适合营养液水培的韭菜品种筛选

为了筛选适合营养液水培的韭菜品种,采用北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心研发的新型水培
系统进行水培试验,对791 宽叶雪韭、平韭4 号等7 个韭菜品种的生长指标、生理指标、营养品质、单株
干鲜质量和产量进行比较分析,结果表明在生长性状、产量性状上以791 宽叶雪韭和多抗富韭11 表现最佳,
营养品质上以791 宽叶雪韭表现相对较好,综合分析认为791 宽叶雪韭更适合于营养液水培。     

不同NO3-∶NH4+营养液对水培韭菜生长生理指标和品质的影响

以"791宽叶雪韭"为试材,在完全水培条件下,采用北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心研发的新型水培系统进行水培试验,研究了NO3-∶NH4+为12∶0、8∶4、6∶6、4∶8、0∶12五个硝、铵配比营养液对水培韭菜生长生理指标及产量和品质的影响,以期探寻适用于水培韭菜生长的硝、铵配比。结果表明:以产量及生长发育为分析目标,NO3-∶NH4+为8∶4处理适用于水培韭菜生产;以营养品质作为分析目标,NO3-∶NH4+为6∶6和4∶8处理其维生素C含量较高且有较低的硝酸盐累积情况,但这2个处理生长量过低。综合分析,适用于水培韭菜的营养液NO3-∶NH4+为8∶4。     

生长素（IAA）和赤霉素（GA3）不同配比对韭菜种子萌发的影响

以791、平韭4号、改良汉中3个韭菜品种的种子为试材,用6个IAA、GA3混配溶液进行浸泡处理,分析其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、简化活力指数及平均发芽天数等性状,为提高种子发芽率以及韭菜商品催芽剂的开发提供参考。试验结果表明,791、平韭4号的最佳处理是T220 mg/L IAA+150 mg/L GA3(1∶4混合液);改良汉中的最佳处理是T420 mg/L IAA+150 mg/L GA3(3∶2混合液)。     

硝铵态氮不同配比对葡萄幼树生长及成花的影响

以欧美杂交种早熟鲜食葡萄夏黑为试材,向土壤施等量纯氮,对葡萄幼苗分别按T1处理(硝铵比100︰0),T2处理(硝铵比75︰25),T3处理(硝铵比50︰50),T4处理(硝铵比25︰75),T5处理(硝铵比0︰100)5种比例施用NO3--N与NH4+-N氮肥,研究硝铵态氮不同配比对夏黑葡萄生长及成花的影响。结果表明:硝态氮与铵态氮混合配施的T1、T2、T3处理的新梢节间长度、新梢节间粗度、果枝率、结果率、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖及可溶性淀粉均高于T1全硝处理和T5全铵处理。其中T2处理(硝铵比75︰25)的夏黑葡萄新梢节间长度、新梢节间粗度、结果率、叶绿素含量均高于其他处理;T3处理(硝铵比50︰50)的果枝率、可溶性糖的含量均高于其他处理;T4处理(硝铵比25︰75)可溶性淀粉的含量最高。说明T2处理(硝铵比75︰25)和T3处理(硝铵比50︰50)可促进夏黑葡萄幼树的生长及成花。     

葎草发酵液替代矿质营养液对生菜生长及品质的影响

以"意大利生菜"为试材,采用水培的方式,在预试验的基础上采用稀释50倍的葎草发酵液替代矿质营养,设置0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0(CK,体积比)5种处理,研究了不同处理对生菜生长及其品质的影响,以期为植物源有机营养液的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:葎草源发酵营养液替代矿质营养液对生菜地上部的生长有减缓作用,替代比例越大减缓作用越大,其中25%替代比例的处理其生菜株高、地上部干鲜质量分别较CK减少了13.36%、16.26%、21.27%;葎草源发酵液替代矿质营养液能显著提高生菜的营养品质,其中25%替代比例的处理生菜叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C和叶绿素的含量分别较CK提高了1.5%、13.6%、37.8%、22.1%。初步认为25%的葎草发酵液替代矿质营养可用于优质生菜的生产。     

