高效液相色谱法测定油茶肉质果、肉质叶的维生素C

用高效液相色谱法测定油茶肉质果、肉质叶维生素C的含量.采用YWG-C18(10μm,4.6mm×250mm i.d.)色谱柱,以0.02 M醋酸钠缓冲液-甲醇为流动相,在254 nm波长下检测.回收率为:94.8%～101.2%.相对标准偏差小于2%.     

施钾对菠萝产量和果实品质的影响

以巴厘菠萝为试验材料,采用大田试验方法,研究0、250、500、800 kg/hm24种施钾量对菠萝叶片叶绿素含量、植株各部位钾素含量及果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加,叶片钾含量、菠萝单果重和菠萝产量随之增加,最高产量为97.36 t/hm2,相比对照增产6.18%。随着施钾量增加,菠萝果实可溶性总糖含量呈增加趋势,但维生素C、可滴定酸含量和糖酸比保持稳定;高施钾量还能显著提高果实Ca、Mn等中微量元素含量。     

两种催花剂处理对“台农4号”菠萝催花效果的影响

针对生产上“台农4号”菠萝诱导催花通常采用电石处理2～3次,操作复杂,且不利于绿色安全生产,采用植物生长调节剂乙烯利进行“台农4号”菠萝诱导催花处理,测定比较不同浓度乙烯利和电石处理的结果性状和果实内外品质。结果表明,“台农4号”菠萝对乙烯利催花较敏感,较低浓度(30 mg/kg)乙烯利处理的抽蕾率可以达到99%以上,而高浓度(960 mg/kg和480 mg/kg)乙烯利和电石处理的平均单果质量无显著性差异,均在1.08 kg以上,低浓度(240、30 mg/kg)乙烯利处理的单果质量较低。在果实外观方面,480、960 mg/kg乙烯利催花处理的圆筒果率显著高于其他处理,均超过94%,较1.25%电石灌心2次处理高32%,说明高浓度乙烯利处理可以显著提高圆筒果率。在果实内在品质方面,乙烯利催花处理的维生素C含量、总糖含量、糖酸比、可溶性固形物含量显著高于电石催花处理。相关性分析表明,乙烯利催花处理浓度与果实维生素C含量、总糖含量、糖酸比和可溶性固形物呈极显著正相关,而与柠檬酸含量呈极显著负相关。综合来看,“台农4号”菠萝采用960 mg/kg乙烯利(40%乙烯利水剂500倍液)+0...     

菠萝皮渣的营养成分分析及利用的研究

探讨了菠萝加工副产物菠萝皮渣的营养价值及饲用效果.采用国家标准方法测定了菠萝加工副产物菠萝皮渣的常规营养成分,并将其以不同梯度配入贵妃鸡日粮中,观测对鸡生长、采食量及胴体性能的影响.结果表明,菠萝皮渣饲料中无氮浸出物和纤维含量较高,分别为45.37%、27.70%;钙含量中等偏上为0.54%;蛋白、脂肪和磷含量偏低,分...     

利用自动电位滴定法测定果汁中维生素C含量

准确测定果汁中维生素C含量对评价果汁加工工艺、储藏条件和果汁品质具有重要意义。本试验应用自动电位滴定仪测定了苹果、脐橙、猕猴桃新鲜果汁中的维生素C含量。结果表明:自动电位滴定法标定结果精确度较高,重现性良好,相对标准偏差为0.27%～0.59%;果汁维生素C加标回收率为93.06%～98.21%,相对标准偏差为0.17%～1.26%。自动电位滴定法操作简便,可用于不同种类果汁或其他饮料维生素C含量的大批量检测。     

HPLC法测定柑桔维生素C含量的优化及其应用

通过对流动相的优化以及维生素C稳定性影响试验,建立了柑桔维生素C(L-抗坏血酸)含量测定的高效液相色谱法(HPLC法):维生素C提取剂(稀释剂)宜用0.1%草酸溶液,采用C_(18)色谱柱分离,以体积比=8∶92的甲醇和0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调pH值至3.5)为流动相,流速0.5mL/min,检测波长245nm,柱温25℃,进样量20μL,所得图谱峰分离效果和峰形都较好,出峰时间在6.053min。维生素C质量浓度(x)在0.5~10mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积(y)具有良好的线性关系,回归方程为:y=110.4 x-12.33,R2=0.999 0。试验建立的HPLC法具有前处理简单、快速、重现性好、准确度高等优点,不但适用于椪柑,还适用于温州蜜柑、本地早桔、瓯柑和葡萄、枇杷、猕猴桃等其他水果维生素C含量的测定。利用建立的HPLC法对贮藏椪柑和温州蜜柑的维生素C含量进行测定,发现维生素C含量随着贮藏时间的增加而持续减少,且在贮藏第42天至第56天之间下降最明显。     

不同草莓品种果实中维生素C含量变化的研究

维生素C常作为鉴定草莓品质的一个重要指标[1].本实验应用碘酸钾萃取分光光度法对春香盛岗、鸡心、欧洲2号、欧洲3号、丹东6个品种草莓果实中维生索C含量的变化进行测定.初步揭示:不同品种的草莓的维生素C含量的差异;在草莓生长发育过程中,不同成熟期维生素C的含量变化趋势.     

枣品种果实维生素C含量变化的研究

枣果实的含糖量(鲜枣18.68—35.28%)不但在各种水果中是最高者之一,而且其维生素 C(V—C)含量也是最高者之一,所以枣果实被称为“活维生素丸”。1987—1989年,我们对121份鲜枣果实、94份干枣果实维生素 C 含量进行了测定。根据三年测定结果,对维生素 C 含量进行了分级,并对其果实发育期维生素 C 含量动态进行了研究。     

澳大利亚选育出菠萝新品种

经过多年努力，澳大利亚人终于选育出了自己的菠萝新品种。到目前为止，澳大利亚市场消费的菠萝品种均源于国外，目前研究人员终于选育出了首个真正的澳大利亚菠萝品种．其维生素C含量是常规品种的两倍。     

余甘子果实维生素C积累动态规律研究

为研究不同品种余甘子果实维生素C含量差异和积累规律,在福建省惠安县以6个不同品种余甘子果实(蓝田粉甘、兰丰1号、秋白、六月白、山甘和扁甘)为试材,测定了不同时期果实的维生素C含量。结果表明,余甘子果实维生素C含量普遍丰富,适宜作为食品和保健品原材料开发利用;其中,秋白品种维生素C含量最高可接近1%,适宜作为加工和遗传育种原材料。不同品种果实维生素C积累动态存在差异,扁甘在翌年1月中旬达峰值,其余品种在10月中旬达峰值。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.