1-MCP对‘磨盘柿’采后成熟软化的调控效应

为了探讨1-MCP抑制柿果成熟软化的关键酶,以‘磨盘柿’为试材,研究1-MCP处理对常温柿果的生理指标以及软化酶系的影响。结果表明,1-MCP处理均有效的延缓了柿果硬度和可溶性单宁的下降,抑制了果实的呼吸强度和乙烯生成量的增加,并推迟了呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰出现的时间,有效抑制贮藏后期果实MDA和膜相对电导率的增加,延缓了果实成熟衰老进程;抑制了PG活性、Cx活性、淀粉酶活性的增加,延缓果实软化进程;但对果实PE活性没有抑制作用。导致果实软化的影响因素次序为:PG>Cx>淀粉酶>PE。1-MCP能够有效抑制柿果的成熟软化,与果实中PG、Cx和淀粉酶活性密切相关。     

1-MCP对常温贮藏‘红香酥’梨保鲜效果的影响

以‘红香酥’梨果实为试材,研究了常温(20℃)条件下,不同浓度1-MCP处理对果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、果实品质和果实腐烂及风味的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,1-MCP处理能明显抑制贮藏期间‘红香酥’果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放量;1-MCP处理能明显延缓‘红香酥’果皮转黄,提高果皮色泽和亮度,提高好果率,贮藏后期保持较好的果实品质和风味,延长贮藏期;1-MCP处理对‘红香酥’果实硬度的影响不明显。常温(20℃)条件下,经0.5μL/L和1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理,‘红香酥’贮藏期可延长12 d以上,果实商品价值好。     

1-MCP对‘冰脆李’冷藏期间褐变与软化的影响

为探明1-甲基环丙烯（1-Methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）对李冷藏期间褐变与软化的影响。本文以‘冰脆李’为试材，采用0.5μL/L 1-MCP熏蒸处理12 h，分析其对‘冰脆李’采后冷藏期间生理、生化及果胶代谢的影响。结果显示，0.5μL/L 1-MCP处理能显著延缓‘冰脆李’果实的腐烂速率，抑制呼吸速率和多酚氧化酶活性，延缓酚类物质氧化，抑制多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和果胶甲酯酶活性，延缓水溶性果胶和共价结合果胶的增加，从而抑制果实硬度的下降。综上所述，0.5μL/L 1-MCP处理可有效延缓‘冰脆李’冷藏期间软化与褐变，延长贮藏期。     

1-MCP、薄膜包装和乙烯吸收剂对‘安哥诺’李长期冷藏期间品质和褐变的影响

果肉软化和褐变是李果实长期冷藏时的主要问题。以‘安哥诺’李为材料,采用1-MCP(0.5μL.L-1)、薄膜(30μm厚)包装(MAP)及包装内加入乙烯吸收剂(EA)的方法,研究了0℃冷藏期间‘安哥诺’李品质、褐变及其生理生化的变化。结果表明,与对照(未进行处理)相比,1-MCP、MAP和MAP+EA及其组合处理延缓了果肉软化,抑制可溶性固形物(SSC)和花青苷含量上升,保持果肉较高的白度指数,降低果肉褐变度、酚含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,1-MCP+MAP+EA的复合处理效果最佳。这些说明,采后进行1-MCP、MAP和EA的复合处理能有效抑制果肉软化和褐变,改善了果实贮藏品质。     

1-MCP对不同成熟度白凤桃冷害发生的影响

以白凤桃果实为材料,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对低温冷藏条件下果实成熟生理和冷害发生的影响。实验采用25μL/L1-MCP分别对底色转白期(MG)和成熟期(RR)桃果实进行处理,然后置于(0±1)℃冷库中贮藏24d。结果表明,1-MCP处理都能够延缓MG和RR果实的后熟软化进程,降低乙烯释放量,并抑制了果实快速软化阶段的PG酶活性;1-MCP处理提高了贮藏后期MG果实的硬度,降低了出汁率,加剧了冷害的发生程度,1-MCP处理对RR果实的冷害发生率没有显著影响,表明1-MCP对桃冷害的发生程度与果实成熟度有关。     

