椰子水的自然预发酵条件对细菌纤维素合成的促进性影响

细菌纤维素(Bacterial Cellulose,BC)生产中原料椰子水通常经自然预发酵后再使用,对提高BC产量有重要作用。本研究从椰子水产地、预发酵时间、自然预发酵环境3个方面探究了预发酵过程对促进BC合成的必要性和确切性。以预发酵后的椰子水为BC发酵的培养基原料,接种椰冻驹形氏杆菌(Komagataeibacter nataicola)Y19进行BC发酵。结果表明:不同产地的椰子水、经不同预发酵环境、不同预发酵时间后均能显著促进BC合成,对BC产量的增加均有较大影响。在实验室环境预发酵1~3 d时,不同产地椰子水的促进作用均显著,其中产自越南的椰子水在预发酵第2天时BC产量增幅最高,达到对照(新鲜椰子水)的10.8倍;在椰子加工厂区环境进行预发酵时,只需1 d,其BC产量即达最大14.48 g/L,为对照的25.0倍。说明预发酵环境对BC产量增幅影响最大。本文首次阐明椰子水预发酵过程对促进BC合成的必要性和确定性,为进一步揭示椰子水预发酵的本质变化及其对BC发酵调控的影响机制奠定了前期理论基础。      

海洋青霉HN89菌株次生代谢产物抗菌活性的研究

海洋青霉HN89菌株次生代谢产物的抗菌活性与发酵条件对抗生素产量影响的研究结果表明:海洋青霉HN89菌株的次生代谢产物对细菌、酵母、霉菌均有抑制作用;摇瓶发酵产生抗生素(HN89A)的最佳培养基成分为:玉米淀粉20g/L,黄豆粉2g/L,K2HPO41g/L,NaCl0.5g/L,MgSO4 0.5g/L,FeSO4·7H2O0.01g/L,蛋白胨1g/L,用海水配制的海带汁(W/V,2%)1L,最佳发酵条件为28℃下振荡培养(200r/min)96~108h。合适的温度刺激能促进HN89A的合成。      

不同培养基的酵母发酵液对细菌纤维素产量的影响

为了提高细菌纤维素(BC)产量,研究4种酵母菌在NCW、PDB、YPD和BS等4种不同培养基中的发酵液对Gluconacetobacter europaeus Y9 BC产量的影响,并与新鲜椰子水和自然发酵椰子水发酵生产BC的产量进行对比。结果表明:在YPD培养基制成的4种酵母菌发酵液中BC产量都是最高的,其中活性干酵母贝酵母、面包酵母和自行分离筛选的野生酵母威克克鲁维酵母、热带假丝酵母生产的BC产量分别为6.91、5.53、6.15、4.67 g/L,都显著高于以新鲜椰子水发酵合成的BC产量,贝酵母和威克克鲁维酵母在不同培养基中对BC产量影响不同,可能高于或者是接近自然发酵椰子水中的BC产量。推测酵母菌发酵液促进BC合成的原因不仅由于产生了合适浓度的乙醇,应该还与酵母菌产生了其他代谢产物,并且提供了良好的缓冲能力等有关。另一方面,筛自自然发酵椰子水的、野生的威克克鲁维酵母在任何培养基中培养后BC产量都较高,推测该菌株可能是新鲜椰子水经自然发酵后能使BC产量大幅度提高的重要贡献菌种之一。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌TWC2发酵条件的优化

为了提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TWC2菌株活性代谢物质的产量,以菌体生物量和发酵液拮抗甘蔗赤腐病菌(Colletotrichum falcatum Went.)活性为指标,采用单因素和正交试验的方法对TWC2菌株发酵培养基成分和发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,TWC2菌株最佳发酵培养基组成为:5 g/L麦芽糖,10 g/L果糖,10 g/L蛋白胨,10 g/L酵母浸出粉,1 g/L CaCl_2。最适发酵条件为:培养温度34℃,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵起始pH 6.0~6.5,接种量7%,装液量40 mL/250 mL,发酵时间为48 h。在最佳发酵培养基和培养条件下,发酵液抑制甘蔗赤腐病菌的能力较优化前提高了39.91%。     

