辣椒新品种川腾2号的选育

川腾2号辣椒是以自交系03-8-4-2作母本,以自交系03-9-4-6作父本配制而成的一代杂种。该品种极早熟;果实粗牛角形,纵径12.2cm,横径4.5cm,果肉厚0.4cm,单果质量53.2g;青熟果深绿色,老熟果红色,外观商品性好;肉质脆嫩,微辣,适鲜食。露地667m2产鲜椒3000kg左右。耐寒、耐热、耐旱、耐涝,抗病毒病、疫病、炭疽病、蚜虫、跗线螨、烟青虫等的能力超过湘研1号,与湘研11号相当,为强或较强,适合四川和全国种植。     

辣椒新品种驻椒19的选育

驻椒19是以自交系梨乡888-7-12-1-5-5-7-4-9为母本,以自交系驻0606为父本配制而成的辣椒一代杂种。果实羊角形,果面光滑,纵径18.3 cm,横径3.2 cm,果肉厚0.36 cm,单果质量52.3 g,品质优良,鲜果VC含量1 015mg·kg~(-1),每667 m~2产量为3 200 kg左右。田间对病毒病和炭疽病的抗性强于对照湘研15号。适宜在河南、江苏、广东、广西、海南等地作露地辣椒栽培。     

早熟大果辣椒新品种江蔬1号的选育

江蔬1号辣椒是利用北方羊角椒的优良自交系00956和北方早熟甜椒优良自交系01016配制的早熟辣椒一代杂种。果实牛角形，纵径14．35cm，肩横径4．55cm，肉厚0．29cm。抗病毒病和炭疽病。每667m^2前期产量1860．6kg，总产量40l0．5kg，其丰产性、抗病性和商品性均优于对照湘研1号和湘研9号。     

早熟丰产辣椒新品种江蔬4号的选育

江蔬4号辣椒是利用来自北方羊角椒8-2-7的优良自交系0736和来自上海 早熟甜椒的优良自交系0517配制的早熟辣椒一代杂种。果实牛角形，纵径14.3cm， 肩横径3.7cm，肉厚0.26cm。抗病毒病和炭疽病。每667m2前期 平均产量1065kg，总产量2700kg，其丰产性、抗病性和 商品品质均优于对照湘研1号。适宜保护地栽培和西南地区露地地膜覆盖栽培。     

辣椒新品种海丰12号的选育

以引进的优良杂交种 92 40 1经多代自交选育的自交系 96 2 1 1为母本 ,以湘研 9号的花培品系 96 12 4为父本 ,配制的一代杂种海丰 12号 ,早熟性好 ,果实粗羊角形 ,浅绿色 ,果面光滑有光泽 ,成熟果橘红色 ,果色鲜艳 ,平均果长 2 0 .0cm ,果宽 2 .8cm ,果肉厚 0 .2 5cm ,单果质量 45g ,果味辣。一般在露地每 6 6 7m2 前期平均产量172 3.3kg ,比对照湘研 5号平均增产 47.9% ;每 6 6 7m2 平均总产量 32 74.8kg ,比对照湘研 5号平均增产 2 9.2 %。适宜内蒙、山东、广东和海南等地栽培     

CMS杂交辣椒新品种湘辣17号的选育

湘辣17号是以细胞核质互作不育系(CMS)03MA为母本、自交系R2413-192为父本配制而成的杂交一代;其果实细长、顺直,膨果速度快,果长22～24 cm,果宽约1.6 cm;果实硬度高,前后期一致性好,单果质量22 g左右,坐果性好,味辣;耐高温干旱、耐涝,抗白绢病、疫病、炭疽病、青枯病,耐病毒病,综合抗性强,耐储运,适宜作鲜椒上市或酱制加工。     

辣椒新品种川辣2号的选育

川辣2号是以自交系28-6-2-1为母本,以自交系10-10-3-1作父本配制而成的一代杂种。该杂种早熟;果实长羊角形,果长15．3cm,粗1．7cm,单果重11g,青熟果深绿色,老熟果鲜红色,商品性好;辣味中等;抗病毒病、炭疽病、疫病等病害;667m^2产鲜椒2000kg左右。适合四川和全国线辣椒各主产区以及其他辣椒产区种植。     

辣椒新品种川腾5号的选育

川腾5号辣椒品种是以自交系2002—57—8—1—2作母本、自交系2003—10—18作父本配制而成的一代杂种。该品种极早熟，首花节位7～11节，从定植到始收青椒平均为60d，比对照湘研11号早1d；株型较紧凑，株高47．5cm，株幅55．6cin×55．6em；果实粗牛角形，长10．8cm，粗4．6cm，果肉厚0．31cm，单果质量48．7g；青熟果绿色，老熟果红色，外观商品性优；肉质脆嫩，微辣；适鲜食；一般每667m2。产量2500kg以上；耐寒、耐旱性强；中抗疫病和病毒病，抗烟青虫、中抗蚜虫。适合四川和全国早熟早春保护地和露地种植。     

辣椒新品种京辣8号的选育

京辣8号是以优良辣椒自交系04-60为母本，以甜椒自交系04-136为父本配制而成的中早熟辣椒一代杂种。中早熟，持续坐果能力强，整个生长季果形保持良好。果实短锥牛角形，以2～3心室为主，青熟果翠绿色，果面光滑。果实纵径约16 cm，横径约5.6 cm，肉厚约0.4 cm，单果质量90～150 g。抗TMV，中抗CMV，对疫病的耐性与对照湘研13号相当。每667 m²产量3 500 kg左右，适于长江流域春秋及秋延后大棚、小拱棚种植。     

辣椒新品种鄂椒1号的选育

以安徽一地方品种牛角椒的优良自交系9702为母本,以湘研10号的优良自交系9710为父本配制成一代杂种鄂椒1号。中熟,果实牛角形,果长11.4cm,果肩宽3.0cm,肉厚0.4cm,平均单果质量40g,果色绿,微辣,商品性好,品质优良,对病毒病、疫病和日灼病的抗性较对照华椒17号强,每667m2产量4000kg左右,适宜露地和油菜、小麦茬后栽培。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Effect of trichosanthes injection on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of vascular smooth muscle cell in rabbit

AIM: To observe the effect of thichosanthes injection on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC). METHODS: The expression of PCNA of cultured rabbit aortic SMC was examined with LSAB immunohistochemical technique, and [³H]-thymidine( [³H]-TdR) incorporation data of SMC and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO), prostacyclin (PGI₂) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) in medium were simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Thichosanthes injection has an effects of increasing SOD activity, decreasing LPO, elevating PGI₂ and cAMP, reducing [³H]-TdR incorporation and expression of PCNA (all P＜0.05,P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Thichosanthes could inhibit SMC proliferation.     

Role of cyclic nucleotides in the acute hypoxic responses of hypoxic subcultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells

AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals.