森林草莓FvbHLH130转录因子调控植株提前开花

分析草莓碱性螺旋—环—螺旋（basichelix-loop-helix,bHLH）转录因子家族,鉴定到森林草莓（Fragaria vesca）花特异表达的转录因子基因FvbHLH130。FvbHLH130编码区序列长度为960 bp,编码319个氨基酸,保守结构域预测结果显示第247～297 aa是bHLH结合域,其属于bHLH家族成员。FvbHLH130启动子含有生长素等激素响应、逆境胁迫和低温响应元件,推测基因表达可能受到生物和非生物胁迫诱导。FvbHLH130蛋白氨基酸序列与月季（Rosa chinensis）的相似性高达93.70%,与其他蔷薇科bHLH蛋白聚在一个分支上,与拟南芥AtFBH4是同源蛋白。农杆菌介导的FvbHLH130拟南芥转基因株系提前7 d开花,且促进开花相关基因AtAP1、AtFT、AtFUL和AtCO的表达。酵母双杂交实验结果表明FvbHLH130与FvARF4和FvARF6互作,可能作为蛋白复合体共同参与开花调控。     

欧洲葡萄VvJAZ9基因互作蛋白的筛选与验证

【目的】探究葡萄JAZ家族基因特点及在低温胁迫下的表达情况，以期筛选出与低温胁迫相关的家族成员，并进一步筛选其互作蛋白，为后续葡萄抗寒机制研究提供理论依据。【方法】以拟南芥和葡萄基因组数据为基础，获得葡萄JAZ家族成员基因并进行同源克隆、染色体定位、理化性质以及蛋白家族聚类等分析，利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术分析VvJAZ家族成员基因在低温胁迫下的表达情况，应用酵母双杂交技术进行互作蛋白筛选和验证，并通过双分子荧光互补试验验证候选互作蛋白与VvJAZ9蛋白的互作关系。【结果】葡萄中有11个JAZ家族基因，随机分布于7条染色体上，都具有JAZ家族蛋白中特有且高度保守的TIFY和Jas结构域，均属于碱性不稳定亲水蛋白；聚类分析表明，葡萄JAZ家族蛋白可分为3个亚族，其中VvJAZ9与拟南芥AtJAZ1和AtJAZ2的亲缘关系最近，VvJAZ1与VvJAZ11、VvJAZ5与VvJAZ6同源关系最近。qRT-PCR结果表明，VvJAZ9是葡萄JAZ家族成员基因中受低温诱导表达最为明显的1个基因。通过酵母双杂交试验筛选获得2...     

辣椒乙烯反应转录因子基因CaJERF1 的克隆及诱导表达

 应用RT-PCR、RACE技术从乙烯诱导的辣椒中克隆到一个乙烯反应（ERF）类转录因子基因,命名为CaJERF1,其全长cDNA序列为1 379 bp,编码375个氨基酸,分子量为41.5 kD,具有一个由59个氨基酸构成的保守的ERF结构域。CaJERF1的AP2域与CaPF的同源性为100%,与JERF1的同源性为99%;全序列与CaPF和JERF1的同源性也分别达到99%和86%,属于ERF家族的第Ⅳ次家族。诱导分析表达结果表明,植物激素乙烯、苿莉酸甲酯以及盐和低温胁迫均可诱导该基因的表达,表明CaJERF1可能参与到多条信号途径中,并在多种逆境胁迫应答中发挥作用。     

柑桔TIFY基因结构特征及响应低温表达分析

TIFY基因家族是一类包含TIFY结构域的植物特有转录因子,与植物的生长发育密切相关,且在非生物逆境响应中起着重要作用。"龟井2501"是温州蜜柑品种"龟井"的一个抗寒芽变品种。基于华中农业大学甜橙基因组数据库(http://citrus.hzau.edu.cn/orange/index.php)数据,分析了3个TIFY基因家族成员(Cs1g17210、Cs1g17220和Cs4g07130)的基因结构特征,并利用qRT-PCR分析了经低温诱导后这些基因在"龟井2501"植株叶片中的表达水平。结果表明,(1)3个TIFY基因含有TIFY结构域和Jas motif,属于JAZ蛋白亚家族基因;(2)3个TIFY基因的启动子含有LTR、DRE core、STRE、TC-rich repeats等逆境相关顺式作用元件以及MeJA(茉莉酸甲酯)响应元件、ABA(脱落酸)响应元件等激素响应相关元件,推测3个TIFY基因可以响应多种非生物胁迫;(3)Cs1g17220和Cs4g07130在果实中高表达,可能与果实发育相关;(4)在"龟井2501"中,3个TIFY基因受低温诱导在早期上调表达,且低温胁迫程度越大,其受诱导上调表达的倍数越高。本研究可为进一步解析TIFY基因家族在柑桔中的作用和功能提供重要线索。     