文心兰的组织培养和移栽管理技术

以文心兰的侧芽为外植体,对侧芽的选择、处理,外植体的消毒方法、培养基的选择等技术进行研究。结果表明：最适合的材料为叶片还未展开的侧芽,二次消毒对文心兰侧芽消毒效果最好。文心兰理想的诱导培养基为MS＋6－BA 5.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L＋椰子水100 mL/L,增殖培养基为MS＋6－BA 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.2mg/L+椰子水100 mL/L,壮苗培养基为MS＋香蕉20g/L,生根培养基为1/2MS＋NAA 1.0 mg/L+香蕉50 g＋土豆20 g/L＋AC2.0 g/L。同时     

玉米内生细菌YY1菌株高产抗菌物质的发酵条件优化

玉米内生细菌YY1菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌,对玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)有强烈的拮抗作用,通过产生抗菌物质发挥抑菌活性。以培养基的无菌滤液对玉米大斑病菌的拮抗活性为检测指标,确定其产生抗菌物质所需要的最佳碳源、氮源及无机盐,通过正交试验得到该菌株产生抗菌物质的培养基配方,并对其发酵工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,最佳培养基为可溶性淀粉3.0%,蛋白胨2.0%,KH2PO40.02%,MnCl20.01%。发酵工艺参数优化结果为培养基装液量30 mL/250 mL,接种量4%,培养基初始pH值为9.0,28℃条件下、120 r/min摇床振荡培养48 h。经发酵条件优化后,其抗菌活性有显著提高。     

防治眼菌蚊Bt.菌株的筛选与培养条件优化

通过11株Bt.菌株对平菇厉眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的室内毒力测定试验,得出91019菌株对平菇厉眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫有较高的毒力效果,其发酵原液和250倍稀释液对平菇厉眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别达到93.10%和82.76%。通过正交试验对91019菌株的各培养条件进行优化,得出理论最佳培养基组分及培养条件为:玉米粉1.0%、黄豆饼粉2.5%、酵母粉2.0%、鱼粉2.0%、蛋白胨0.4%,KH2PO4 0.5 g/L,CaCO3 4.0 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.5 g/L,ZnSO4.7H2O 0.02 g/L;接种量2.0%、pH7.0、装液量25 mL、培养温度25℃。     

花生化感物质降解菌发酵参数的优化

为筛选化感物质降解菌最佳组合并确定降解菌的最适摇瓶发酵培养条件及最适的培养条件,采用L_9(3~4)和L_9(3~3)正交试验研究影响降解菌生长的关键发酵因素,测定各菌的生长曲线并用L_9(3~3)优选菌的最佳组合,用气相色谱检验降解率为标准。结果表明:最佳降解组合为A2(OD0.8)A3(OD0.6)A4(OD0.5),最优培养条件为葡萄糖2g/L,蛋白胨5g/L,牛肉浸膏3g/L;发酵条件为装液量80mL,摇床转速为180r/min,培养温度32℃,培养时间36h,经验证此条件下能缩短菌群的生长周期,提高化感物质的降解率,稳定性良好。     

内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌TB2液体发酵条件的研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验对具有广谱拮抗作用的内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌TB2菌株的摇瓶发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,最佳培养基组份为:玉米淀粉1.0%、豆粉1.0%、(NH4)2SO40.5%、MgSO4·7H2O0.1%、FeSO4·7H2O0.03%、K2HPO4·3H2O0.02%、KH2PO40.01%;培养条件为:初始pH值为7.5,温度35℃,接种量3%,装液量50mL/250mL三角瓶,摇床转速200r/min,发酵周期22～26h。优化条件下发酵水平活菌数达到8.52×1010cfu/mL。     

橘林油脂酵母发酵条件的初步研究

以橘林油脂酵母（Lipomyces kononenkoae CICC1714）为实验材料,通过设计单因素实验,确定了摇瓶发酵培养的最佳产油条件为：氮源为硫酸铵,碳源为葡萄糖,培养温度28℃,接种量10%,初始pH值为7.0,最适碳氮比为99。优化后批次发酵的生物量为7.01g/L,油脂含量15.91%,油脂产量1.12g/L。经半连续发酵后最终的生物量为24.13g/L,油脂产量为3.06g/L。     

