儿茶素对高脂饮食小鼠减肥作用及肠道菌群的影响

为探究儿茶素对高脂饮食小鼠减肥作用及肠道菌群的影响，将小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、儿茶素组（0.06%儿茶素+高脂饲料），各组连续喂养28周，记录小鼠体质量和摄食量，计算肝脏系数、体脂比和Lee’s指数，检测血脂指标，并采用HE染色观察小鼠肝脏病理变化，实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠肠道菌群的相对表达量。研究结果显示，与对照组相比，模型组小鼠体质量、肝脏系数、体脂比和Lee’s指数明显增加，血脂指标总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）水平明显高于对照组，高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）水平明显降低（P<0.05）；与模型组相比，儿茶素组小鼠体质量、肝脏系数及Lee’s指数明显降低，血脂指标TG和LDL-C水平明显降低、HDL-C水平显著增加（P<0.05）。肝组织病理结果显示，儿茶素组小鼠与模型组相比能明显改善肝组织病变程度，减少肝损伤；肠道菌群结果显示，儿茶素组小鼠拟杆菌相对表达量明显高于模型组（P<0.05）。研究结果表明，儿茶素可显著减少小鼠摄食量、降低体质量、调节血脂水平、改善肝组织病变和肠道菌群紊乱，对于高脂饮食小鼠具有较好的减肥作用。     

四川崇州枇杷茶野生大茶树生化成分及制茶品质初探

通过调查四川崇州枇杷茶野生大茶树的资源现状,根据植物学特征,从中选取具代表性的茶树初分为6种不同类型（依次编号为A类、B类、C类、D类、E类、F类）,测试了其主要生化成分含量,评审了所制红、绿茶样的制茶品质。结果表明,不同类型枇杷茶树游离氨基酸总量为（2.46±0.07）%~（5.69±0.10）%,茶多酚含量为（21.67±0.40）%~（37.16±0.99）%,咖啡碱含量为（4.01±0.18）%~（4.88±0.03）%,水浸出物含量为（33.31±2.49）%~（47.28±1.35）%,儿茶素总量为（77.08±1.18）~（236.47±29.59）mg/g,因此,部分材料可以作为选育高儿茶素、高咖啡碱等特异成分的育种材料。以咖啡碱、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯作为影响红碎茶品质的第一、二、三主成分或综合因子,结合主要生化成分含量、酚/氨值及感官审评结果可推论,E类适制红茶,F类制绿茶品质最优。从茶氨酸及苯丙氨酸的含量比例、儿茶素组分及总量等可推论,6类供试枇杷茶树中,E类茶树进化程度最高,接近栽培型。     

红茶对高脂饮食小鼠血脂的调节作用研究

采用脂代谢紊乱模型法—预防性给予不同地区不同剂量的红茶（剂量为成人每日饮用量的5倍、10倍和20倍3种）,观察小鼠体重、血脂、相关酶及肝脏形态的变化。结果表明：与高脂模型对照组相比,红茶剂量组能极显著（P<0.01）降低血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、肝脏丙二醛（MDA）、肝脏指数;极显著（P<0.01）升高血清载脂蛋白A₁（apoA₁）、脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）、肝脂酶（HL）、总脂酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）,血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）有所上升,小鼠体重也得到了一定的抑制,肝脏病变程度得到了相应的减轻,说明红茶具有一定的调节血脂及减小肝脏因高脂饮食所带来的损伤。     

