苹果新根内源多胺周年形成动态研究

研究了苹果吸收根和延长根内多胺（精胺、亚精胺、腐胺）的周年形成动态。结果表明，两类新根中多胺总量１年内均有３次明显的形成高峰，分别出现在４月初、６月上和９月初；５－７月３种多胺变化最频繁；亚精胺和腐胺含量在两种根内均有４次高峰，吸收根内精胺含量有５个峰，延长根中有３个峰，两种新根内精胺含量最高，变化也最大。     

两个砂梨品种花芽分化期芽内内源多胺含量的动态变化

以不同成花能力的砂梨品种新水梨Pyrus pyri folia cv.Xinshui和丰水梨P.pyrifolia cv.fengshui为试材,分析了2个品种花芽分化期新梢和短枝芽游离态和束缚态多胺含量的变化.结果表明,在采样期内,砂梨新梢和短枝芽中5种内源多胺以腐胺、精胺和亚精胺含量较高,供试芽内源多胺含量丰水梨大于新水梨,说明在砂梨花芽分化期内源多胺含量与品种成花能力密切相关.     

外源IBA和PAs对苹果幼苗新根形成,多胺及核酸含量的影响

外源多胺（精胺、亚精胺、腐胺）可增加苹果幼苗新根数量，但效果不及ＩＢＡ；ＩＢＡ能够促进多胺与核酸的积累，有效期２０～２７天；多胺亦可增加ＲＮＡ、ＤＮＡ的含量；处理和对照内源多胺与核酸含量均同步变化。     

多胺对镉胁迫下平邑甜茶根系损伤和NO生成的影响

以一年生平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,在水培条件下,通过根施硫酸镉、精胺、亚精胺,研究48 h后平邑甜茶根系内源游离态多胺含量、多胺氧化酶活性、过氧化氢含量、细胞损伤和线粒体特性的变化,并结合多胺合成抑制剂,测定一氧化氮生成量、一氧化氮合酶和硝酸还原酶活性的变化,以期揭示外源精胺和亚精胺缓解平邑甜茶根系镉损伤的生理机制,探讨多胺对一氧化氮生成的调控.结果 表明:镉胁迫导致过氧化氢含量增加,线粒体膜透性增大、膜电位降低、细胞色素c/a降低,一氧化氮生成量增加,根系细胞损伤严重.镉胁迫下多胺代谢异常,精胺和亚精胺含量明显降低,腐胺含量显著增加,(亚精胺+精胺)/腐胺显著降低,多胺氧化酶活性显著升高.外源添加精胺和亚精胺可降低镉胁迫下多胺氧化酶活性、过氧化氢含量和一氧化氮合酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性、一氧化氮生成量,稳定线粒体膜透性、提高膜电位和细胞色素c/a,恢复(亚精胺+精胺)/腐胺比值.而外施多胺合成抑制剂明显提高了一氧化氮合酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性和一氧化氮生成量.综上所述,外源添加精胺或亚精胺通过抑制一氧化氮生成,维护根系线粒体功能稳定,明显减弱了镉胁迫下根系细胞损伤程度,提高了植株的耐镉性.     

香蕉贮藏过程中多胺与乙烯的关系

以巴西香蕉为试材,研究了随着果实后熟程度的增加,果实中精胺、亚精胺和腐胺三种多胺与乙烯生成之间的关系。结果表明:精胺与乙烯生成之间存在比较明显的拮抗关系,但随着乙烯生成量的增加,亚精胺释放量只有轻微下降;同时,腐胺略有上升;采用外源腐胺处理果实,发现乙烯生成受到一定程度的抑制,且与外源腐胺浓度成正比;结合内源腐胺与乙烯的关系,综合分析表明,腐胺含量的增加可以抑制乙烯的生成。     

高温胁迫下耐热性不同番茄多胺水平变化的差异

 研究了高温条件下番茄4个耐热和2个不耐热品种体内腐胺、精胺和亚精胺水平变化的差异。结果表明，在苗期和开花期，不耐热品种叶片和花器官中精胺和亚精胺含量在昼/夜温度33/25 ℃下显著高于对照(25/20 ℃)，38/28 ℃下显著低于对照；耐热品种都随温度升高而升高,38/28 ℃时最高。在25/20 ℃ 、33/25 ℃下，不耐热品种的精胺和亚精胺含量与耐热品种相当或者高于耐热品种，在38/28 ℃高温下耐热品种显著高于不耐热品种。所有参试番茄品种在不同温度处理中腐胺含量的变化没有明显的规律性。     

