局限性,并对其应用前景和研究作了展望。     

水杨酸对采后园艺植物组织衰老的影响

对采后植物组织衰老过程中内源水杨酸(SA)的生理作用机制,SA或ASA处理对内源SA含量及乙烯释放、自由基代谢、叶绿素含量的影响进行综述,以期为SA在防止采后植物组织衰老上的应用提供依据。     

能量供应对‘南岛无核’荔枝果实采后能量代谢及衰老的影响

以‘南岛无核’荔枝果实为材料,研究促进和抑制能量水平条件下,荔枝果实采后贮藏过程中呼吸、失水、果皮细胞膜损伤、能量产生及其关键酶活性与衰老的关系。结果表明:2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）解偶联剂抑制了能量供应,可促进荔枝果皮失水,加速果皮细胞膜损伤,能荷下降快,明显促进了荔枝果实衰老。而外源ATP处理降低了果皮失水和细胞膜损伤,果实贮藏期间保持了相对较高的能荷,延缓了荔枝果实采后衰老。DNP的解偶联作用使线粒体制造ATP受阻,直接诱导了贮藏前期细胞色素C氧化酶（COX）、H+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活性增强,贮藏后期这些ATP关键酶活性下降,对延缓果实衰老不利。而外源ATP处理,果实贮藏前期COX活性较低,贮藏后期COX、H+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活性增强,均对延缓荔枝果实衰老具有积极作用。总之,荔枝采后贮藏后期energy charge（EC）下降、ATP供应不足是导致荔枝果实衰老的重要因素,适当提高贮藏后期果实电子传递与氧化磷酸化过程中COX、H+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase等ATP相关酶的活性,对抑制荔枝果皮衰老、延长贮藏期更有利。     

采后褪黑素处理对余甘子果实品质和耐贮性的影响

余甘子（Phyllanthus emblica L.）是联合国卫生组织指定的全世界推广种植的3种保健植物之一,在中国也被列为药食两用的水果,具有营养丰富,保健价值突出的特点。然而采后余甘子果实易发生失水皱缩、腐烂变质等问题,极大地影响了其商品价值。褪黑素（melatonin）是一种小分子吲哚胺类物质,在动植物体内广泛存在,其在植物中可有效清除自由基,在植物的抗逆抗病中也具有重要的调控作用。采用适宜浓度的褪黑素处理果蔬可以起到较好的保鲜作用,有效延缓果蔬腐败变质,提高采后耐贮性。为提高余甘子果实采收后的耐贮性,以‘蓝丰’余甘子果实为试材,探究采后褪黑素处理对于常温下贮藏的余甘子果实品质和耐贮性的影响。将挑选出的无机械损伤及病虫害,大小和色泽相近的余甘子果实,随机平均分为2组,处理组余甘子用0.3 mmol/L褪黑素溶液浸泡处理20 min,空白对照组则用去离子水浸泡20 min,取出晾干1 h后用聚乙烯薄膜袋包装,而后置于温度为(25±1)℃、在相对湿度85%~90%的恒温箱中贮藏,每3 d取样测定果实的商品率、感病指数、呼吸强度等品质和耐贮性相关指标。试验结果表明,采后褪黑素处理使余甘子果实在贮藏末期的商品率提高22%,显著降低了余甘子果实的感病指数、呼吸速率和失重率;且经褪黑素处理的余甘子果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度和维生素C的含量均高于对照组,余甘子表皮颜色和果肉质地的劣化也比对照缓慢。褪黑素处理有利于延缓采后余甘子病害的发生和提高果实品质及耐贮性。本研究为褪黑素在余甘子果实采后贮藏保鲜应用提供理论依据,丰富了褪黑素应用于果蔬保鲜的理论基础。     

热带果蔬采后冷害研究进展

果蔬采后冷害机制及其防控是当前采后研究领域中倍受关注的科技问题。果蔬冷害发生是由内在因子和外部环境因素共同作用的结果。近年来,随着现代分子生物学技术的应用,并借鉴模式植物拟南芥的研究成果,果蔬采后冷害发生调控机理及防控技术研究取得一系列进展。本文综述了热带果蔬采后冷害发生的生理与分子机制和冷害防控技术的最新研究成果,关注能量代谢调控果蔬采后冷害作用,重点介绍了生物技术在防控果蔬冷害上的应用,并对今后研究方向作了展望。     

叶片外源施加硝普钠对渗透胁迫下花生幼苗生长及根系抗氧化系统的影响

一氧化氮(NO)作为一种生物体内重要的信号分子,参与植物生长发育调控和对生物与非生物环境胁迫的应答反应。本试验选取四种NO响应类型,通过在15%PEG胁迫条件下对叶片施加SNP,研究并分析外源NO供体SNP对不同类型花生生长及抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明:NO处理对低含量高诱导品种沂南四粒糙和高含量高诱导品种花育22的干重促进作用最大。NO处理对不同品种根系抗氧化指标的影响也不尽相同。NO和PEG共同处理后,花育22和沂南四粒糙SOD和CAT活性变化不大,POD活性增加明显,MDA和O2-产生速率大幅度降低。而其余两个品种NO处理不利于维持胁迫下抗氧化酶的高活性。根系NO含量增加能够改变胁迫下CAT活性增加的趋势,同时缓解PEG胁迫对地上部物质积累量的影响。     

NO在小麦生长发育与环境胁迫响应中的作用研究进展

一氧化氮(NO)是一种易扩散的具有生物活性的气体分子,能够对小麦生长、发育、衰老等生理作用直接进行调节.而且可以参与小麦对环境胁迫的应答.本文对N0在小麦生长发育及环境胁迫等方面的作用及内源N0在植物体内的合成途径进行了综述,并指出探明在正常生长状况下植物内源NO对其生长发育的调控机制及其参与信号转导的生理机制,应是目前研究的重点之一.     

