翁源青云山自然保护区维管束植物区系特征分析

青云山省级自然保护区位于韶关翁源县的东南部,本研究在查阅文献、历史标本的基础上,对本区进行全面踏查、标本采集并鉴定,从而进行植物物种多样性编目和区系分析。结果表明：青云山自然保护区有维管束植物1336种（含种下分类单位）,其中石松类和蕨类植物132种,隶属于62属24科,裸子植物6种,隶属于4属4科,被子植物1198种,隶属于588属148科;本区的表征科主要以樟科（Lauraceae）、壳斗科（Fagaceae）、冬青科（Aquifoliaceae）等为主。植物区系地理组成复杂,主要以热带、亚热带为主,且热带、亚热带的过渡性质明显。从中国特有种的分布情况来看,该地区与湖南南部、广西东北部、江西西南部联系较为紧密,体现了南岭山脉植物区系的一致性与整体性;珍稀濒危植物共计48种;植被具有中亚热带向南亚热带过渡的特征。青云山自然保护区植物物种丰富度高、植被类型多样,建议将园洞、青山口等珍稀濒危植物分布较集中的地区列为优先保护区域。     

Diversity and phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts from plant leaves and soil: Proposal of two new orders,three new families,eight new genera and one hundred and seven new species

Nearly 500 basidiomycetous yeast species were accepted in the latest edition of The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study published in 2011. However, this number presents only the tip of the iceberg of yeast species diversity in nature. Possibly more than 99 % of yeast species, as is true for many groups of fungi, are yet unknown and await discovery. Over the past two decades nearly 200 unidentified isolates were obtained during a series of environmental surveys of yeasts in phyllosphere and soils, mainly from China. Among these isolates, 107 new species were identified based on the phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) [D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU), the small subunit (SSU), and the internal transcribed spacer region including the 5.8S rDNA (ITS)] and protein-coding genes [both subunits of DNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (CYTB)], and physiological comparisons. Forty-six of these belong to 16 genera in the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina). The other 61 are distributed in 26 genera in the Pucciniomycotina. Here we circumscribe eight new genera, three new families and two new orders based on the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses combined with the clustering optimisation analysis and the predicted similarity thresholds for yeasts and filamentous fungal delimitation at genus and higher ranks. Additionally, as a result of these analyses, three new combinations are proposed and 66 taxa are validated.     

Contributions to the moss flora of Artvin region (Hatila Valley National Park-Turkey)

Field studies were organized for exploring the moss flora of Hatila Valley National Park of Artvin (Turkey) during spring-summer period in 2005-2006. The taxonomic survey yielded eighty-five moss taxa o(comprises of seventy-nine species, six varieties) belonging to 44 genera of 16 families in Hatila Valley National Park of Artvin, Turkey. Bryum rubens Milt., Dicranodontium uncinatufm (Harv.) A. Jaeger., Eurhynchium hians var. rigidum (Boul.) Düll., Hypnum jutlandicum Holmen and Warncke, Rhynchostegiella jacquinii (Garov.) Limpr. and Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum (Schultz) R. H. Z ander are new records for A4 grid square (40 degrees-42' N, 38 degrees-42' E) determined. All taxa were found for the first time in Artvin. For every each taxon, the habitat pattern and distribution data are presented.     

Venturiales

Members of Venturiales (Dothideomycetes) are widely distributed, and comprise saprobes, as well as plant, human and animal pathogens. In spite of their economic importance, the general lack of cultures and DNA data has resulted in taxa being poorly resolved. In the present study five loci, ITS, LSU rDNA, tef1, tub2 and rpb2 are used for analysing 115 venturialean taxa representing 30 genera in three families in the current classification of Venturiales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, morphological and ecological characteristics, one new family, Cylindrosympodiaceae, and eight new genera are described, namely Bellamyces, Fagicola, Fraxinicola, Fuscohilum, Neofusicladium, Parafusicladium, Pinaceicola and Sterila. In addition, 12 species are described as new to science, and 41 new combinations are proposed. The taxonomic status of 153 species have been re-evaluated with 20 species excluded from Venturiales. Based on this revision of Venturiales, morphological characteristics such as conidial arrangement (solitary or in chains) or conidiogenesis (blastic-solitary, sympodial or annellidic), proved to be significant at generic level. Venturia as currently defined represents a generic complex. Furthermore, plant pathogens appear more terminal in phylogenetic analyses within Venturiaceae and Sympoventuriaceae, suggesting that the ancestral state of Venturiales is most likely saprobic.     

