Survey of Fura production in some northern states of Nigeria

The objective of research was to conduct a survey related to the production process for fura. Fura is a staple food for the Fulanis and Hausas. The single most important cereal grain for fura production is millet. A significant difference exists among respondents on the variety of millet chosen for fura production. A significantly greater proportion (p=0.05) indicated that `gero' is the variety in common use. Spices are indispensable as an ingredient in fura production with ginger being the single most important spice (p=0.01). The traditional pounding method for processing millet into flour is still very much used. The implication of this is highlighted and a possible solution of optimizing fura production process is recommended. Strictly speaking, fura is distributed with a minimum of packaging. The choice of suitable package provided protection during a generally short shelf-life and for local distribution. With increasing influence of advertising upon customers, small food processing enterprises making fura will have to improve the packaging and preservation of their products if they are to survive the competition.     

Comparison of Methods for Rapid Analysis of Quercetin

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Quercetin is a polyphenol of growing interest that is present in many foods. In this study, we compared two methods for its determination in samples of drinks made...     

鲜食玉米—青贮玉米复种模式研究

针对一些地区种植作物一季有余、两季不足的自然资源情况,提出了一种新型种植模式。即上茬种植鲜食玉米,下茬种植以营养体为收获对象的青贮玉米。通过随机区组试验,筛选出垦粘1号为上茬鲜食玉米首选品种,郑单958为下茬青贮玉米首选品种。两茬可获得鲜穗16.34 t/hm²,鲜秸秆103.3 t/hm²。这种复种模式有利于解决畜牧业发展带来的饲草短缺的现实难题,是适应当前农业产前结构调整的有益探索。     

利用GUS基因的瞬时表达优化大豆根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化

高转化效率是分子育种的重要前提,根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化由于其有较高的遗传效率和较低的拷贝数成为目前优选方法。为优化大豆遗传转化体系,以本实验室已有转化体系为基础,利用pCAMBIA3301中35S∶GUS基因瞬时表达体系,从萌发时间、切豆方法、侵染时间、共培养方式以及共培养时间等方面对东农47、垦农18和B12088大豆栽培品种的遗传转化体系进行优化。结果表明:东农47萌发1 d,侵染30 min;垦农18和B12088萌发12 h,侵染30 min,GUS基因瞬时表达率最高。在其它的处理上,3个品种表现结果一致,即蘸取菌液切豆,共培养中子叶伤口朝下摆放,黑暗条件下共培养3～5 d,GUS基因瞬时表达最高。3个品种在最适条件下,GUS染色效率均达到90%以上,垦农18遗传转化效率较高。本研究为大豆农杆菌介导子叶节转化方法提供了一个改进的方案,并且为拓宽可利用于大豆遗传转化的种质资源奠定基础。     

棕榈油生物柴油加工技术研究进展

棕榈油是世界上最经济的植物油,与其他油料作物相比,油棕果及油的产量均最高,棕榈油作为生物质能源的原料越来越被重视,成为生产生物柴油最有竞争力的原料.目前.世界各国对棕榈油生物柴油的高效加工技术均展开了广泛的研究.本文介绍了国内外棕榈油生物柴油的加工技术,包括化学法、酶法、多相固体催化法及其他一些方法.     

Interface biology of implants

To successfully apply implant materials for regenerative processes in the body, understanding the mechanisms at the interface between cells or tissues and the artificial material is of critical importance. This topic is becoming increasing relevant for clinical applications. For the fourth time, around 200 scientists met in Rostock, Germany for the international symposium "Interface Biology of Implants". The aim of the symposium is to promote interdisciplinary dialogue between scientists from different disciplines. The symposium also emphasizes the need of this applied scientific field for permanent input from basic sciences.     

Analysis of series of variety trials with perennial crops

Field trials with perennial crops give rise to repeated measurements taken on the same plot on several occasions. It is important to account for serial correlation among repeated measurements in such trials. This study illustrates the use of mixed models for this purpose. We consider the analysis of trials conducted at several locations and the combination of trials with different starting years. A key issue in the analysis is the distinction between effects of calendar years, which are associated with external environmental variation, and harvest years, which represent internal yield formation processes of the perennial crop. Two methods of two‐stage analysis are compared with single‐stage analysis. It is shown that results of two‐stage analysis are very similar to those of single‐stage analysis, if serial correlation is properly taken into account. Program code for the MIXED procedure of the SAS system is given in an Appendix S1 for all considered cases.     