广东苦茶资源嘌呤生物碱含量分析与评价

以13份广东省境内收集的苦茶资源为研究对象,来自不同省份的28份代表性品种（系）为对照,分析苦茶资源中嘌呤生物碱含量特征。结果显示,咖啡碱、可可碱、苦茶碱及生物碱总量均表现出较大的遗传差异,遗传多样性指数（H′）为0.78~1.94,变异系数（CV）为34.89%~191.19%。系统聚类分析将试验材料分为6个类群,类群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ主要为常规品种（系）,咖啡碱是其优势嘌呤碱;类群Ⅴ为低咖啡碱的南昆山毛叶茶;类群Ⅳ、Ⅵ全部为苦茶资源,苦茶碱含量较高。通过综合评价,从苦茶资源中筛选出生物碱含量特异的育种材料10份。此外,不同叶位含量分析表明,苦茶中苦茶碱随叶片成熟度增加呈缓慢降低趋势,至成熟叶期仍维持较高水平。研究结果为今后嘌呤生物碱含量特异的功能性苦茶品种培育及开发利用提供了依据。     

脂质体儿茶素在家兔体内的生物利用度与药物动力学

取健康家兔10只,随机分为2组,单剂量静注和灌服脂质体儿茶素（Catechin Liposome）25mg/kg。用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中儿茶素原药质量浓度。房室模型分析表明：健康家兔静注儿茶素脂质体的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型,主要药物动力学参数为：t_1/2α0.18±0.01βh,t_1/2β1.52±0.08βh,V_d4.48±0.24L,Cl_B2.05±0.07L/h,AUC29.20±1.00βmg/（L.h）,K₁₀1.64±0.19h^–1,K₂₁1.08±0.06h^–1,K₁₂1.61±0.19h^–1。健康家兔灌服脂质体儿茶素的药时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要药物动力学参数为：t_1/2k_a 0.27±0.03βh,t_1/2k_e 1.72±0.04βh,t_max0.87±0.05βh,C_max6.53±0.62βmg/L,AUC 25.90±1.34βmg/（L.h）,F 88.60±5.73%。脂质体儿茶素在健康家兔体内的药动学特征是：吸收迅速,达峰时间较短,消除慢,半衰期延长,表现分布容积大,口服生物利用度高。结果表明：儿茶素经脂质体包封后,药物动力学及组织分布均发生了明显改变。     

青砖茶特色中药茶饮的减肥作用研究

分别将2022年青砖茶、2012年青砖茶、决明子、荷叶、绞股蓝和茯苓以研磨打粉机磨成粉末，按青砖茶、决明子、荷叶、绞股蓝、茯苓的质量比3∶2∶2∶1∶2混匀，制作成青砖茶特色中药茶饮配方粉末。取48只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、肥胖组、新茶组（2022年青砖茶）、陈茶组（2012年青砖茶），每组12只。除空白组外，其余各组采用高脂饲料喂养17周建立肥胖模型，从第6周开始，新茶组和陈茶组分别开始灌胃新、陈青砖茶特色中药茶饮。17周后，计算小鼠身长体重，心脏取血，解剖称取小鼠肝脏，检测小鼠肝脏TC、TG、HDL、LDL水平和血清TC、TG水平，采用HE染色和油红O病理切片染色观察肝组织病理学变化。结果显示，与肥胖组相比，新茶组和陈茶组的体重、Lee’s指数、总胆固醇、总甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显下降（p <0.05），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量明显上升（p <0.05），氧化应激指标8-OH-dG、MDA和ROS含量均明显下降（p <0.05），炎症因子IL-6和IL-1β含量明显下降（p <0.05）。与新茶组对比，陈茶组的减肥效果更加明显。试验结果...     

不同剂型儿茶素对小鼠血清脂质水平的影响

本文探讨了不同剂型儿茶素经不同给予途径对高脂血症小鼠血清脂质水平的影响。结果表明:将儿茶素制成微型胶囊剂型,即经高分子胶体化合物包封后,降低TG、TC、LDL-C和升高HDL-C的作用明显优于游离型儿茶素(P<0.05),静脉注射效果优于口服(P<0.05)。     

