长白山灵芝中糖类物质分析及方法学的研究

目的：测定长白山灵芝糖类物质的含量。方法：3，5-二硝基水杨酸法测定灵芝中的总糖和还原糖含量，葸酮-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量。结果：灵芝中总糖的含量为19．65％，还原糖的含量为8．66％，多糖含量为10．49％。结论：灵芝中总糖和多糖含量均较高。     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗氧化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征（包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析）和体外抗氧化活性（清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力）研究。结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系。     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征(包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析)和体外抗氧化活性(清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力)研究.结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系.     

绿茶饮料中茶多糖的构成

用高压液相色谱法(HPLC)测定绿茶饮料中茶叶游离多糖和复合多糖的构成和含量。结果显示，茶多糖总量约为绿茶饮料固形物的3．5％，游离多糖和复合多糖分别为1．9％和1．6％；其中包含了6种糖类：鼠李糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖；而半乳糖和阿拉伯糖在游离多糖和复合多糖中均占80％以上。     

笋壳多糖脱蛋白方法的比较

为了研究笋壳多糖的脱蛋白工艺,以脱蛋白率、糖保留率和DPPH自由基清除能力为指标,对比研究了Sevag法、TCA法、酶法和醋酸铅法的笋壳多糖的脱蛋白效果。结果表明,最佳笋壳多糖脱蛋白方法为醋酸铅法,其脱蛋白工艺为：1 mg/mL糖液中添加醋酸铅使终浓度为1.0％,室温静置1 h,5 000 r/min离心20 min,最终脱蛋白率为80.17％,多糖保留率为81.12％,自由基清除能力为40.56％。该方法操作简便,脱蛋白效果好,且兼具良好的脱色澄清效果,适合工业上大规模生产使用。     

马铃薯块茎中糖的分级

马铃薯块茎中糖的分级康玉林，东惠茹，徐利群（中国农科院蔬菜花卉研究所１０００８１）马铃薯块茎中碳水化合物可分为淀粉、非淀粉性多糖和糖（蔗糖和还原糖），其中淀粉占块茎干物重的６０％～８０％，非淀粉性多糖占５．６％左右，蔗糖和还原糖则分别占干基的０．２５...     

檀香“红茶”多糖提取工艺优化与抗氧化活性初探

本实验以檀香"红茶"为原料,通过正交实验优化了檀香红茶茶多糖的提取工艺,提出了一种檀香茶多糖的提取方式;研究了物料比、提取时间、提取温度、提取方式对檀香茶多糖提取的影响。测定檀香茶多糖的中性糖的含量、蛋白质含量、糖醛酸含量、抗氧化活性。结果表明:檀香"红茶"具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

龙井皇袍茶的主要功能成分研究

试验结果显示,龙井皇袍茶散茶、饼茶和原料茶的茶氨酸含量分别为5．60、1．80、16．37mg／g,游离氨基酸含量为32.06、15.27、46.00mg／g;茶多糖中性糖含量分别为17．87、13．79、15．61mg／g,茶多糖酸性糖含量分别为28．17、22．90、28．81mg／g;没食子酸含量分别为22.36、11．73、0．87mg／g;咖啡含量分别为37．16、24．11、33．49mg／g;     

毛薯多糖提取分离工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

毛薯是海南的传统杂粮，富含植物多糖。本研究以毛薯块茎粉末为材料探究毛薯多糖的提取工艺和抗氧化活性。采用热水提取法分别进行单因素和三因素三水平L9(33)正交实验，优化毛薯多糖提取工艺。毛薯粗多糖溶液经Sveag法除蛋白、透析、DEAE-52纤维素柱和SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析分离纯化得到毛薯精多糖。采用DPPH法、羟自由基法、超氧阴离子法和还原法检测毛薯多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明：热水提取法最佳工艺条件为温度70℃、料液比1∶15、提取时间3 h，毛薯多糖提取率为1.94%；毛薯多糖经过多次分离纯化后，得到纯度均一的中性多糖；毛薯精多糖DPPH自由基清除能力较弱，1～5 mg/mL的清除率保持在10%左右，且随着多糖浓度的升高，清除能力逐渐下降；毛薯精多糖羟自由基活性随着多糖浓度的升高，活性逐渐增加，在5 mg/mL时清除率最高达到34.74%；毛薯精多糖超阴氧离子自由基活性随着多糖浓度的升高，活性逐渐降低，在1 mg/mL时清除率最高达67.35%；毛薯精多糖还原能力较弱，1～5 mg/mL的还原力最高为0.17。该研究优化了毛薯多糖的提取工艺，毛薯多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性...     

