小麦灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与产量性状及部分品质性状的关系

为了给高产、优质小麦育种和栽培提供参考依据,以50个小麦基因型为试验材料,研究不同小麦基因型间灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率的差异及其与产量性状和部分品质指标的关系。结果表明：（1）不同小麦基因型间灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率差异极显著;（2）灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重呈负相关,相关系数（R）分别为-0.171、-0.405^**和-0.369^**;（3）灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值的相关系数（R）分别为-0.085、-0.111和-0.045,相关不显著。     

Characterization of the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat in southwestern China

ABSTRACT

Field trials were carried out during 2011–2013 in three locations on 10 wheat genotypes. Traits that were investigated included grain weight, grain-filling duration, grain-filling rates and the lag phase from flowering to the commencement of effective grain filling. The grain-filling duration and rate were fitted by Richard’s equation in thermal time (growing degree-days (GDD), base temperature 9ºC). A combined ANOVA across environments showed that the grain weight was mainly affected by genotype, while most of the other grain-filling characters were influenced by the environment and G × E interactions. Grain filling lasted between 362 to 400 GDD and included a lag phase that ranged from 67 to 86 GDD. Both the effective and maximum rates of grain filling ranged from 0.12 to 0.15 mg GDD^?1 and 0.18–0.22 to GDD^?1, respectively. The lag phase was positively correlated with grain weight and rates of grain filling, whereas days to anthesis were significantly negatively correlated with the lag phase and both rates of grain filling. Temperature during grain filling was negatively correlated with the lag phase. The variation in grain weight was positively associated with the rate of grain filling, which, in turn, was related to the grain number per unit area. A compensating variability existed among the genotypes in both the grain number and grain-filling rate. The study of genotypic stability demonstrated that Chuanmai42 and Chuanmai104 had high grain weight and stability among most of the grain-filling parameters, and also had high grain yield. Chuanmai42 and Chuanmai104 were the best genotypes for improving the yield potential and grain weight stability.     

Using stress tolerance indicator (STI) to select high grain yield iron-deficiency tolerant wheat genotypes in calcareous soils

Despite large variation among crop genotypes in response to Fe fertilization, there is no reliable indicator for identifying Fe-deficiency tolerant wheat genotypes with high grain yield. The aim of this investigation was to compare the grain yield response of 20 spring and 30 winter bread wheat genotypes to Fe fertilization under field conditions and to select high grain yield Fe-deficiency tolerant genotypes using a stress tolerance indicator (STI). Two individual trials, each one consisting two field plot experiments, were conducted during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons. Spring wheat genotypes (Trial l) and winter wheat genotypes (Trial 2) were planted at two different locations. Two Fe rates (0 and 20 kg Fe ha⁻¹ as Fe-EDTA) were applied. Spring and winter wheat genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) in the grain yield both with and without added Fe treatments. Application of Fe fertilizer increased grain yield of spring wheat genotypes by an average of 211 and 551 kg ha⁻¹ in Karaj and Isfahan locations, respectively. By Fe application, the mean grain yield of winter wheat genotypes increased 532 and 798 kg ha⁻¹ in Karaj and Isfahan sites, respectively. Iron efficiency (Fe-EF) significantly differed among wheat genotypes and ranged from 65% to 113% for spring wheat and from 69% to 125% for winter wheat genotypes. No significant correlation was found between Fe-EF and grain yield of spring wheat genotypes under Fe deficient conditions. For winter wheat genotypes grown in Mashhad, Fe-efficiency was not significantly correlated with the grain yield produced without added Fe treatment. The STI was significantly (P < 0.01) varied among spring and winter wheat genotypes. The interaction between location and genotype had no significant effect on the STI. According to these results, the STI should be considered as an effective criterion for screening programs, if a high potential grain yield together with more stable response to Fe fertilization in different environments is desired.     