In vitro fermentation kinetics and end-products of cereal arabinoxylans and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans by porcine faeces

Purified and semi-purified polysaccharides characteristic of cereals were fermented in vitro with a pig faecal inoculum, using the cumulative gas production technique, to examine the kinetics and end-products of fermentation after 48 h. It was shown that arabinoxylan and mixed linkage (1,3;1,4) β-glucan were rapidly fermented if soluble, while less soluble substrates (insoluble arabinoxylan, maize and wheat starch granules, and bacterial cellulose) were more slowly fermented. Relevant monosaccharides were fermented at very similar rates to soluble polymeric arabinoxylan and β-glucan, showing that depolymerisation was not a limiting step, in contrast to some previous studies. Bacterial cellulose is shown to be a useful model substrate for fermentation of plant cellulose which is difficult to obtain without harsh chemical treatments. Fermentation end-products were related to kinetics, with slow carbohydrate fermentation resulting in increased protein fermentation. Ratios of short-chain fatty acid products were similar for all arabinoxylan and β-glucan substrates.     

Optimization of ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFPEDA 1238 in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of delignified sugarcane bagasse

Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFPEDA1238 was performed in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of delignified sugarcane bagasse. Temperature (32 °C, 37 °C), agitation (80; 100 rpm), enzymatic load (20 FPU/g cellulose and 10%, v/v β-glucosidase or 10 FPU/g cellulose and 5% β-glucosidase) and composition of culture medium were evaluated. Ethanol concentration, enzymatic convertibility of cellulose and volumetric productivity were higher than 25 g/L, 72% and 0.70 g/L h, respectively, after 30 h, when the culture medium 1 and 20 FPU/g cellulose/10%, v/v β-glucosidase or the culture medium 2 and 10 FPU/g cellulose/5% β-glucosidase were used in SSF at 37 °C and 80 rpm. In the SSF with culture medium 2 (supplemented with ammonium, phosphate, potassium and magnesium), 150 L ethanol/t bagasse was achieved, with minimum enzyme loading (10 FPU/g cellulose and 5%, v/v β-glucosidase) for 8%, w/v of solids, which is often an important requirement to provide cost-efficient second generation ethanol processes.     

Effect of sourdough fermentation on the quality of Chinese Northern-style steamed breads

The effect of spontaneous and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation (Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (LS), Lactobacillus brevis (LBr) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus (LB) strains) on the specific volume, crumb texture, volatiles profile and other aspects of steamed bread quality were studied. The addition of sourdough starter significantly decreased dough water absorption, development time and stability while increasing steam bread specific volume. The fermentation with LAB starters reached the desired pH 4 five times faster than the spontaneous starters. Steamed bread leavened with LS and LB starters had the softest crumb texture whereas LP and LBr starters produced the lowest setback viscosity. From the total of 77 compounds identified in sourdough steamed bread, ethanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the most abundant. All sourdough steamed breads had 22 compounds in common, which represented about 90% of the total peak area. But unique volatile compounds were present in sourdough steamed bread with different starters.     

原料发酵程度及生化基质对茶饮料冷后浑稳定性的影响

将白叶单枞、金萱、鸠坑3个茶树品种鲜叶加工成不同发酵程度的茶原料,通过对其理化成分分析及感官审评,研究不同茶饮料的品质稳定性;深入探讨茶叶原料发酵程度及其生化基质对茶饮料冷后浑稳定性的影响。结果表明:不同品种茶叶原料制成的茶饮料因为生化基质的不同,茶汤冷藏后效果明显不同。透明度:金萱优于鸠坑;白叶单枞最差;絮状沉淀与茶汤的分界线不清晰,随着发酵程度的加重,沉淀物的量明显增加,其沉淀物颜色也逐渐变深。金萱原料制成的茶饮料中能看到明显的灰褐色沉淀和白色沉淀的分层。同一品种,随着发酵程度的增加,冷后浑固形物总量先增加后减少;同个品种的样品中,红茶工艺制作的全发酵茶叶饮料中沉淀物形成总量相对较少,说明红茶较适合于制作茶饮料。沉淀物中茶多酚含量平均为36.47%,说明茶多酚是沉淀物形成的主要控制因子之一;沉淀物中多酚含量不受茶叶中多酚含量的影响;随着茶叶原料发酵程度的加深,沉淀物中的多酚含量先增加后减少。而茶叶中EGC随着发酵程度的加深,其含量先增加后减少;所以EGC有可能是茶汤固形物形成量的主要决定因子。     

