西瓜套种粮油菜高产技术研究

西瓜套种粮油菜高产技术研究苏胜举，佟海恩（辽宁省果蚕技术指导站，沈阳市１１００３６）近几年，辽宁省西瓜生产发展较快，到１９９０年栽培面积已达２万ｈｍ２。由于耕地面积有限，大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积，使该省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾日益突出。为解决这个问题，我...     

西瓜与粮油菜间作套种

<正> 近年来,随着西瓜种植面积的增加,西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾日趋突出,如何协调西瓜与粮油菜生产关系,充分利用光热资源,提高土地利用率,增加农作物的产量和效益,是当前金州地区发展农业生产的一项新课题。过去,辽南地区西瓜、大豆等作物都是一年一熟制。我们分析了当地的气候条件认为,大连地区气温大于10℃的活动积温为3500—3800℃(180—190天),而西瓜的生育期90—110天,其热量利用率仅60%—65%,西瓜罢园到温度降至10℃还有2个多     

西瓜嫁接苗应用及栽培技术开发试验

西瓜嫁接栽培技术在国内外已推广应用。应用面积较大的是日本,占西瓜栽培面积的95%以上,其次是南朝鲜、菲律宾等国家。我省在六十年代初曾进行西瓜嫁接试验,以后江苏、浙江、湖南等省科研院校也曾开展过西瓜嫁接试验,但由于采用嫁接方法单一,未能在生产上大面积推广应用。自1986年中日合作建立大连、沈阳园艺试验场以来,开展了西瓜嫁接栽培技术,砧木选育,嫁接方法等方面试验,初步摸清了西瓜嫁接栽培方面的关键技术环节,取得了理想的效     

南方地区以西瓜为主的6种设施瓜菜周年高效种植模式

近年来南方地区以塑料大棚为主的西瓜设施栽培面积呈逐年上升趋势。为了进一步提高土地利用效率和单位面积产出率,应考虑其与其他经济价值高的蔬菜作物生产进行衔接,以实现瓜菜周年高效生产,提高效益,总结出了6种设施瓜菜周年高效种植模式：草莓—西瓜,西瓜—藜蒿,西瓜—水生蔬菜（茭白、水蕹菜）,西瓜长季节栽培,早春西瓜—秋茄果类蔬菜,早春西瓜—秋超甜玉米—冬青花菜。     

早春西瓜嫁接育苗工厂化生产关键技术

近几年来,浙江省早春大棚西瓜种植面积发展很快,西瓜是忌连作作物,由于我省西瓜栽培面积较大,难以做到合理的轮作。但在连作的情况下,西瓜枯萎病发生严重,导致产量下降,甚至绝收。为了克服以上问题,西瓜嫁接苗得到了普遍应用,经过4年的考察学习、试验研究和生产实践,总结出了一套嫁接商品苗成苗率达90％以上的早春西瓜嫁接育苗工厂化生产关键技术。     

西瓜嫁接育苗技术概述

近１０多年来全国西瓜栽培面积一直保持在１００万公顷以上，福州市是我省西瓜主产区，每年种植面积都在３４００公顷左右，在许多主栽区连作导致西瓜枯萎病危害严重。造成减产甚至绝收。采用西瓜嫁接育苗栽培技术是防治西瓜枯萎病有效的途径。长乐市从１９８２年即开展西瓜嫁接育苗栽培技术的研究工作，经过十多年试验、示范、推广，长乐已成为福建省最大的西瓜嫁接育苗基地，嫁接苗栽培面积占栽培总面积８０％以上，嫁接苗成活率可达９５％。现将长乐市西瓜嫁接育苗技术做一概述。１　砧木与接穗的选择砧木：长乐市西瓜嫁接采用本地葫芦形…     

山东五莲、诸城西瓜大棚栽培技术

五莲、诸城两县（市）近几年在实施高产优质高效农业富民工程中，以园田瓜菜为重点的大棚高产高效栽培面积迅速扩大，1991～1995年进行了大棚西瓜试验和示范，取得了显著的经济效益。目前五莲、日照、宫县、诸城、胶南等县（市）大棚西瓜面积已达900hm’左右，产品销往国...     

宁夏旱作区域露地西瓜套作栽培适应性研究

为了探索宁夏旱作区域露地瓜菜套作栽培适应性效果,进行了西瓜+辣椒,西瓜+洋葱,西瓜+三叶草3种套作模式.试验结果表明,套作对西瓜产量、品质影响不显著,但对西瓜发病率具有显著的降低作用,同时套作蔬菜具有一定产量和效益,因此露地西瓜间套作栽培在宁夏旱作区域极具发展前景.     

设施栽培中型西瓜品种比较试验

西瓜作为浙江省的主要农作物,栽培面积广,消费量大,但近年来我省各地主要以早佳84-24为主栽品种,品种极其单一。本试验拟通过不同品种的对比来筛选出适合我省设施栽培的中型西瓜品种,丰富本地西瓜品种市场。1材料与方法1.1供试材料参试西瓜品种有4个。丽芳,由浙江大学农学院提供；申蜜948,由浙江凤起农产公司提供；ZM- 515,由宁波市种子公司提供；对照(CK)为早佳84-     

浙江省西甜瓜品种应用现状及潜力品种推荐

西瓜是浙江省重要经济作物,被列入浙江省特色优势农产品之一,定为主要农作物品种,推广品种必须通过国家或省级审定.近年来令省西甜瓜大棚设施栽培快速发展,年大棚栽培面积近2.7万hm2,成为全省没施农业的主要作物之一,我省是长江中下游名优西甜瓜重点产区.另外,各地因地制宜,利用高山资源优势发展高山西瓜,采用双膜覆盖栽培、延秋反季节栽培、长季栽培和异地种瓜等生产方式,使西瓜上市时间大大延长,基本实现周年供应.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量