象山港底栖硅藻群落结构特征

于2005年5月(春季)和11月(秋季)对浙江省象山港海域底栖硅藻进行采样调查,分析底栖硅藻的种类组成、丰度、优势种、多样性及群落结构的季节变化和平面分布特征,并讨论底栖硅藻与水温、盐度等环境因子之间的关系。共鉴定硅藻46属179种,硅藻种类数在春季共有46属164种,秋季减少到22属52种。种类组成以广温种为主,其次是暖水种和温水种。主要优势种有柱状小环藻(Cyclotella stylorum)、琼氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus jonesianus)等。细胞丰度范围在(0.007~6.851)×103个/g之间,平均值为1.522×103个/g。春季硅藻丰度较高,平均值为2.974×103个/g,秋季为0.071×103个/g。不同站位间硅藻的分布也表现出显著的差异,硅藻细胞丰度最高值位于港顶部鱼排密集区9号站位,春季细胞丰度值为6.851×103个/g,秋季细胞丰度值为0.143×103个/g。硅藻丰度较高的有位于鱼排区的3号、4号、5号、7号站位,其余较低。硅藻群落多样性指数和均匀度春季较高,秋季降低。底栖硅藻数量分布随季节变化明显,与盐度关系不大。     

福建泉州地区珍稀野生药用植物资源与保护

通过对福建泉州地区植物资源的考查和研究,发现该地区有珍稀野生药用植物38科52属63种,其中蕨类植物7科7属8种,裸子植物8科9属10种,被子植物23科36属45种。从生活型上看,有乔木30种,灌木8种,草本20种,藤本5种。国家级保护的有36种,省级保护的有15种。该区珍稀植物具有起源古老,特有性强,地理分布复杂的特征。分析该区珍稀野生药用植物的生活型特征、分布区类型特征和致危原因,并提出相应的保护措施。     

海南岛兰科植物区系的组成及其特征

海南岛是我国兰科植物分布最集中的地区之一,目前已发现有78属214种。其中,中国特有种31种(包括海南特有种14种),非中国特有种但在中国仅见于海南岛的有20种。种数在10种以上的属有羊耳蒜属(Liparis)、石斛属(Dendrobium)、毛兰属(Eria)、石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)和兰属(Cymbidium)。海南岛兰科植物属的地理成分可划分为12个分布型和变型,其中热带亚洲成分占总属数的51.3%,热带分布属有71属,占绝对优势。海南岛兰科植物的生活型多样,附生兰有43属,地生兰有32属,腐生兰5属(其中羊耳蒜属和兰属中存在附生和地生2种生活型)。多个种在叶型和花色上变异较大,可作为优良育种材料。与邻近地区相比,海南岛兰科植物与西双版纳共有属最多(为56属),其次依序为台湾、广东、广西和福建。虽然海南岛与台湾和西双版纳同处热带北缘,受热带季风气候影响,但其兰科植物在属、物种和特有种的数量上比后两者要少。总的说来,海南岛的兰科植物区系较为多样,与亚洲热带兰科植物区系亲缘关系密切。     

海南橡胶树丛枝菌根真菌调查

从海南11个市/县的21个橡胶种植园采集的24份橡胶根际土样中,初步鉴定出分属于5个属的31种丛枝菌根真菌,其中,球囊霉属Glomus有16种,已确定6种;无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 10种,已确定5种;内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种,已确定种1种;原囊霉属Archaeospora 1种,为确定种;盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 2种,已确定1种。对13种已确定种进行了形态描述。结果表明球囊霉属Glomus是海南橡胶树根际丛枝菌根真菌分离频率最高属,蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)是分离频率最高种。     

海南岛兰花种质资源考察报告

对海南岛15个县(市)不同生态类型区兰花种质资源进行了全面的考察,共搜集了野生兰57属161种(变种、型),栽培兰14属(剔除与野生种重复)50余个品种,其中海南特有种21个,东亚特有属8个,海南新记录属6个,海南新记录种13个,保存活种质180余种(品种、型),10多种野生兰有观赏价值。通过实地考察,基本摸清了海南岛兰花种质的分布(水平分布和垂直分布)、生态环境、多度、花果期及形态特征等情况。     

广东车八岭国家级自然保护区保健植物资源调查及开发利用

调查统计发现，广东车八岭国家级自然保护区共有保健植物49科79属110种，其中裸子植物3科3属4种，双子叶植物41科69属97种，单子叶植物5科7属9种。文中根据习性和利用部位对其进行了分类，还结合保护区的实际情况提出了开发利用保健植物的建议。     