儿茶素单体对小鼠急性高尿酸血症的作用

通过腹腔注射300 mg·kg-1氧嗪酸钾盐建立小鼠急性高尿酸血症模型,观察儿茶素单体对模型小鼠血清尿酸水平的影响;进一步进行血清、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性实验和体外XOD抑制试验。结果显示,表儿茶素(EC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)和表没食子儿茶素(EGC)的灌胃剂量均为600 mg·kg-1时,在体内具有极显著降尿酸的作用,与模型对照组相比分别下降了23%(P0.001)、35%(P0.001)和37%(P0.001);ECG可降低小鼠血清和肝脏XOD活性,分别降低了31%(P0.01)和32%(P0.05);在体外ECG和EGCG具有抑制XOD活性的作用。因此,EC、ECG和EGC具有降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平的作用,其中ECG的降尿酸效果与抑制小鼠体内XOD活性有关。     

茯砖茶降脂功能成分研究

将现代分离技术与高通量药物筛选技术相结合,从茯砖茶中分离得到6个单体化合物,红外、紫外、质谱、核磁共振鉴定其结构分别为：没食子酸（GA）、没食子儿茶素（GC）、3-甲氧基-4,5-二羟基苯甲酸（MDBA）、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸（DBA）、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）及表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ECG）。选择FXR、LXR、PPARδ、PPARγ及3T3-L1细胞模型研究,结果表明,添加质量浓度为50µg/mL时,GA和ECG对FXR模型的激活值分别达1.77±0.14和3.22±0.06;EGCG的激活倍数高达6.00±0.45。添加质量浓度为30µg/mL时,GC对PPARγ模型的激活倍数为1.62±0.16;3-甲氧基-4,5-二羟基苯甲酸（MDBA）对PPARγ模型的激活倍数达1.73±0.16;各化合物对3T3-L1模型作用不明显。     

普洱茶多糖降血脂功能的量效关系

研究结果表明,与高脂对照组比较,低剂量茶多糖组(3组)小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平及AI值没有显著差异。而中、高剂量组(4、5组)小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平分别下降了40.60%、25.36%、24.38%;40.02%、26.68%、33.59%。同时,HDL-C水平分别提高了73.44%、82.81%。但中、高两个剂量组之间没有明显差异。表明茶多糖抑制高脂饮食小鼠血脂升高可能存在量效关系。     

湖北青砖茶辅助降血脂作用及其抗氧化效果

探讨了湖北青砖茶对高血脂症大鼠的降血脂效果,并与绿茶进行了比较。结果表明：与模型组比较,贮藏1年和10年的青砖茶、血脂康、绿茶都能极显著降低大鼠体重及血清TC、TG和MDA含量,提高血清HDL-C含量和血清SOD、GSH-PX活性,降血脂效果明显。其中,青砖茶降脂效果优于血脂康和绿茶,10年青砖茶优于1年青砖茶,1年青砖茶各剂量的降脂效果具有剂量依赖关系,随喂饲剂量的增加,降脂效果提高。肝脏病理学观察表明,各受试药物组大鼠肝细胞变性、肿胀的程度减轻,以1年青砖高剂量组及10年青砖剂量组大鼠肝脏保护最好,说明青砖茶能有效降低大鼠血脂,增强机体抗氧化能力,减轻高脂对肝细胞的损伤作用。     

Effect of Quercus infectoria and Rosa damascena on lipid profile and atherosclerotic plaque formation in rabbit model of hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is the cause of many complications in the human societies. In this study, the effect of methanol extracts of Quercus infectoria (QI) galls and Rosa damascena (RD) Mill flower were studied on lipid profile and atherosclerotic plaques formation in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Thirty-six New Zeland white rabbits randomly divided into 6 groups as control (I), hyperlipidemic (II), hyperlipidemic+QI (III), hyperlipidemic+RD (IV), +Atorvastolin (V) and hyperlipidemic+Orlistat (VI) and were fed with high fat diet (0.5% cholesterol and 16% hydrogenated vegetable oil) for 45 days. At the end of the study period, lipid profile and plaque formation were assessed. Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic group compared with control group (p < 0.001). Methanol extract consumption of Quercus infectoria significantly decreased plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL (p < 0.001). It also decreased plaques formation in semi lunar valve and thoracic aorta. Rosa damascena mill flower methanol extract moderately decreased the levels of TC, TG, LDL and plaques formation but it was not significant. HDL levels and weight of animals did not show significant difference among groups. Based on the doses used in this study, our finding indicated that QI but no RD methanol extract has anti atherogenic and hypolipidemic activities.     