Evaluation of salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat derived from in vitro and field experiments

The performance of selected salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], derived from field and in vitro assessment methods, was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Eight durum wheat genotypes comprising three salt-tolerant genotypes and one salt-sensitive genotype selected from each of the methods were used. This study was conducted under both saline and non-saline field conditions as well as under greenhouse condition with salinized solution culture at 0 mM (control), 75 and 150 mM NaCl (concentrations) using supplemental Ca²⁺. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of spikes per m², grain yield and harvest index were recorded in the field experiments. Plant dry weight, Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺ accumulated in the hydroponically grown seedlings were measured 20 days after salinity treatments. In spite of the smaller range of genotypes used by the in vitro screening method, tolerant genotypes screened by the in vitro method (ITGs) performed comparably with those of the field-derived tolerant genotypes (FTGs) for grain yield under saline field conditions. Field salinity significantly reduced (P < 0.01) means of all traits averaged on eight tested genotypes. In vitro salt-tolerant genotypes Dipper-6 and Prion-1 produced the highest dry weight and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio under salt stress conditions (150 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse. Although dry matter correlated with the grain yield (R² = 0.37), the regression coefficient was higher for shoot K⁺/Na⁺ ratio (R² = 0.44). Dipper-6 (ITG) and Prion-1 (ITG) genotypes have been ranked superior while Massara-1 (ISG) was inferior for salt tolerance in the regression analysis. However, based on grain yield reduction Ajaia/Hora/Jro/3/Gan (FTG) and PI40100 (ITG) were the most tolerant having 58% and 60% reduction, respectively.     

Effect of the grain protein content locus Gpc-B1 on bread and pasta quality

Grain protein concentration (GPC) affects wheat nutritional value and several critical parameters for bread and pasta quality. A gene designated Gpc-B1, which is not functional in common and durum wheat cultivars, was recently identified in Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. The functional allele of Gpc-B1 improves nitrogen remobilization from the straw increasing GPC, but also shortens the grain filling period resulting in reduced grain weight in some genetic backgrounds. We developed isogenic lines for the Gpc-B1 introgression in six hexaploid and two tetraploid wheat genotypes to evaluate its effects on bread-making and pasta quality. In common wheat, the functional Gpc-B1 introgression was associated with significantly higher GPC, water absorption, mixing time and loaf volume, whereas in durum wheat, the introgression resulted in significant increases in GPC, wet gluten, mixing time, and spaghetti firmness, as well as a decrease in cooking loss. On the negative side, the functional Gpc-B1 introgression was associated in some varieties with a significant reduction in grain weight, test weight, and flour yield and significant increases in ash concentration. Significant gene × environment and gene × genotype interactions for most traits stress the need for evaluating the effect of this introgression in particular genotypes and environments.     

麦棉套作模式下播种方式与播量对小麦灌浆特性及产量性状的影响

为探索麦棉套作模式下适宜的小麦播种方式与播量,通过裂区试验,以播种方式(撒播和条播)为主因素,播量(187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0kg·hm-2)为副因素,研究了播种方式与播量对小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响。结果表明,与条播相比,撒播小麦灌浆期边行、内行分别延长3.3和0.6d,平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率边行分别降低0.18、0.26mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率出现时间推迟了0.2d;内行小麦平均灌浆速率与最大灌浆速率分别提高0.02、0.04mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率出现时间推迟0.6d;撒播使内行小麦理论最大粒重提高1.7g。随播量的增加,小麦灌浆期延长,与187.5kg·hm-2播量相比,300kg·hm-2播量下撒播边行和内行及条播边行和内行分别延长2.8、1.8、2.6、2.2d,平均灌浆速率分别降低0.10、0.02、0.11、0.10mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率分别降低0.15、0.03、0.15、0.15mg·粒-1·d-1,最大灌浆速率出现时间分别推迟0.7、0.5、0.9和-0.8d,理论最大粒重分别降低1.5、3.1、1.1、6.5g。撒播内行穗数达到529.0万穗·hm-2,显著高于条播,穗粒数与千粒重分别较条播高1.4粒与0.2g,产量较条播高405.0kg·hm-2,而边行穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量与条播无显著差异;撒播平均产量较条播高5.1%。随播量的增加,单位面积穗数增加,穗粒数、千粒重下降。产量撒播以播量225.0kg·hm-2最高,条播以播量262.5kg·hm-2最高。以上结果说明,在麦棉套作模式下小麦采用撒播,播量在225.0kg·hm-2时可有效提高产量。     