Potentials of biodegraded cashew pomace for cake baking

The use of biodegraded cashew pomace processed into flour for cake baking was investigated. The physico-chemical changes during the submerged fermentation of the pomace and the organoleptic qualities of the composite cake were also monitored. There was an increase of about 50% in protein content of the pomace after 96h of fermentation. However, a reduction of about 61% in the total microbial count after 24h was due to the toxic effect of the organic acids on the microbial cells during fermentation. The cashew flour had high crude fibre (ca. 20–33%) and carbohydrate (ca. 16–47%) values. The composite cake made from a 10:90 combination of 96h-degraded cashew flour/wheat flour respectively was the most accepted. The cake which had a specific volume of 0.53 ml/g lost 11.1% moisture when 38 g of its batter was exposed to 190°C for 10 minutes. This cake had a calorie value of 293.8/100 g and may be useful in feeding diabetic patients who require low carbohydrate foods.     

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)CS27液体发酵条件优化

从提高细胞生物量并降低发酵生产成本的目的出发,本文采用单因素试验和正交试验方法,对已筛选出的枯草芽孢杆菌CS27菌株进行液体发酵培养基和工艺条件优化。得到最佳培养基配方为:1.5%黄豆粉、0.5%糖蜜、0.8%氯化铵、1.0%氯化钠、0.1%柠檬酸钠、0.5%碳酸钙、0.1%七水合硫酸镁;最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度32℃,最佳装液量50 mL/250 mL,最适接种量10%,初始pH7.0。在优化后的培养基发酵条件下细胞生物量可以达到1.75×10~9 cfu/mL,为枯草芽孢杆菌CS27菌株规模化生产及应用提供科学依据。     

菠萝蜜果醋发酵工艺的优化及香气成分分析

为了提升菠萝蜜的产品附加值,进一步丰富市场中果醋种类,本研究以菠萝蜜为原料,对菠萝蜜果醋发酵工艺进行优化并分析其香气成分。通过单因素试验探讨醋酸菌接种量、发酵温度、乙醇体积分数、初始pH 4个因素对菠萝蜜果醋产酸量的影响,然后采用4因素3水平的响应面设计优化得到最佳发酵工艺。结果表明,菠萝蜜果醋的最佳发酵工艺条件为醋酸菌接种量11%、发酵温度32 ℃、乙醇体积分数5%、初始pH 3.3,在此条件下菠萝蜜果醋的醋酸含量达(44.20±0.41)g/L。采用顶空固相微萃取法（head space-solid phase microextraction, HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS）,对菠萝蜜果醋的香气成分进行分析,检测出香气成分67种,主要成分是乙酸（26.15%）、乙酸异戊酯（12.78%）、异戊醇（11.01%）、乙酸乙酯（10.99%）、苯乙醇（4.72%）、正癸酸（3.61%）、苯甲醛（3.34%）、乙酸苯乙酯（3.12%）、辛酸（3.08%）、异戊酸（1.31%）、月桂酸乙酯（1.07%）。通过菠萝蜜果醋发酵工艺的优化和香气成分分析,制备出符合相关国家标准和行业标准的新型果醋,初步探明了果醋中香气成分的种类。     

工夫红茶可视化富氧发酵机设计及试验研究

针对目前红茶发酵设备与发酵工艺结合不紧密而造成的发酵温湿度不稳定、难翻拌、缺氧、品质不稳定等问题,设计了一种工夫红茶可视化富氧发酵机。文章描述了机器的总体设计方案,并对发酵筒、翻拌装置和隧道加热等装置进行了设计,确定了其关键参数值。该研究进行了发酵性能试验,最佳工艺参数为发酵温度30℃、湿度大于90%、发酵时间3.5βh。与传统发酵相比,香气、滋味等有明显提高,感官品质总分高于传统发酵2.1分。本研制机型结构简单、操作方便,能很好地满足优质红茶的发酵工艺技术要求,具有很好的推广应用前景。