抗虫抗除草剂转基因水稻恢复系B2A68的培育

利用人工优化合成的抗虫基因Cry2Aa#与抗除草剂的Bar基因构建的植物表达载体转化水稻恢复系D68,经过分子鉴定获得1个单拷贝的转基因水稻株系B2A68。B2A68和杂交种株1S/B2A68叶片中Cry2Aa蛋白的表达量在齐穗期分别为10.45～26.84和9.0～13.45μg/g。草铵膦抗性试验和抗虫性测定结果显示,转基因水稻B2A68既抗除草剂草铵膦,又抗稻纵卷叶螟。     

转Cry30Fa1基因抗褐飞虱水稻的获得及鉴定

将编码高效杀褐飞虱蛋白的苏云金芽胞杆菌基因Cry30Fa1密码子改造后,通过农杆菌介导法转入蜀恢818(R818),并最终获得46个转基因植株。通过定量PCR及Western Blot鉴定了Cry30Fa1在转录水平和蛋白水平的表达,并通过分子检测固定稳定表达的抗性基因,并结合传统育种系谱法选择具有优良农艺性状株系。对选育的株系在室内和大田环境下进行了抗虫性鉴定,选育的R818-Cry30Fal株系抗性明显优于亲本材料并达到抗的水平;在单株抗虫试验中,观察到了转基因株系对褐飞虱具有致死作用。说明转入Cry30Fa1基因使水稻产生了对褐飞虱抗性。培育出了具有抗褐飞虱蛋白的新型恢复系R818-Cry30Fal,为三系杂交育种提供了新的抗性材料并丰富了抗褐飞虱水稻种质资源。     

启动子陷阱技术在橡胶树中的应用研究

启动子陷阱技术是克隆未知基因启动子的有效途径。首先用反向无启动子的GUSA替换pCAMBIA-2301载体上的GUSA及启动子序列，构建橡胶树启动子陷阱载体pCAMBIA2301：GUS-NOS，然后转化橡胶树。结果表明：获得了GUS染色阳性胚状体6个，再生后获得2个转基因株系。其中1个株系在胚状体、叶片和根中能检测到GUS基因的强烈表达，另1个株系仅在根中检测到微弱的GUS基因表达，说明获得的转基因植株为不同启动子启动GUS基因的株系。因此通过橡胶树启动子陷阱载体的构建及其在橡胶树中的表达，能够发现和克隆橡胶树内源基因的启动子。     

叶肉细胞特异表达焦磷酸化酶基因OsIP1在不同源库类型水稻品种中的效应

 将水稻自身焦磷酸化酶基因OsIP1置于叶肉细胞特异表达启动子下,利用农杆菌介导法将嵌合基因cyFBPase:OsIP1分别导入“源限制型” 水稻品种中超123和“库限制型” 品种农垦57。 根据荧光定量PCR结果和农艺性状,筛选高表达且农艺性状没有明显改变的T2转基因纯合株系,用以检测和分析在水稻叶肉细胞中特异性过表达水稻焦磷酸化酶基因的效应。初步的研究结果显示：1）在营养生长期,转基因株系的最高茎蘖数和穗数比各受体亲本均有不同程度的提高,尤其是在分蘖性较强的品种上;2）在籽粒灌浆结实期,叶片、叶鞘中可溶性总糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量在整个灌浆期的变化趋势与对照相似,且多数转基因植株叶片和叶鞘中的蔗糖含量（除了灌浆高峰期时的叶鞘）均显著高于对照;3）转基因株系单株干物质量较野生型对照有显著提高。单株产量呈现不同程度的增加,其中“源限制型”品种中超123转基因株系单株产量较对照增幅达显著水平。     

转TPSP融合基因小麦植株的获得及抗旱性初步鉴定

为了培育抗旱小麦新材料,在构建舍大肠杆茵海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因(otsA)和海藻糖-6磷酸磷酸酯酶基因(otsB)融合基因TPSP的表达栽体pBS-ATPSP的基础上.利用花粉管通道法对小麦品种豫麦34和豫麦18进行了遗传转化.两个品种共处理2 495朵小花,获得T0代种子1 611粒.两个品种分别获得T1代小麦植株857和659株,经PCR鉴定转基因植株分别为11株和7株.通过半定量RT-PCR技术对4个T2代转基因株系中融合基因TPSP的表达分析显示,3个株系中TPSP基因受水分胁迫而诱导表达,其中2个株系在温室进行的干旱胁迫鉴定中表现出较强的抗旱能力.     