常温贮藏条件下1-MCP处理对欧洲李子采后生理及品质的影响

以欧洲李子(Prunus domestica‘Hanita’and‘Elena’)为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-methlcyclopropene)对欧洲李子果实采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:在低温(3℃)下采用浓度为1.25μL/L的1-MCP对欧洲李子果实进行处理18h后,在常温贮藏过程中,‘Hanita’属于呼吸跃变型果实,而‘Elena’呼吸速率变化不大,属于非呼吸跃变型果实。1-MCP处理可以降低‘Hanita’果实呼吸高峰的峰值,有效地抑制乙烯释放量。但1-MCP处理对欧洲李子‘Hanita’和‘Elena’果实的可溶性固形物含量及可滴定酸含量的变化无影响。     

1-甲基环丙烯和温度对桃和油桃贮藏品质的影响

 以‘秦光2 号’油桃和‘秦王’桃为试材, 在0 ℃和5 ℃两种贮藏温度条件下研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP) 对果实呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、硬度、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量及果肉褐变的影响。结果表明, 0 ℃的贮藏温度能显著降低秦光2号油桃和秦王桃的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率, 减缓果实软化。1μL·L ^-1的1-MCP 处理能降低果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率, 抑制果实软化, 减少果肉褐变,但对可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量无明显影响。     

1-MCP处理对采后甜瓜果实内源激素变化的影响

以‘玉金香’甜瓜果实(Cucumis melon L.var Yujinxiang)为试材,研究了1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)处理对低温贮藏期间甜瓜果实内源植物激素乙烯、脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的影响。采用1μL/L1-MCP,在温度为(21±1)℃的条件下处理甜瓜果实24h之后转入(10±1)℃,70%～80%RH环境中贮藏。结果表明:经1μL/L1-MCP处理果实24h可显著抑制甜瓜果实贮藏期间乙烯释放量、延缓乙烯高峰的出现;显著抑制甜瓜果实贮藏期间ABA含量的增加,将ABA含量的峰值推迟8d;提高了果实ZR和GA3的含量;延缓了果实IAA含量的升高。由这些结果推断,1-MCP处理对甜瓜低温贮藏后品质的保持的效果可能与其降低果实内源乙烯,ABA含量,提高GA3、ZR的含量,延缓果实的衰老有关。     

1-甲基环丙烯对采后猕猴桃果实生理效应的影响

 以美味猕猴桃‘秦美’果实为试材, 研究1-MCP (1-甲基环丙烯) 处理对果实乙烯释放量、硬度、维生素C 含量及SOD (超氧化物歧化酶) 、POD (过氧化物酶) 活性变化的影响。结果表明, 1-MCP 处理能显著降低果实乙烯释放量, 提高SOD、POD 活性, 抑制硬度下降, 推迟软化。     

1-MCP处理对几种脆肉梨果实贮藏品质及采后生理的影响

【目的】研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对‘酥梨’‘红香酥’和‘玉露香’果实贮藏品质和采后生理的影响,为梨果实贮藏保鲜技术提供理论支持。【方法】采后果实经1.0μL·L-11-MCP处理12 h后,常温(20±1)℃贮藏30 d,每隔4 d测定各项品质和生理指标。【结果】与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理有效延缓几种脆肉梨果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和维生素C含量的下降,抑制乙醇、丙二醛(MDA)含量的升高,降低超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率和H2O2含量的积累,贮藏后期(15~30 d)经1-MCP处理后的果实仍维持了较高的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性。【结论】1-MCP通过维持抗氧化酶活性而达到延缓梨果实品质下降和衰老,延长贮藏保鲜时间,1-MCP处理后货架期30 d内食用梨果实品质保持良好,货架期延长10 d以上。     