NaCl胁迫对番茄嫁接苗根系多胺含量的影响

以耐盐番茄品种‘影武者’为砧木, ‘宝大903’为接穗, 研究了100 mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫10 d条件下, 嫁接苗与自根苗生长和根系不同形态(游离态、结合态和束缚态) 多胺含量的变化。结果表明: 嫁接苗的生物量显著高于自根苗; 在整个胁迫期内嫁接苗根系3种形态的腐胺和精胺含量呈上升趋势,3种形态的亚精胺含量呈下降趋势; 自根苗根系游离态和结合态精胺含量在胁迫第6天达到峰值后下降;束缚态精胺含量变化不明显, 3种形态的腐胺、亚精胺含量在整个胁迫期内呈下降趋势。以上结果表明,腐胺和精胺在番茄嫁接苗根系耐盐性方面发挥着重要作用。     

盐胁迫下嫁接伽师甜瓜植株生长与多胺以及多胺氧化酶活性的关系

3种浓度NaCl对嫁接伽师瓜植株生长和产量没有显著抑制作用,而对自根伽师瓜植株的生长和产量产生明显的抑制作用,并随处理浓度的提高抑制作用明显增强。150mmol/L的NaCl胁迫35d嫁接伽师甜瓜植株叶片和根系中的3种形态多胺都有不同程度的下降,其中游离态多胺下降幅度最大;高氯酸不溶性结合态多胺含量变化较小。根系中PAO的活性先上升后下降,而叶片中PAO的活性先下降后上升。游离态多胺中,亚精胺和精胺(Spd+Spm)的含量变化与相应部位PAO的活性变化趋势相反,表明PAO在盐胁迫下可能调节了游离态多胺的含量从而影响高氯酸可溶结合态与高氯酸不溶结合态多胺的含量。     

低氧胁迫对无土栽培网纹甜瓜幼苗多胺含量的影响

 研究了低氧胁迫处理对无土栽培网纹甜瓜幼苗叶片生长及游离态、结合态、束缚态多胺(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺) 含量的影响。结果表明, 低氧胁迫显著抑制了植株叶片的生长, 幼苗3种形态的腐胺、亚精胺和精胺含量显著提高; 但耐低氧性强的‘星光’比耐低氧性较弱的‘西域一号’幼苗生长较快, 而且游离态、结合态、束缚态的3种多胺含量较高, 表明较高多胺可能参与了网纹甜瓜耐低氧能力的调节。     

低温胁迫下4种苹果砧木叶片多胺的变化

以山定子(Malus baccata Borkh)、新疆野苹果[M.sieversii(Ledeb)Roem]、烟台沙果[M.prunifoli(Willd)Borkh]和莱芜难咽(M.micromalus Makino)等4种苹果砧木为试材,测定了低温胁迫下不同砧木叶片的多胺含量。结果表明,胁迫6 h时叶片的MDA含量可反映4个砧木的耐寒性,从高到低依次为山定子>新疆野苹果>莱芜难咽>烟台沙果;低温胁迫能明显诱导多胺总量(PAs)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)的合成,耐寒性强的山定子和新疆野苹果PAs、Put和Spd增加显著,而耐寒性较弱的莱芜难咽和烟台沙果多胺和3种胺的变化不大。低温胁迫6 h时,MDA变化量与叶片PAs、Put、Spd变化量以及Put/PAs比值呈极显著或显著负相关,而与(Spd+Spm)/Put、Spd/PAs、Spm/PAs呈显著正相关,与Spm变化量无相关关系,表明当低温胁迫下叶片PAs、Put、Spd增加量较大时,苹果砧木耐低温胁迫的能力比较强,PAs、Put及Spd在胁迫条件下的增加量可作为苹果砧木耐低温胁迫能力高低的鉴定指标。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.