基于不同栽培模式的小麦强、弱势粒灌浆特性研究

为了解栽培措施对小麦强、弱势粒粒重和品质的调控作用在不同蘖位间的表现，以弱筋小麦品种扬麦22为材料，采用传统生产（TPP）、现有生产（CPP）和潜在推广（PEP）三个栽培模式分别建立小麦群体，对小麦主茎强势粒（MS）和弱势粒（MI）、第一分蘖强势粒（TS）和弱势粒（TI）进行连续取样分析，研究了小麦不同粒位间籽粒灌浆特性、蛋白质含量和产量的差异及栽培模式的影响。结果表明，强势粒的最大粒重、成熟期蛋白质含量和产量较弱势粒分别高9.3~12.4 mg·grain^-1、0.9~1.1个百分点和1.4~1.8 mg·grain^-1。与TS相比，MS的最大粒重提高2.2 mg·grain^-1，蛋白质含量降低0.8个百分点，但MI与TI间两个指标差异均不显著。MS灌浆快、启动早、速率高，而TS需要更长的灌浆时间来实现较高的粒重。相比分蘖，主茎强、弱势粒间粒重和蛋白质含量差异大，受栽培模式影响较大。不同粒位的最大粒重与最高灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均呈显著线性正相关。小麦群体平均粒重、籽粒蛋白质产量与强、弱势粒最大粒重、蛋白质产量均一致表现为PEP模式高于CPP和TPP模式；但籽粒平均蛋白质含量与强、弱势粒蛋白质含量在不同模式间表现趋势不一致。因此，通过栽培措施合理规划小麦穗群结构，有助于构建高产和优质协同群体。     

Determinants of barley grain yield in a wide range of Mediterranean environments

Barley grain yield in rainfed Mediterranean regions can be largely influenced by terminal drought events. In this study the ecophysiological performance of the ‘Nure’ (winter) × ‘Tremois’ (spring) barley mapping population (118 Doubled Haploids, DHs) was evaluated in a multi-environment trial of eighteen site–year combinations across the Mediterranean Basin during two consecutive harvest years (2004 and 2005). Mean grain yield of sites ranged from 0.07 to 5.43 t ha⁻¹, clearly dependent upon both the total water input (rainfall plus irrigation) and the water stress index (WSI) accumulated during the growing season. All DHs were characterized for possessing molecular marker alleles tagging four genes that regulate barley cycle, i.e. Vrn-H1, Vrn-H2, Ppd-H2 and Eam6. Grain yield differences were initially interpreted in terms of mean differences between genotypes (G), environments (E), and for each combination of genotype and environment (GE) through a “full interaction” ANOVA model. Variance components estimates clearly showed the greater importance of GE over G, although both were much lower than E. Alternative linear and bilinear models of increasing complexity were used to describe GE. A linear model fitting allelic variation at the four genes explained genotype main effect and genotype × environment interaction much better than growth habit itself. Adaptation was primarily driven by the allelic constitution at three out of the four segregating major genes, i.e. Vrn-H1, Ppd-H2 and Eam6. In fact, the three genes together explained 47.2% of G and 26.3% of GE sum of squares. Grain yield performance was more determined by the number of grains per unit area than by the grain weight (phenotypic correlation across all genotypic values: r = 0.948 and 0.559, respectively). The inter-relationships among a series of characters defining grain yield and its components were also explored as a function of the length of the different barley developmental phases, i.e. vegetative, reproductive, and grain filling stages. In most environments, the best performing (adapted) genotypes were those with faster development until early occurrence of anthesis. This confirmed the crucial role of the period defining the number of grains per unit area in grain yield determination under Mediterranean environments.     