The molecular phylogeny of freshwater Dothideomycetes

The freshwater Dothideomycetes species are an ecological rather than taxonomic group and comprise approximately 178 meiosporic and mitosporic species. Due to convergent or parallel morphological adaptations to aquatic habitats, it is difficult to determine phylogenetic relationships among freshwater taxa and among freshwater, marine and terrestrial taxa based solely on morphology. We conducted molecular sequence-based phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal sequences (SSU and/or LSU) for 84 isolates of described and undescribed freshwater Dothideomycetes and 85 additional taxa representative of the major orders and families of Dothideomycetes. Results indicated that this ecological group is not monophyletic and all the freshwater taxa, except three aeroaquatic Tubeufiaceae, occur in Pleosporomycetidae as opposed to Dothideomycetidae. Four clades comprised of only freshwater taxa were recovered. The largest of these is the Jahnulales clade consisting of 13 species, two of which are the anamorphs Brachiosphaera tropicalis and Xylomyces chlamydosporus. The second most speciose clade is the Lindgomycetaceae clade consisting of nine taxa including the anamorph Taeniolella typhoides. The Lindgomycetaceae clade consists of taxa formerly described in Massarina, Lophiostoma, and Massariosphaeria e.g., Massarina ingoldiana, Lophiostoma breviappendiculatum, and Massariosphaeria typhicola and several newly described and undescribed taxa. The aquatic family Amniculicolaceae, including three species of Amniculicola, Semimassariosphaeria typhicola and the anamorph, Anguillospora longissima, was well supported. A fourth clade of freshwater species consisting of Tingoldiago graminicola, Lentithecium aquaticum, L. arundinaceum and undescribed taxon A-369-2b was not well supported with maximum likelihood bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability. Eight freshwater taxa occurred along with terrestrial species in the Lophiostoma clades 1 and 2. Two taxa lacking statistical support for their placement with any taxa included in this study are considered singletons within Pleosporomycetidae. These singletons, Ocala scalariformis, and Lepidopterella palustris, are morphologically distinct from other taxa in Pleosporomycetidae. This study suggests that freshwater Dothideomycetes are related to terrestrial taxa and have adapted to freshwater habitats numerous times. In some cases (Jahnulales and Lindgomycetaceae), species radiation appears to have occurred. Additional collections and molecular study are required to further clarify the phylogeny of this interesting ecological group.     

海南岛橡胶林群落与青梅林群落物种组成特征分析

橡胶林在海南岛分布较广，是海南岛重要的植被类型之一，在海南热带森林生态系统中占有非常重要的地位；同样青梅林在海南热带森林生态系统中地位也极其重要。本文分析海南岛橡胶群落与青梅林群落物种组成与区系成分特征，结果表明：（1）在调查面积为10 400 m2橡胶林样地内共有种子植物91科296属450种；在调查面积为3 600 m2的青梅林样地内共有种子植物45科84属94种。（2）橡胶林群落主要由大戟科、禾本科、茜草科、蝶形花科和菊科组成；青梅林群落主要由茜草科、大戟科、豆科、番荔枝科和无患子科组成。（3）橡胶林群落热带成分的科有58个，占总科数的63.7％，青梅林群落热带成分的科34个，占总科数的75.6％，表明了橡胶林群落和青梅林群落同样都具有热带性质。（4）橡胶林中热带亚洲的属37个，占总属数的12.5％；青梅林群落中热带亚洲的属22个，占总属数的26.2％，表明青梅林群落热带亚洲亲缘性较强。（5）海南橡胶林群落世界广布科有24个，占总科数的26.1％，世界广布的属有14个，占总属数的4.8％，分别高于青梅林群落的15.6％和1.2％，橡胶林群落世界广布分布比例较高表明了其群落过渡性的特点。     

海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林植物组成与地理成分

为揭示海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林区域植物群落特征、性质和规律,以期为进一步分析生物多样性保育与恢复策略及生态服务功能评估等提供科学依据,在海南岛南部甘什岭自然保护区选择典型低地雨林建立1 hm~2固定样地,进行立地因子和植被调查,并研究其物种组成与地理成分。结果表明:维管植物隶属于65科150属213种,种子植物63科148属211种,分别占海南岛和全国种子植物总科、属、种的32.66%、19.29%,13.56%、4.69%和7.65%、0.78%~0.81%;优势科明显,单种科36个,寡种科24个,共占总科数的92.31%;属内种的变化范围为1~6,单种属最多,占总数的76.00%;科和属的分布区类型均以泛热带分布为主,热带性质占绝对优势,这不同于尖峰岭山地雨林热带-亚热带过度性明显的特点;根据种-面积曲线研究表明,甘什岭热带低地雨林最小取样面积为范围在3 600~6 400 m~2之间,其上限高于海南岛霸王岭热带山地雨林的4 000 m~2最小面积;相较于山地雨林,其植物种类较丰富,地理成分更复杂。     