柿果实采后软化中PG酶活性及其基因DkPG1的表达

为了进一步探索多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）在柿（Diospyros kaki L.）采后软化中的分子调控机制,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术和DNS比色法检测常温下丙烯和1–甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理‘富平尖柿’果实中PG基因DkPG1的表达量和PG酶活性的变化。结果显示,随着柿果实成熟软化,DkPG1基因转录水平呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中丙烯处理4 d出现表达高峰,比对照提前12 d且峰值极显著高于对照,而1-MCP处理的果实中的表达高峰出现在处理后28 d,比对照推迟12 d峰值极显著低于对照。丙烯处理果实PG酶活性迅速增加,活性峰与DkPG1表达高峰出现在同一天,1-MCP处理的果实PG酶活性明显降低,活性峰出现在DkPG1表达高峰前4 d。此外,对不同处理下乙烯释放量和果胶组分变化分析的结果显示DkPG1基因的表达受乙烯调控,进而影响果胶组分代谢。     

‘乔纳金’苹果采后1-MCP 处理对常温贮藏效果的影响

 试验结果表明, 1-MCP (1 - 甲基环丙烯) 处理可以明显降低‘乔纳金’苹果果实的呼吸强度,延迟呼吸高峰的出现, 明显减缓硬度和酸度的下降, 减少叶绿素的分解, 但低浓度的1-MCP 处理增加了苦痘病的发生率。     

香蕉果实采后乙醇脱氢酶活性与乙烯代谢的关系

乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)在果实的生长发育以及果实成熟过程中起到一定的作用。以香蕉果实为材料,测定了乙烯、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对香蕉果实采后乙烯释放量和ADH活性的影响,以了解ADH活性与乙烯代谢的关系。结果表明,与正常后熟的香蕉相比,乙烯处理使香蕉果实的乙烯释放量提前11 d达到峰值,ADH活性提前11 d开始上升。1-MCP处理则显著抑制了香蕉的乙烯释放,没有出现乙烯峰,ADH活性也被抑制,活性变化不明显。推测在香蕉果实采后成熟过程中乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性与乙烯代谢成正相关,乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性可能受乙稀代谢调控。     

Involvement of 1-methylcyclopropene in ripening of harvested mei (Prunus mume) fruit

Summary

Harvested mei (Prunus mume) fruit were stored at 20°C after exposure to 500 nl l^–1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 8 h. Firmness, peel colour, chlorophyll content, chlorophyllase activity, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), respiration and ethylene production, and cell wall hydrolysis enzyme activities were monitored to determine the efficacy of 1-MCP treatment in delaying mei fruit ripening compared to untreated control fruit. Results showed that control ‘daqinghe’ mei fruit displayed typical climacteric patterns of respiration and ethylene production. Peak CO₂ production and ethylene production were observed after 6 d. Fruit softening was accompanied by a progressive decrease in colour parameters expressed as hue angle (h°), chlorophyll content, SSC, TA and increases in chlorophyllase, pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities. 1-MCP treatment prior to the climacteric increase significantly delayed the onset of the climacteric peaks of CO₂ and ethylene production. These delays were associated with reductions in fruit softening, consistent with delaying the activities of PME and PG. Fruit treated with 1-MCP exhibited less peel colour change from green-to-yellow because of their lower levels of chlorophyllase activity and less chlorophyll breakdown. Moreover, 1-MCP treatment also significantly retarded reductions in SSC and TA compared with control fruit. The shelf-life of mei fruit ripening was increased by 4 d following 1-MCP treatment. Thus, 1-MCP treatment can markedly extend the post-harvest life of ‘daqinghe’ mei fruit.     