藤茶总黄酮及二氢杨梅素降血脂作用研究

本文探讨了藤茶中主要活性成分黄酮及二氢杨梅素对高血脂症小鼠的降血脂效果。结果表明:与高脂模型组比较,二氢杨梅素对高脂血症小鼠体重有明显减轻作用;黄酮及二氢杨梅素都能不同程度降低小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA含量,提高血清HDL-C含量及SOD活性,降低肝系数。肝脏病理学观察表明,喂饲藤茶黄酮及二氢杨梅素组小鼠肝细胞变性、肿胀的程度减轻。说明藤茶黄酮及二氢杨梅素能降低小鼠血脂,增强机体抗氧化能力,减轻高脂对肝细胞的损伤作用。     

Moderate quantity of lard mixed with sunflower oil attenuate lipid accumulation in mice

Lard, a fat rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), is regarded as a risk factor for metabolic diseases. In the present study, effect of different lard blended with sunflower oil diets on lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and serum by mouse model was researched. Body weight, body fat percentage, cross-sectional area of adipocytes, liver triglycerides (TGs), and oil red stained area in mice liver of lard blend sunflower oil (L-SFO) group were significantly lower than those of sunflower oil (SFO) group, whereas no significant differences were observed between mice of lard and L-SFO groups. Serum TG and free fatty acid levels were significantly lower in L-SFO group than in other two groups. Furthermore, data showed that sunflower oil decreased contents of hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) and increased fatty acid synthase activity in liver tissue. A mixture of lard and sunflower oil rather than only sunflower oil or lard might promote body fat loss and reduce lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, serum, and liver by promoting hydrolysis of TG, increasing β-oxidation of fatty acids. These data suggested that mixing lard and vegetable oil (e.g. sunflower oil) for cooking, or alternate using lard and vegetable oil could be beneficial for reducing body fat.     

Hypolipidaemic effects of Ballota undulata in rabbits

The aim of to study the effect of Ballota undulata (70% EtOH) extract on lipid profile on Rabbits. The plant extract was orally administered to the atherogenic rabbits (atherogenic diet + cholesterol powder supplement 400 mg/kg/body weight/day dissolved in 5 mL coconut oil) at dose of 1.2 g kg(-1) body weight/day. During the overall period of the experiment blood was collected and serum was analyzed for lipid profile. Animals were sacrificed; the heart and the liver were collected and kept at -20 degrees C until assayed. Biochemical analysis of blood serum and tissue (liver and heart muscle) level were made for cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. In addition blood serum was analyzed further for HDL-Cholesterol. All the results were statistically analyzed using students t-test. Hypolipidaemic nature of Ballota undulata (70% EtOH) extract was studied in hyperlipidaemic Rabbits. The increased cholesterol levels were brought to normal by administration of Ballota undulata. Serum cholesterol levels dropped from 940.7 to 230.41 (75.55%) and further to 119.2 (87.32%) by the end of the experiment. Similarly, phospholipids and triglycerides levels were observed to be also reduced. The tissues lipids profiles of liver and heart muscle showed similar changes in those noticed in serum lipids. Ballota undulata possesses active hypolipidaemic constituents.     