华侨大学校园种子植物调查与分析

为提供校园植物学教学和绿化的理论依据,丰富城市绿地规划研究内容,对华侨大学种子植物进行了持续调查,并统计分析了种子植物的特点,结果表明：（1）华侨大学种子植物共有568种,来源于118科和375属。其中,裸子植物9科,15属,21种,被子植物109科,360属,547种。原生植物有398种,外来植物有170种。种子植物以原生种类为主,外来植物为辅,不仅具有观赏特点,同时还具有药用价值,乔木和草本植物占优势。（2）优势科、属不明显,单种科和少种科有101科,占总科数的85.60%;少种属和单种属有366属,共占总属数的97.50%,单种科（属）和少种科（属）占重要地位。（3）种子植物地理成分多样,以热带分布为主,热带成分的科共计66科,占校园总科数的77.65%;热带成分的属共计266属,占校园总属数的76.66%。原生植物在科和属的分布类型上较外来植物更丰富,但外来植物在华侨大学分布较广,在绿化建设中仍占有重要地位。     

海南省琼海市药用植物资源调查研究

在第四次全国中药资源普查的工作中,采用实地调查和样地分析相结合的方法,对琼海市药用植物进行了一次较为全面的考察。结果表明,琼海市药用植物资源丰富,类型多样,药用维管植物共计151科536属826种,其中蕨类植物15科17属25种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物135科518属800种。其中以含1~5种药用植物的科占较大比例,达到76.16%;属以单种属占绝对优势。区系分析表明,琼海市野生植物的科的地理成分以热带性质为主。本区植被人为干扰较大,特有种及珍稀濒危植物比例较低,应加强保护力度。     

广西红壤区甘蔗根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌种类的 18S rDNA 基 因序列分析鉴定及多样性分析

为探明广西红壤区甘蔗根际土壤丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌多样性特点,本研究通过 18S rDNA 基因序列分析对来自广西红壤蔗区 33 个样地的甘蔗根系和根际土壤样品的 AM 真菌种属进行了鉴定,并分析了 土壤理化性质对 AM 真菌侵染率和多样性的影响。结果表明：3 类红壤类土壤中,赤红壤的根外菌丝量、根内菌丝和 丛枝平均侵染率最高,分别为 13.59%、24.18%、1.29%;砖红壤的泡囊平均侵染率最高,为 19.17%。所构建的 AM 真 菌克隆文库中共发现了 24 个 OTU,分别属于 AM 真菌的 7 科 12 属 24 种,其中球囊霉科含 5 属 10 种,多样孢囊霉科 含 1 属 2 种、无梗囊霉科含 1 属 1 种、巨孢囊霉科含 2 属 2 种,近明囊霉科含 1 属 5 种,原囊霉科和类球囊霉科各含 1 属 2 种;3 类土壤的优势科和优势属分别为球囊霉科和根生囊霉属。红壤的 AM 真菌物种丰富度和香浓维纳指数最高, 砖红壤最低。3 类土壤的理化因子与 AM 真菌的物种丰富度均无显著相关。3 类土壤的根内菌丝侵染率与 pH 值均呈正 相关,与有机质、总氮及有效磷含量呈负相关。     

Testing the Accuracy of Vegetation-Based Ecoregions for Predicting the Species Composition of Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

To properly define ecoregions, specific criteria such as geology, climate, or species composition (e.g., the presence of endemic species) must be taken into account to understand distribution patterns and resolve ecological biogeography questions. Since the studies on insects in Baja California are scarce, and no fine-scale ecoregions based on the region’s entomofauna is available, this study was designed to test whether the ecoregions based on vegetation can be used for insects, such as Calliphoridae. Nine collecting sites distributed along five ecoregions were selected, between latitudes 29.6° and 32.0°N. In each site, three baited traps were used to collect blow flies from August 2017 to June 2019 during summer, winter, and spring. A total of 30,307 individuals of blow flies distributed in six genera and 13 species were collected. The most abundant species were Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), Phormia regina (Meigen), and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart). The composition of the Calliphoridae community was different between the localities and three general groups have been distinguished, based on the species composition similarity (ANOSIM) results: Gulf-Desert, Mountains, and Pacific-Center. The vegetation-based ecoregions only reflect the blow fly species’ distributions to a certain extent, meaning that care must be taken when undertaking ecological biogeographical studies using regionalization based on organisms other than the focal taxa because vegetation does not always reflect fauna species composition.