甘蔗品种对比试验初报

桂引9号、桂糖94／119、桂糖96／211、桂糖93／102、园林6号、新台糖22号是近年来广西引进、培育筛选出来的甘蔗新品种。试验结果,平均单产（666．7m^2）桂引9号5．955吨,桂糖94／119为5．765吨,桂糖96／211为5．809吨,桂糖93／102为5．797吨,园林6号6．613吨,新台糖22号7．227吨。平均蔗糖分分别为：15．45％、14．26％、13．83％、14．81％、14．17％、15．37％（绝对值）。     

大叶冬青苦丁茶多糖提取、纯化与抗氧化活性研究

大叶冬青苦丁茶经85%乙醇溶液脱脂、热水提取、S-8大孔树脂脱色、醇沉、干燥,得到大叶冬青苦丁茶粗多糖。粗ILPS经DEAE-52纤维素阴离子交换层析柱分离,得到4个多糖组分ILPS-1,ILPS-2,ILPS-3和ILPS-4。采用化学法分别测定了粗多糖及其纯化组分的体外清除自由基（DPPH.自由基,O2^-.自由基,.OH自由基）能力、还原能力以及螯合金属离子能力。结果表明,大叶冬青苦丁茶多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,并且抗氧化能力与多糖浓度之间存在良好的相关性。     

一种毛尖茶叶多糖MTP06的提取分离及其活性测定

本研究对一种毛尖茶叶多糖的结构与活性开展了研究。采用水提醇沉法提取毛尖茶叶粗多糖,经除蛋白后得到精制多糖(MP),以不同的柱层析方法对MP进行多次分离纯化,得到1个均一组分的毛尖茶叶多糖(Maojian Tea Polysaccharides No.06,MTP06)。采用1,1–二苯基–2–三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除、小鼠免疫细胞RAW264.7增殖、吞噬能力和产生NO等试验方法对MTP06的活性进行研究。结果显示MTP06对0.1 mmol·L~(-1) DPPH溶液的自由基清除率为30.85%,对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖、吞噬能力和产生NO的能力均有促进作用,与空白对照组间有显著差异(P0.01),且质量浓度为500 mg·L~(-1)时,活性最大。     

乙酰化蛋黄果多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

蛋黄果（Lucuma nervosa A. DC）乙酰化修饰多糖的抗氧活性优于未修饰多糖,通过分析乙酰化蛋黄果多糖的乙酰化度、红外光谱和形貌特征,阐明引起抗氧活性提升的原因。试验采用超声波辅助法提取蛋黄果果肉粗多糖,用三氯乙酸法除去蛋白质得到多糖。选取3份0.50 g多糖加入20% NaOH溶液溶解,分别加入1、3、5 mL乙酸酐,得到3种取代度（0.237±0.05、0.275±0.07、0.228±0.04）的乙酰化蛋黄果果肉多糖,评价其清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基和ABTS自由基的能力。结果表明,乙酸酐添加量由少到多时,蛋黄果多糖乙酰基取代度先显著升高,后趋于平缓下降。乙酰化蛋黄果多糖的红外光谱显示了3417 cm^-1（-OH）、2950 cm^-1（-CH）处的伸缩振动和1636 cm^-1处的（-OH）转动振动,1738 cm^-1处出现酯基C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰,表明乙酰化已经成功接入。扫描电镜结果显示,未经乙酰化的蛋黄果多糖表面相对光滑平整,呈片状结构;乙酰化修饰多糖分子间交联增强,构象发生了变化,变为表面形状不规则,出现很多空隙且表面粗糙。3种乙酰化蛋黄果多糖中DHG-Ac2（3 mL醋酐）清除效果最好,在浓度1.0 mg/mL时,DPPH清除能力、ABTS自由基清除率、OH自由基清除率分别为91.37%、58.73%、56.36%,分别高于蛋黄果多糖10.0%、43.7%、25.3%。这是引入的乙酰基能活化多糖链中的异头碳,使多糖的供氢能力提升,继而提升乙酰化蛋黄果多糖的抗氧化作用。本研究为海南产蛋黄果多糖的深入开发与抗氧化应用提供了基础研究数据。     

Isolation,Characterization and Bioactive Properties of Alkali-Extracted Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera

Four new purified polysaccharides (PAP) were isolated and purified from the Enteromorpha prolifera by alkali extraction, and further characterization was investigated. Their average molecular weights of PAP-1, PAP-2, PAP-3, and PAP-4 were estimated as 3.44 × 10⁴, 6.42 × 10⁴, 1.20 × 10⁵, and 4.82 × 10⁴ Da, respectively. The results from monosaccharide analysis indicated that PAP-1, PAP-2, PAP-3 were acidic polysaccharides and PAP-4 was a neutral polysaccharide. PAP-1 and PAP-2 mainly consist of galacturonic acid, while PAP-3 and PAP-4 mainly contained rhamnose. Congo red test showed that no triple helical structure was detected in the four polysaccharides. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Superoxide, and 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical assay. In vitro antitumor activities were evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. PAP-1 exhibited relatively stronger antioxidant activities among the four polysaccharides in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 1.00 mg/mL, the antioxidant activities of PAP-1 on the DPPH radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion radical scavenging rate, and ABTS radical rate at 1.00 mg/mL were 56.40%, 54.27%, and 42.07%, respectively. They also showed no significant inhibitory activity against MGC-803, HepG2, T24, and Bel-7402 cells. These investigations of polysaccharides provide a scientific basis for the use of E. prolifera as an ingredient in functional foods and medicines.     

茶树花多糖的修正系数蒽酮-硫酸检测新方法研究

建立一种茶树花多糖含量的修正系数蒽酮-硫酸检测方法。根据质量守恒定律,在普通蒽酮-硫酸检测多糖方法基础上,通过联用离子色谱检测技术,构建蒽酮-硫酸检测新方法的修正系数（f）,实现茶树花多糖检测技术的快捷、准确和客观。研究表明,以半乳糖为标准对照品时修正系数f_半乳糖=2.84,以葡萄糖为标准对照品时修正系数f_葡萄糖=4.49。该方法稳定性好（RSD_葡萄糖=1.7%,RSD_半乳糖=1.0%）、精密度高（RSD_葡萄糖=1.4%,RSD_半乳糖=2.0%）、重复性强（RSD_葡萄糖=3.2%,RSD_半乳糖=2.5%）及加标回收率佳（回收率_葡萄糖=91.3%~104.1%,回收率_半乳糖=95.9%~104.4%）。用新方法测得3产地茶树花多糖含量分别为10.30%、10.07%及9.99%,高于常规蒽酮-硫酸法检测茶树花多糖值。茶树花多糖中单糖组分分析表明,以半乳糖为标准对照品检测茶树花多糖较好。     

Sulfated polysaccharides in marine sponges: extraction methods and anti-HIV activity

The extraction, fractionation and HIV-1 inhibition potential of polysaccharides extracted from three species of marine sponges, Erylus discophorus, Cliona celata and Stelletta sp., collected in the Northeastern Atlantic, is presented in this work. The anti-HIV activity of 23 polysaccharide pellets and three crude extracts was tested. Crude extracts prepared from Erylus discophorus specimens were all highly active against HIV-1 (90 to 95% inhibition). Cliona celata pellets showed low polysaccharide content (bellow 38.5%) and almost no anti-HIV activity (<10% inhibition). Stelletta sp. pellets, although quite rich in polysaccharide (up to 97.3%), showed only modest bioactivity (<36% HIV-1 inhibition). Erylus discophorus pellets were among the richest in terms of polysaccharide content (up to 98%) and the most active against HIV-1 (up to 95% inhibition). Chromatographic fractionation of the polysaccharide pellet obtained from a specimen of Erylus discophorus (B161) yielded only modestly active fractions. However, we could infer that the active molecule is most probably a high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide (>2000 kDa), whose mechanism is possibly preventing viral attachment and entry (fusion inhibitor).     

Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula

Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. Salt composition and concentration were both shown to affect the polysaccharides’ antioxidant activity. It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains’ interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. Among the cations that were studied, Ca²⁺ had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides’ stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites.     

Immunomodulatory Properties of Highly Viscous Polysaccharide Extract from the Gagome Alga (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kjellmaniella crassifolia</Emphasis>)

Marine brown algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, which have the ability to form gels and viscous solution. Sulfated polysaccharides exhibit many biological activities; however, little is known whether the viscoelastic property in the polysaccharide extract is correlated with biological activities. We examined the immunomodulatory properties of highly viscous polysaccharide extract (HVPE) from Gagome Kjellmaniella crassifolia in a murine model, and the effects were compared with those of a less viscous polysaccharide extract (LVPE). HVPE or LVPE (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 14 days. Secretions of cytokine and IgA in Con A-stimulated spleen and Peyer’s patch (PP) cells and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was determined. IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6, and IgA secretions showed high levels in spleen cell cultures from mice administered HVPE, whereas these effects were diminished in the LVPE-administered mice. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by the continuous oral administration of HVPE, and these effects were higher than those of LVPE. Furthermore, an increase in IgA secretion by administration of HVPE was observed in Con A-stimulated PP cells. These results suggest that the polysaccharide extract from K. crassifolia has immunomodulatory activities, which depend on the viscosity.