迟播对冬小麦灌浆后期高温胁迫下旗叶光合能力和产量的影响

为了解迟播对冬小麦灌浆后期高温胁迫下旗叶光合的调控效应,在大田条件下设置2个播期(常规播期10月8日、推迟播期10月22日)和2种灌浆期温度(开放式增温、自然温度),分析了迟播小麦旗叶光合能力的变化及其对灌浆后期高温胁迫的响应。结果表明,灌浆期高温降低了小麦旗叶光合速率、花后干物质生产量、粒重和产量。与常规播期相比,迟播提高了高温胁迫下小麦旗叶叶绿体类囊体膜不饱和脂肪酸指数,保持类囊体膜相对稳定,减轻高温对旗叶光合机构的损伤;增强了旗叶活性氧清除能力,保障能量传输,减少热耗散,提高光化学反应中可利用能量的分配比例,保持较高的光合系统同化力;提高了气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度,增加光合作用底物供应。总之,迟播小麦的旗叶可在灌浆期高温胁迫下保持较高的光合能力,有利于提高粒重和产量。     

小麦干热风抗性鉴定及热胁迫相关基因TaHSPs的表达分析

为鉴定黄淮麦区小麦品种干热风抗性以及不同抗性品种热激蛋白(TaHSPs)基因的表达差异,以98个小麦品种为试验材料,于花后10~20d进行人工模拟干热风处理,通过测定小麦不同生长时期的叶绿素含量、收获后的千粒重与籽粒品质,评价不同品种干热风抗性;对筛选出的干热风抗性不同的品种在出苗15d进行热胁迫处理,通过荧光定量PCR测定热胁迫0~4.5h内TaHSPs基因表达量的变化。结果表明,干热风处理后,供试小麦品种旗叶的叶绿素含量均降低,高抗干热风品种降幅较小,热敏感型品种降幅较大;供试小麦品种的千粒重均降低。山农23号等3个品种达到高、中抗干热风等级,且抗性比较稳定,师栾02-1为热敏感型品种。干热风处理后籽粒蛋白质含量升高,总淀粉含量降低,抗干热风小麦品种总淀粉相对含量降幅较小。不同小麦品种幼苗在热胁迫0~4.5h期间,TaHSPs基因表达量均为抛物线趋势,抗干热风品种在热胁迫1h时TaHSP16.9基因表达上调幅度大于热敏感型品种。对于TaHSP17.8基因,抗干热风品种在热胁迫期间,上调表达反应时间均早于热敏感型品种;在热胁迫0.5h时,山农23号、周麦18与泰山9818三个抗干热风品种基因表达均上调至590倍以上,而师栾02-1与济南17号的上调幅度在300倍以下。对于TaHSP23.6基因,山农23号的上调表达峰值远高于其他品种。对于TaHSP26.6基因,热敏感型品种在热胁迫后期的上调倍数高于抗干热风品种,师栾02-1与济南17号两个热敏感型品种在热胁迫4.5h时上调幅度均在4 000倍以上,而抗干热风品种山农23号、周麦18与泰山9818上调幅度均在3 000倍以下。     

不同水稻品种在高温逼熟下的表现及其与气象因子的关系

【目的】随着全球气候变暖的加剧,灌浆期高温逼熟对水稻产量和品质的威胁日趋严重,明确水稻不同耐热性品种对灌浆期高温逼熟的反应及其与气象因子间的关系,对提高优质稻栽培和育种水平意义重大。【方法】对48个不同类型的水稻品种分4期进行大田播种,使各品种在灌浆期经历不同气象条件,探讨其主要产量、品质性状表现及其与气象因子的关系。【结果】多数品种粒重和品质指标在播期间差异显著;根据各指标变异系数和指标间相关性,确定千粒重、整精米率和垩白度等作为水稻品种灌浆期响应气象条件的主要农艺学指标;而气象因子中,日平均温度、相对湿度和日照时数为主要影响指标。采用隶属函数值对品种进行分类,感性品种千粒重、整精米率和垩白度的平均差异分别比耐性品种大1.98 g、30.02%和19.81%。进一步分析隶属函数值随日平均气温、相对湿度和日照时数的分布发现,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、相对湿度≤84%、日照时数6~10 h时品种间耐性差异最大。【结论】垩白度、整精米率和千粒重可作为品种对高温逼熟响应的代表性农艺学指标;田间形成高温逼熟危害的气象条件是以温湿度为主导的综合气象条件,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、平均相对湿度≤84%和日照时数≥6.5 h时,品种间耐性差异最大,是田间高温逼熟耐性筛选和鉴定的适宜气象条件。     