Postharvest UV-C treatment combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), followed by storage in continuous low-level ethylene atmosphere,improves the quality of tomatoes

Mature green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Neang Pich) were exposed to 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C or 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP or combination of 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C and 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP, with appropriate untreated controls. After treatment, tomatoes were stored in air containing 0.1 μL L^?1 ethylene at 20°C and 100% RH. The untreated fruit ripened significantly faster than those of all other treatments. UV-C treatment alone was able to delay fruit ripening by up to 5 days longer compared to untreated fruits whilst the additional of 1-MCP further delayed fruit ripening. UV-C and 1-MCP treatments alone or in combination had significantly slower ethylene production rates throughout the storage period. The fruit treated with the combination of 1-MCP and UV-C was significantly firmer and had higher total phenolic content compared to that of the other treatments. However, there was no difference between treatments in soluble solids content/titratable acids ratio, chlorophyll content, lycopene content and total antioxidant activity. These results show that UV-C and 1-MCP treatment delay ripening and improve the quality of tomatoes in the presence of low-level ethylene during storage. This new treatment could be used to extend the shelf-life of mature green tomatoes through the supply chain without the use of refrigeration.     

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ripening of apple fruit without cold storage

Summary

The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on ripening of ‘Tsugaru’ fruit at different stages of maturity (early, mid-, and late harvest) and the responses of the early- to late-maturing apple cultivars,‘Tsugaru’,‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’, respectively, during storage at ambient temperature (20º ± 2ºC). Fruit at different stages of ripening were treated with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 µl l^–1 1-MCP for different durations (e.g., 1.0 µl l^–1 1-MCP for 8 h, 16 h, or 24 h) or with various delays before treatment (e.g., 1.0 µl l^–1 1-MCP on the day of harvest, or 1 d, or 2 d later). Application of 1-MCP to unripe fruit inhibited ethylene production, lowered the rate of respiration and maintained titratable acidity (TA) more effectively than when more mature fruit was treated. However, the effects of 1-MCP on flesh firmness were similar for apples at mid- or late harvests. 1-MCP treatment of early-harvested fruit of the early-maturing ‘Tsugaru’, which had the highest level of ethylene production and respiration rate, inhibited softening and loss of TA to a greater extent than for late harvested fruit. The same pattern of softening was found for ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’. Firmness of ‘Tsugaru’ and ‘Fuji’ apples was maintained after 8 h treatment with 1.0 µl l^–1 1-MCP, while a 16 h treatment was required for ‘Hongro’. Treatment delays of ≤ 2 d before the application of 1-MCP had no negative impact on fruit firmness. Overall, these results indicate that 1-MCP can be used to maintain the quality of non-refrigerated apples.     

1-MCP 对新红星苹果乙烯代谢和贮藏品质的影响

 以新红星苹果为试材, 研究了室温贮藏和低温贮藏两种条件下1-MCP (1 - 甲基环丙烯) 对果实乙烯释放量、内源乙烯浓度、硬度、可滴定酸含量及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明, 300 nL·L ^-1浓度的1-MCP 能显著抑制果实乙烯释放, 延缓乙烯高峰的出现, 延缓果实硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降, 但对可溶性固形物含量无影响。     

延长黄熟香蕉货架期的研究

实验研究了热水处理、包装自发气调(MAP)、乙烯吸收剂、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、贮藏温度、多菌灵等对黄熟香蕉货架期的影响。对香蕉的有机酸和总可溶性固形物含量、色差值、包装袋内的CO2浓度进行了测定。结果显示:在(28±2)℃贮藏条件下,黄熟香蕉的货架期只有1d。1-MCP延长黄熟香蕉货架期效果最好,可以延长4d;10%CO2和2%O2的MAP气调和乙烯吸收剂可延长货架期1d;500mg/kg多菌灵48℃热处理浸泡香蕉30s,延长货架期1d。50℃以上高温预处理15min,引起黄熟香蕉热害;pH4.5酸性溶液48℃浸15min,也有明显伤害。48℃高温预处理15min,没有引起伤害。黄熟香蕉对冷害敏感。应用500mg/kg多菌灵浸果30s,晾干后放入0.04mm厚聚乙烯袋内,放入0.8%乙烯吸收剂,换气后初始CO2为10%,O2为2%,袋内注射1-MCP,使最终浓度达0.13mmol/L,可使黄熟香蕉货架期由原来的1d延长到6d。