Long-Term Feeding of Chitosan Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a High-Fructose-Diet-Impaired Rat Model of Glucose Tolerance

This study was designed to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of chitosan on plasma glucose and lipids in rats fed a high-fructose (HF) diet (63.1%). Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks were used as experimental animals. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) normal group (normal); (2) HF group; (3) chitosan + HF group (HF + C). The rats were fed the experimental diets and drinking water ad libitum for 21 weeks. The results showed that chitosan (average molecular weight was about 3.8 × 10⁵ Dalton and degree of deacetylation was about 89.8%) significantly decreased body weight, paraepididymal fat mass, and retroperitoneal fat mass weight, but elevated the lipolysis rate in retroperitoneal fats of HF diet-fed rats. Supplementation of chitosan causes a decrease in plasma insulin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, and leptin, and an increase in plasma adiponectin. The HF diet increased hepatic lipids. However, intake of chitosan reduced the accumulation of hepatic lipids, including total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents. In addition, chitosan elevated the excretion of fecal lipids in HF diet-fed rats. Furthermore, chitosan significantly decreased plasma TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), the TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, and increased the HDL-C/(LDL-C + VLDL-C) ratio, but elevated the plasma TG and free fatty acids concentrations in HF diet-fed rats. Plasma angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) protein expression was not affected by the HF diet, but it was significantly increased in chitosan-supplemented, HF-diet-fed rats. The high-fructose diet induced an increase in plasma glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, but chitosan supplementation decreased plasma glucose and improved impairment of glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Taken together, these results indicate that supplementation with chitosan can improve the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in a HF-diet-fed rat model.     

茶叶中EGCG对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠的调脂保肝作用研究

非酒精性脂肪肝是以肝实质细胞发生脂肪堆积和脂肪变性为主要特征,并伴随机体脂质代谢紊乱的一种获得性代谢疾病。以高脂饲料喂养大鼠,建立非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠模型;以低、中、高剂量（10、50、100 mg·kg^-1）表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）分别灌胃模型大鼠,探讨茶叶中EGCG对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠的调脂保肝作用。结果表明,与模型组相比,EGCG能显著降低血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）含量,降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性水平,提高高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）的含量,改善大鼠肝脏氧化应激状态。此外,肝脏病理切片显示,EGCG能减少肝细胞中脂滴的形成,同时脂质代谢相关基因表达量分析显示,EGCG能调理肝脏的脂质代谢。综合以上实验结果表明,EGCG能显著改善非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠的脂质代谢紊乱和脂肪性肝损伤。     

Lipid profile of rats fed blends of rice bran oil in combination with sunflower and safflower oil

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of blended oils, i.e., polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich vegetable oils like safflower oil (SFO) and sunflower oil (SNO) with the unconventional and hypocholesterolemic rice bran oil (RBO) on the serum lipid profile of rats. Rats fed RBO + SNO/SFO at 70:30 ratio for a period of 28 days showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in animals fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) and cholesterol free diet (CFD). Liver total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were also reduced. Fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids was increased with use of RBO blends. RBO, which is rich in tocopherols and tocotrienols, may improve the oxidative stability of the blends. Tocotrienols are known to inhibit 3-hydroxy, 3-methyl, glutaryl CoA (HMG-COA) reductase (rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis), resulting in hypocholesterolemia. In addition to improving the lipid profile by lowering TC, TG and LDL-C and increasing HDL-C, blending of RBO with other oils can result in an economic advantage of lower prices.     

茶多酚改善胰岛素抵抗的初步研究

研究了茶多酚（Tea Polyphenols,TP）降低肝脏中甘油三酯（Triglyceride, TG）含量从而对2型糖尿病性脂肪肝模型大鼠胰岛素抵抗的改善作用。健康SD大鼠分为6组：健康组、模型组、TP组、二甲双胍组、FL组和FL+TP组。所有大鼠在实验结束时测量体重、血清甘油三酯、肝脏中甘油三酯、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素等指标。TP组和二甲双胍组较模型组空腹血糖、血清胰岛素含量和胰岛素敏感指数下降;FL+TP组、TP组较FL组、模型组肝脏中甘油三酯含量下降。茶多酚可显著降低肝脏中的甘油三酯含量,调节脂代谢紊乱并改善胰岛素抵抗。