Genotypic variation in linear rate of grain growth and contribution of stem reserves to grain yield in wheat

Grain growth in wheat depends on current photosynthesis and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). In semiarid regions with terminal drought, grain filling in wheat crops may depend more on stem WSC content than on current assimilates. Reduction in grain yield under drought is attributed to shorter duration of linear grain growth despite increased contribution of stem reserves to grain yield. The amount of stem reserves is measured either by changes in stem dry weight (indirect method) or by stem WSC content (direct method). Genotypic variation in the rate and duration of linear grain growth and in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield has not been evaluated in wheat. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the relationship between the direct and indirect measurement of stem reserves during and across the grain-filling period and (ii) to measure the extent of genotypic variation in rate and duration of linear grain growth and in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield. Dry weight, WSC content and grain yield of the main stem were measured at 10-day intervals in 11 diverse wheat genotypes under well-watered and droughted-field conditions across 2 years. Drought reduced stem WSC content from 413 to 281 mg and grain yield from 4.6 to 2.5 t ha⁻¹. Stem WSC content and dry weight were positively correlated. Genotypic differences in linear rate of grain growth were significant in well-watered (ranging from 48.9 to 72.4 mg spike⁻¹ day⁻¹) and in droughted-field (ranging from 33.2 to 59.9 mg spike⁻¹ day⁻¹) conditions. Drought, on average, reduced the linear rate and duration of grain growth by 20 and 50%, respectively. Reduction in linear rate ranged from 13 to 43%. The amount of current assimilates and stem reserves contributed to grain yield was reduced, respectively, by 54 and 11% under drought. Genotypic differences in percent contribution of stem reserves to grain yield were significant in well-watered (ranging from 19.1 to 53.6%) and in droughted-field (ranging from 36.6 to 65.4%) conditions. The wheat genotypes responded differently to drought. Main spike grain yield was reduced by 43% under drought due to 26 and 11% reduction in grain weight and number of grains, respectively. Grain yield was correlated with linear grain growth under well-watered (r = 0.96) and droughted (r = 0.83) conditions. The genotypic variation observed indicates that breeding for a higher rate of linear grain growth and greater contribution of stem reserves to grain yield should be possible in wheat to stabilize grain yield in stressful environments.     

新疆春小麦育成品种耐热性评价

为筛选出耐热性好的小麦种质材料，通过开花期至成熟期人工模拟高温胁迫环境，以千粒重热感指数为主要评价指标，评价了新疆近30年来审定的春小麦品种的相对耐热性，并分析了高温胁迫对小麦籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量的影响。结果表明，与自然生长相比，高温胁迫条件下新疆春小麦育成品种的千粒重、籽粒宽度的变化均达到了极显著水平（P<0.01），籽粒长度变化不显著(P>0.05)，不同品种间耐热性存在很大差异。综合三年千粒重热感指数（HSI）分析，耐热性相对较好的品种有17个，连续三年HSI＜1的品种有11个，其中新春37号、新春2号、新春38号在高温胁迫条下千粒重变化较小，产量较稳定，为强耐热品种；对高温敏感品种有26个，连续三年HSI≥1的品种有13个，其中新春13号、新春18号、新春33号耐热性相对较弱。高温胁迫影响小麦籽粒的品质，其中13.95%的品种蛋白质含量降低，6.98%的品种湿面筋含量降低，其他品种高温胁迫后籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量均较自然生长有所提高。     

The influence of drought and heat stress on the expression of end-use quality parameters of common wheat

The effects of drought and heat stress on quality parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were studied under field conditions in a 2-year trial (2009–2010) in northwest Mexico. Under no stress conditions, rapid small-scale parameters [protein (GP; FP) content, SDS sedimentation (SDSS), mixograph peak time (MPT), swelling index of glutenin (SIG), and lactic acid retention capacity (LARC)] showed significant relationship with gluten strength (alveograph energy, W) and bread loaf volume (LV). SIG and LARC were better than SDSS and MPT for predicting W, while SDSS was better than W and SIG for predicting bread LV. Most quality traits were primarily controlled by genotype (G), although environment (E) and G × E also had significant effects. Heat and drought stress showed contrasting effects on LARC, MPT, alveograph parameters [tenacity (P), extensibility (L), P/L ratio, W] and LV. Increase in P and decrease in L resulted in higher tenacity (larger P/L), which may explain the smaller loaf volume under drought stress. In contrast, decrease in P and increase in L, may explain the improved bread volume observed under heat stress. It is advisable to select for wheat quality under both favorable and abiotic stress conditions to identify genotypes with quality stability across environments.     