The Relevance of Rice

Research into rice—the world’s most important food crop—is crucial for the development of technologies that will increase productivity for farmers who rely on rice for their livelihood. This is particularly the case throughout the developing countries of Asia and is also true for much of Latin America and, increasingly, Africa. The benefits of such increased productivity will flow through to rice-growing countries’ landless rural and urban poor, all of whom (1) are net consumers of rice and (2) spend a large proportion of their income on rice. Recent steep rises in the price of rice have amplified the need for investment in high-quality research targeted toward both the intensive irrigated rice-based systems (in which 75% of the world’s rice is grown and that must provide the rice for rapidly increasing urban populations) and the rainfed rice-based systems (many of which are characterized by unfavorable environments and extreme poverty).     

Three dimensional FEM simulation for spinning of non-circular fibers

A finite element method is employed for a flow analysis of the melt spinning process of a non-circular fiber, a PET(polyethylene terephthalate) filament. The flow field is divided into two regions of die channel and spin-line. A two dimensional analysis is used for the flow within the die channel and a three dimensional analysis for the flow along the spin-line. The Newtonian fluid is assumed for the PET melt and material properties are considered to be constant except for the viscosity. Effects of gravitation, air drag force, and surface tension are neglected. Although the spin-line length is 4.5 m, only five millimeters from the spinneret are evaluated as the domain of the analysis. Isothermal and non-isothermal cases are studied for the flow within the die channel. The relationship between the mass flow rate and the pressure gradient is presented for the two cases. Three dimensional flow along the spin-line is obtained by assuming isothermal conditions. It is shown that changes in velocity and cross-sectional shape occur mostly in the region of 1mm from the die exit.     

大麻化学成分研究进展与开发我国大麻资源的探讨

大麻是一种多用途的古老栽培作物，其纤维是上等的纺织和造纸原料，其种子中富含矿物质、氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸等多种营养成分。但大麻中含有一种致幻化学成分THC，严重影响了大麻的开发和利用。本文就大麻化学成分的主要类型及其合成途径与遗传机理的研究进展作了较详细的阐述，说明了大麻化学成分，特别是CBD/THC遗传稳定的特性，并就我国大麻资源的研究与开发提出了自己的设想。     

离体培养技术在甜菜远缘杂交育种中的应用

本文报导了离体培养技术在甜菜远缘杂交育种中的应用，探讨了影响离体再生植株诱导率的主要因素，包括外植体、培养基和杂交方式等。试验结果表明：外植体再生植株诱导率以远缘杂交胚（９５．８％）为最高，其次是生长点（６０．５％）、腋芽（５７．６％）、未授粉胚珠（４．７％）；４种培养基的再生植株诱导频率在６０％～９８％之间，其中珠３诱导率最高；杂交方式以正交（野生种×栽培种）远缘杂交胚的再生植株诱导率为最高，达９６％。不同来源试管苗的移栽成活率为５８．８％～８６．４％，不同来源再生植株性状存在明显差异。离体培养技术是快速提供甜菜育种素材的有效方法之一。     

甘蔗转基因改良及转基因检测机构的角色

我国甘蔗转基因研究取得了长足进展，现对我国甘蔗转基因研究实践中使用的改良方法进行回顾总结，并结合国际甘蔗转基因研究的现状指出未来甘蔗转基因研究的发展方向。针对转基因研究的高度社会敏感性，阐述法定转基因检测机构对保护和促进我国甘蔗转基因研究健康发展将起到的重要作用。     

水稻旱直播氮肥基追比例试验总结

通过水稻旱直播氮肥的基追比例试验研究,结果表明,在肥力水平同等下,全生育期施P2O54 kg/667 m2、K2O 2kg/667 m2,全部一次性基施,氮肥基施65%、追施35%和氮肥基施35%、追施65%为宜,产量分别达到681 kg/667 m2和731 kg/667 m2,试验有待于进一步验证。     

10份菠萝种质资源的描述和评价

对收集的10份菠萝种质资源植株的芽、叶片及其果实性状进行描述和评价.结果表明:徐台品种的可溶性固彤物含量最高,其余指标接近于巴厘品种但无刺,是巴厘品种较好的一个替代品种;上海2号品种果型端正,果肉橙黄色,品质中上,Vc含量高,是较好的鲜食和加工皆宜品种;ST品种风味好,口感好,是一个优良的鲜食品种.     