转即SP融合基因小麦植株的获得及抗旱性初步鉴定

为了培育抗旱小麦新材料,在构建含大肠杆菌海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因（otsA）和海藻糖-6磷酸磷酸酯酶基因（otsB）融合基因TPSP的表达载体pBS-ATPSP的基础上,利用花粉管通道法对小麦品种豫麦34和豫麦18进行了遗传转化。两个品种共处理2495朵小花,获得T0代种子1611粒。两个品种分别获得T1代小麦植株857和659株,经PCR鉴定转基因植株分别为11株和7株。通过半定量RT—PCR技术对4个T2代转基因株系中融合基因TPSP的表达分析显示,3个株系中TPSP基因受水分胁迫而诱导表达,其中2个株系在温室进行的干旱胁迫鉴定中表现出较强的抗旱能力。     

转基因水稻中重组植酸酶的表达

为通过在转基因植株中表达植酸酶降解植酸来提高水稻中无机磷利用率,构建了由玉米泛素基因Ubi启动子控制的植酸酶基因植物表达载体,并以来源于水稻未成熟胚的愈伤组织作为转化受体,经农杆菌介导法将植酸酶基因导入水稻中,共获得15个独立的转基因株系。对转基因水稻总DNA的PCR和Southern 杂交分析证明目的基因已整合入转基因水稻植株基因组中,并能稳定遗传。对部分转基因水稻未成熟种子总RNA进行RT PCR分析,表明导入的植酸酶基因能够在转基因水稻种子中正常表达。无机磷含量分析表明含目的基因的转基因水稻种子及其后代叶片中的无机磷含量较未转化植株均有了明显的提高。     

转Bar基因抗除草剂稻谷喂养小鼠的食用安全性评价

以转Bar基因抗除草剂水稻品种Bar 68 -1及其受体品种D68(CK)为材料,将其稻谷配制饲料后饲喂体重在18～24 g的SPF级昆明小鼠,喂养90 d后分别检测小鼠腿肌、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、小肠中是否含有Bar基因片段及其表达蛋白磷丝菌素乙酰转移酶(PAT),同时检测了小鼠消化道内外源蛋白的消化降解和小肠线粒体基因组(mtDNA)的突变情况.结果表明:饲喂转Bar基因稻谷的实验组小鼠各脏器组织中没有检测到Bar基因片段和其表达的PAT蛋白;外源蛋白PAT在小鼠胃肠道内无耐受性,能够被机体完全消化;小鼠小肠mtDNA的测序结果无异常,没有发现突变位点.说明转基因成分没有在小鼠体内残留或发生转移,也没有导致小鼠肠道基因突变.     

水稻隐花色素基因Cry1a/Cry2/Cry1bRNAi表达载体构建及遗传转化研究

构建一个包含3个水稻隐花色素基因片段的RNAi表达载体pSC 1301-347-Cry1aCry2Cry1b并转化水稻,以期导致Cry1a、Cry1b与Cry2集体沉默,观察它们对水稻重要农艺性状的影响.结果表明,转基因水稻开花期显著延迟,结实率骤降,株高增加,剑叶变短,谷粒变长、变宽；而剑叶宽、穗长与对照无显著差异.     

转铁蛋白基因增强水稻对氧化胁迫与稻瘟病菌的抗性

对转豌豆铁蛋白（pea ferritin,Fer）基因水稻T1代的53个株系进行PCR检测,52个株系能扩增出阳性PCR产物。通过测定光合作用过程中最大光化学通量（Fv/Fm值）分析了由百草枯处理引起的T1代水稻叶片的氧化损害。与未转基因水稻相比,转Fer基因水稻的叶片对氧化胁迫的耐受能力有不同程度的增强。百草枯处理后转基因植株叶片叶绿素含量与水处理叶片相比没有明显下降,而未转基因植株叶片叶绿素含量降低至水处理叶片的20％左右。选取9株对氧化胁迫耐受能力较强的水稻进行了Northern blot分析和子代的稻瘟病抗性测定,其中5株转基因植株Fer mRNA 积累增强。病原菌接种后T2代转基因植株的病斑数量明显少于非转基因植株。表明转Fer基因水稻对氧化胁迫和病原菌有较好的抗性。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。