Pins基因等位变异对磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响

为了探讨新疆冬小麦品种Pins基因等位变异对小麦磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响，对109份新疆冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度及其Pins基因等位变异、磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质进行测定，初步分析了新疆冬小麦品种资源籽粒硬度Pins基因的分布规律以及不同 Pins基因等位变异对籽粒硬度、磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响。结果表明，新疆冬小麦品种属硬质麦类型，Pins基因型以 Pina-D1a、 Pinb-D1b和 Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1b为主， Pins突变类型及Pins突变基因型组合类型小麦的籽粒硬度均显著高于野生型， Pinb-D1a基因型小麦的籽粒硬度最低，L^*值和a^*值最高，b^*值最低； Pinb-D1ab基因型小麦的吸水率最高。不同Pins基因型组合中，野生型小麦的籽粒硬度、b^*值和吸水率最低； Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1aa的出粉率最高， Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1ab的灰分含量最低，吸水率最高。Pins基因及其基因型组合对新疆拉面加工品质无直接影响，主要通过对灰分、面粉色泽和吸水率等磨粉品质的作用对新疆拉面产生间接影响。优质新疆拉面品种中，Pinb基因突变对新疆拉面加工品质的影响大于Pina基因突变，育种中应优先选择Pinb 基因突变型材料，其中 Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1b可以作为重点选择的基因型组合。     

Physical and chemical parameters,Fusarium verticillioides growth and fumonisin production in kernels of nine maize genotypes

Fusarium verticilloides synthesizes fumonisins (FBs) in the field and during faulty storage of maize. FBs are worrisome because of their toxicological effects. Nine maize genotypes differing in physical grain properties, phytochemical profiles, and chemical compositions were evaluated. Kernels were tempered to 18% moisture and purposely contaminated with F. verticilloides to assess differences in mold growth and FBs. The genotype significantly influenced counts with mean values ranging from 12.9 CFU/mLx10⁴ for the highly susceptible Blue Don Goyo to only 1.0 CFU/mLx10⁴ for the Pob84C3 genotype. The concentrations of FBs in these two genotypes were 6.85 and 0.3 ppm, respectively. Popcorn kernels showed a relatively high level of Fusarium counts (7.0 CFU/mLx10⁴) but low concentrations of FBs (1.4 ppm). The large-sized Cacahuacintle and Don Goyo kernels, which had the lowest test weights and highest 1000 kernel weight (TKW) showed the highest occurrence of CFU likely due to their low proportion of pericarp, bound phenolics (coumaric), diferulic acids and bound antioxidants. Correlations indicated that mold counts did not correlate (r² = 0.6, P = 0.08) with FBs. However, grain thickness, hardness, TKW and bound phenolics were related to Fusarium counts. This research demonstrated that contrasting maize genotypes showed different susceptibilities to Fusarium growth and FBs contamination.     

灌浆期不同阶段高温胁迫对春小麦籽粒生长的影响

灌浆期短暂高温胁迫严重影响小麦产量。为了明确灌浆期不同阶段短暂高温胁迫对春小麦籽粒生长的影响,以强筋春小麦品种龙麦26和龙麦30为试材,在人工气候室(25℃/15℃)精确控温和人工温室形成绝对高温胁迫的条件下,分析了灌浆期不同阶段5d短暂高温胁迫对粒重的影响。结果表明,在灌浆期不同阶段短暂高温胁迫处理中,两个小麦品种均表现为:前期高温胁迫对粒重影响最大,达极显著水平(P0.01);随着高温胁迫处理时期的后移,粒重降低幅度逐渐减小;后期(花后25d)高温胁迫对粒重影响不显著。灌浆期缩短是导致粒重降低的主要原因。