稻米品质遗传分析研究现状

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物之一,近65%的人口以稻米为主食。随着人们生活水平不断提高,对稻米品质的要求日趋提升,改善稻米品质尤为迫切。因此,优质水稻品种选育成为水稻育种研究的重要课题。本文对稻米外观品质、加工品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质等性状的QTL定位、克隆和功能研究进行了概述,以期为稻米品质改良育种提供参考依据。     

Modeling of anisotropic creep behavior of coated textile membranes

The present study aims at characterizing and modeling the anisotropic creep behavior of coated textile membrane, a class of flexible textile composites that are used for moderate span enclosures (roofs and air-halls). The objective is to develop a creep model for predicting the lifetime of coated textile membrane. Uniaxial creep tests were conducted on three off-axis coupon specimens to obtain the directional creep compliance. A potential with three parameters is shown to be adequate for modeling the anisotropic creep behavior of coated textile membrane. Furthermore, a possibility of predicting the creep deformation of coated textile membrane in a multi-axial stress state is discussed using the three-parameter potential.     

糯玉米自交系、杂交种棒三叶与产量之间相关性分析

通过对15个稳定的糯玉米自交系和所组配的杂交组合棒三叶性状、叶面积及单株产量调查,相关性分析,结果表明:糯玉米无论是自交系还是杂交种,棒三叶中下位叶最长、上位叶最宽,棒三叶叶面积大小差异不大.亲本与杂交组合棒三叶叶面积显著相关,相关系数r♀=0.988^**r♂=0.990^**;杂交组合棒三叶叶面积与单株产量极显著相关,相关系数r=0.996^**;6对正反交组合中,母本棒三叶叶面积大的杂交组合棒三叶叶面积大,产量高;反交杂交组合棒三叶叶面积偏小,产量偏低.在组配组合时,棒三叶叶面积大的作母本,有利于高产.     

水稻科学数据平台的创建及应用

国家水稻数据中心(http://www.ricedata.cn)是一个以水稻为研究对象,融贯多学科的综合性数据平台。它创建了中国水稻品种及其系谱数据库,构建大品种指纹数据集和优异种质数据集,开发“系谱树”和骨干亲本算法;创建了水稻功能基因数据库,以文献析出的方式整合国内外报道的水稻功能基因,开发基于浏览器的遗传图谱生成程序和基因结构图生成程序,构建重要功能基因的分子标记数据集和育种上有利基因的整合数据集;自主开发了用于知识管理的本体系统,开创性地将此系统应用于水稻功能基因数据库和参考文献数据库的管理。平台致力于在生物数据与育种需求之间架起一座桥梁,目前已得到广泛应用,在国内产生重要影响。     

Effects of Popping on Nutrient Contents of Amaranth Seed

Amaranth seeds can be popped by heating. The traditional method of popping in a skillet is simple, but it is difficult to control the heating time and temperature. To overcome these disadvantages, we developed a fluidized bed continuous processing system based on hot air heating for producing popped amaranth seeds in bulk. Using this system, we evaluated the effects of heat treatment at 260 °C for 15 s on the contents of B-group vitamins and essential and trace elements in amaranth seeds. The results showed that the treatment did not affect the content of B-group vitamins, and the recovery for essential and trace elements was 97–196 %. This popping system is useful for processing amaranth seeds in terms of the product quality and nutrition.     

玉米高配合力亲本自交系、杂交种棒三叶的性状分析及叶面积的相关性研究

通过对15个高配合力亲本自交系及其组配的8个杂交种棒三叶有关性状及相关性的研究,揭示优良自交系的特征,探索亲本的搭配,予测杂种优势的大小。初步探明,自交系棒三叶中以穗位叶最长,上位叶最宽。棒三叶各叶面积大小差异不大,都起着同等重要的作用。父本的叶面积对杂交种叶面积大小的贡献较大,杂交种棒三叶叶面积和与杂交种单株产量成正相关。