多胺与植物乙烯,胁迫和衰老

多胺是一类新发现的生长因子，通常情况下，多胺与乙烯之间表现出相互抑制的关系。多胺在多种逆境下对植物有保护作用，外源多胺可延缓植物组织衰老，多胺概念可望引入橡胶树死皮机理研究。     

种衣剂对小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化及某些酶活性的影响

试验用两种种衣剂包衣的小麦种子，研究了小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛以及某些与植物抗逆代谢有关的酶活性变化。两种种衣剂均使叶绿素含量增加，丙二醛积累减少，超氧化物歧化酶活性升高，苗体干鲜重增加。表明种衣剂有延缓小麦苗衰老和诱导产生抗逆性的作用     

采后果蔬冷害与能量关系研究进展

就冷害与果蔬的线粒体、能荷水平及代谢过程三者之间的关系,结合目前国内外相关的研究进行综述,从果蔬冷害与能量的角度,探讨果蔬冷害与抗冷性机制。     

Effect of a natural high fibre diet on blood lipids and intestinal transit time in man

In two experiments with young healthy volunteers the effects of a high in take of dietary fibre on blood lipids and intestinal transit time were investigated. In the first experiment the effects were studied of a high-fibre diet, in which half of the dietary fibre was provided by vegetables and fruits and the rest came from bread and other cereal products. In the second trial the effects of dietary fibre derived from vegetables and fruits were compared with those of isolated citrus pectin and wheat bran. It is concluded that—at least in short-term controlled experiments—fibre-rich food-stuffs have only a small (vegetables and fruits) or no (bran) favourable effect on the level of serum cholesterol. However, in uncontrolled circumstances, a ‘natural’ high fibre diet may through its low fat and cholesterol content indirectly reduce the concentration of serum cholesterol. A high-fibre diet with vegetables and fruits as well as a diet with bran shorten the intestinal transit time and enhance faeces production.     

Effects of a Fermented Beverage of Changbai Mountain Fruit and Vegetables on the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Mice

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Evidence suggests that fermented foods and beverages made from fruits and vegetables benefit human health, including in the prevention of cardiovascular disease,...     

1-MCP处理对‘油木奈’果实采后生理和品质的影响

研究1.2 μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）处理对在（25±1）℃下贮藏的‘油木奈’（Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Younai）果实采后生理和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理可有效降低‘油木奈’果实呼吸强度、呼吸峰值和乙烯释放量,延缓果实细胞膜相对渗透率升高和果实表面色调角h°值的下降,保持较高的果实硬度、可滴定酸和果皮叶绿素含量,延迟果实外观颜色转变,减少果实失重和腐烂。经1-MCP处理的果实在（25±1）℃下贮藏15 d时的好果率为80％,而对照果实只有58％。因此认为,1-MCP处理可以延缓采后‘油木奈’果实后熟衰老和保持果实品质,延长果实保鲜期。     

Increased Postharvest Life of TomLox B Silenced Mutants of Tomato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum lycopersicum</Emphasis>) Var. TA234

A healthy lifestyle includes fruits and vegetables consumption. Tomato is one of the most consumed vegetables, although it is susceptible to physical damage through postharvest handling, thus leading to important losses. Softening is an important variable during tomato ripening; excessive softening is undesirable and leads to postharvest losses. TomloxB plays an important role in ripening, mainly in the loss of cellular integrity caused by fatty acids released from the lipid matrix of membranes that initiate oxidative deterioration, which is in turn carried into senescence. In order to increase postharvest life, we produced transgenic tomato plants via Rhizobium radiobacter with tomato lipoxygenase B (TomloxB) antisense constructs under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Lipoxygenase activity and firmness were measured in tomato fruit and the fatty acids profile was determined. Transgenic fruits were maintained for 40 days at room temperature in optimal conditions, whereas wild type fruits remained in similar conditions for only six days. Firmness in pink and red stages was significantly lower in wild type fruits than in two transgenic lines. Linolenic acid was the most important fatty acid consumed by lipoxygenase in both turning and pink stages of ripening. Lipoxygenase activity was smaller in transformed fruits in comparison with the wild type. These results suggest that silencing the TomloxB gene promoted significant changes in the physiology of transformed tomatoes, being the increase in postharvest life the most important.     

果蔬采后冰温贮藏技术研究进展

介绍了冰温贮藏技术的起源和机理以及果蔬在冰温条件下的主要生理变化,概述了该技术在果蔬上的应用现状和最新研究进展,对果蔬冰温贮藏技术今后的研究和发展作了展望。