不同浓度亚硒酸钠对水培苦苣生长及营养品质的影响

以美国花叶苦苣品种为材料,以改良的Hoagland营养液为基本营养液,采用水培方法,研究了不同浓度亚硒酸钠(0.00、0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00、2.00、4.00mg·L~(-1))对苦苣生长及营养品质的影响。结果表明:随着亚硒酸钠浓度的增加,苦苣的叶长、叶宽、单叶鲜样质量,叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量整体呈先增加后减少趋势,当营养液中亚硒酸钠浓度为1.00mg·L~(-1)时,苦苣生长良好,营养品质最佳。     

不同氮素形态对蓝莓幼苗生长及光合参数的影响

利用营养液栽培,研究不同氮素形态处理对蓝莓主栽品种"蓝丰"幼苗生长及光合参数的影响。结果显示,随着硝态氮比例的增加和铵态氮比例的降低,植株的高度呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,当硝铵比为1∶1时植株的长势最好;同对照(即硝铵比为4∶1)相比,全铵态氮溶液(即不含硝态氮)培养下的叶片面积和周长分别增加了64.1%和30%;当硝铵比为1∶4时,叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均达到最大值,比对照溶液(硝铵比为4∶1)分别增加了17.56%、280.6%和315.2%;尽管向营养液中加入氨基酸可以促进苗木生长并同时增强其光合能力,但并没有高比例铵态氮处理条件下的效果好。本研究结果表明,在水培条件下,硝铵比为1∶4的硝铵态氮素配施可以增强蓝丰的光合能力,从而有利于其生长和发育。     

不同氮素形态配比对百合生长发育的影响

采用0∶100、10∶90、25∶75、75∶25、100∶0共5个不同铵态氮/硝态氮配比的营养液,对百合进行砂培盆栽试验,研究不同形态氮素配比对百合生长发育影响。结果表明:以硝态氮为主的营养液有利于百合的生长发育,可显著提高各器官的干物质积累以及植株地上部、根部的含N量。其中NH4+-N∶NO3-N=25∶75(N3)处理百合株高、花直径、叶片叶绿素含量、地上部干物质积累、根部N含量积累均达最大值,3个以上花蕾所占比例高,花期最长,说明N3处理的营养液有利于植株生长发育和花器官形成。     

氨基酸处理对水培韭菜产量、品质及风味的影响

水培韭菜风味不及土壤栽培韭菜，其原因在于风味前体物质CSO积累不足。为提升水培韭菜风味，将4种参与CSO生物合成的氨基酸(缬氨酸、丝氨酸、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸)添加到营养液中，研究4种氨基酸对水培韭菜生长发育、营养品质及风味的影响。试验结果表明，氨基酸处理对光合色素含量和营养品质指标影响不大，而对韭菜生长指标、产量及辛辣度的影响不尽相同，其中以谷氨酸处理效果最佳，不但能显著促进韭菜生长，增加产量和VC含量，而且能显著提高4个韭菜FMO基因表达，韭菜辛辣度提升至土壤栽培产品水平。综上所述，在营养液中添加1 mmol · L^-1谷氨酸，能够有效改善韭菜品质，增加产量，显著提高辛辣度，提升韭菜风味。     

不同氮素形态对凤仙花叶绿素含量及光合荧光参数的影响

以凤仙花苗为试材,研究不同氮素形态处理对其光合色素含量及光合荧光参数的影响.结果表明:氮素处理均能有效促进叶绿素积累,且T5处理(全铵态氮,100％ NH4+)时光合色素含量显著高于其它处理组.和CK相比,Fv/ Fm、Yield、ETR、qP值有所提高,且T3处理(硝铵比50∶50)时最显著.因此,适量增加硝态氮比例,有利于促进凤仙花生长、且硝铵比为50∶50较好.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量