苹果MdCYP707A家族基因表达分析和MdCYP707A1的功能鉴定

对苹果Md CYP707A家族4个成员的蛋白序列进行比对,并进行保守结构域分析发现,MdCYP707A家族成员都含有细胞色素P450单加氧酶结构域。利用荧光定量PCR检测其在苹果不同组织(根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子)中的表达,4个基因在种子中的表达量最高,并且在果实发育不同时期的表达量有明显差异。在苹果种子吸水膨胀和层积过程中的表达分析表明,MdCYP707A家族成员参与了种子萌发过程中ABA的降解。通过检测MdCYP707A基因对不同非生物胁迫(干旱、盐、渗透胁迫)和对ABA的响应,初步认为其在种子萌发中有重要作用,其中,MdCYP707A1对ABA的响应最为明显。另外,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化的手段,鉴定了MdCYP707A1基因在苹果愈伤组织和拟南芥中的功能,过表达MdCYP707A1能够降低对非生物胁迫的抗性,说明其可能参与ABA的降解过程,同时在拟南芥中异源表达MdCYP707A1能够提高拟南芥种子的萌发率。     

干旱胁迫下葡萄AQP基因家族的鉴定及转录调控网络预测

【目的】探究干旱胁迫下葡萄AQP的转录调控网络,为后续研究葡萄抗旱基因功能和转录调控机制提供理论依据。【方法】通过生物信息学方法分析葡萄AQP基因家族成员的理化性质、系统进化和染色体定位,进行共线性分析和转录因子调控预测,通过转录组数据分析该基因家族在干旱胁迫和脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)处理下的表达情况。【结果】37个VvAQP基因主要分为PIP、TIP、NIP、SIP四类,分别分布在17条染色体上,复制分析结果表明,共有5对节段复制和2对串联复制。蛋白序列分析表明,每个VvAQP蛋白序列中均有1个植物AQP主要内在蛋白(major intrinsic proteins,MIP)的保守结构域特征。通过转录调控网络预测发现,靶向VvAQP基因的转录调控因子主要分为16类。干旱胁迫下,根和叶中大部分VvAQP基因表达持续下调,VvPIP2-3、VvPIP2-6在根中持续上调,7个VvAQP基因受ABA显著诱导。干旱胁迫下15个差异表达的转录因子可能与13个VvAQP基因存在调控关系。【结论】鉴定并提供了葡萄AQP基因家族成员的基本信息,通过转录组数据发现可能参与干旱胁迫的VvAQP基因,并预测了这些基因的转录调控网络。     

蝴蝶兰AP2/ERF家族基因的克隆及在低温下表达特性分析

用RT-PCR方法从‘大辣椒’蝴蝶兰叶片中克隆得到4个AP2/ERF家族基因，命名为PhAP2/ERF1 ~ PhAP2/ERF4。蛋白结构域和序列比对发现PhAP2/ERF1 ~ PhAP2/ERF4均含有1个AP2结构域， PhAP2/ERF2还含有1个B3结构域。进化树分析表明4个蛋白与兰科AP2/ERF家族成员亲缘关系最近，PhAP2/ERF1属于AP2/ERF家族DREB亚家族中的A1类，PhAP2/ERF2属于RAV亚家族，PhAP2/ERF3属于ERF亚家族的B4类，PhAP2/ERF4属于DREB亚家族中的A2类。用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测低温驯化和低温胁迫条件下PhAP2/ERF1 ~ PhAP2/ERF4在‘大辣椒’和‘富乐夕阳’蝴蝶兰叶片中的表达特性，结果表明：4个基因在‘大辣椒’叶片中的表达趋势一致，表达量在低温胁迫早期达到最高，在胁迫中晚期有所下降；而4个基因在‘富乐夕阳’叶片中的表达趋势有较大差异，PhAP2/ERF1和PhAP2/ERF2的表达在低温处理整个过程中没有被诱导或仅有较小幅度增加，PhAP2/ERF3对低温的响应时间显著晚于‘大辣椒’，PhAP2/ERF4的表达趋势与‘大辣椒’差异较小。蝴蝶兰AP2/ERF在抗冷品种‘大辣椒’和不抗冷品种‘富乐夕阳’叶片中的表达差异暗示AP2/ERF基因家族在蝴蝶兰低温胁迫响应中起重要调控作用。     

香蕉海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因MaTPS2克隆及表达特性分析

在获得MaTPS2基因全长序列的基础上,采用同源序列比对、聚类分析、实时定量PCR等技术初步探讨香蕉MaTPS2基因的功能。从香蕉A基因组中获得一条3 277bp MaTPS2全长序列,包含一个完整的开放阅读框1 344bp,编码蛋白含447个氨基酸。其氨基酸理化性质分析表明,MaTPS2蛋白属于不稳定疏水性蛋白,具有一个结构域GT1-TPS。通过与已知植物的TPS氨基酸同源序列比对,同源性达77.95%。系统发育树进化关系分析表明,MaTPS2编码的氨基酸序列与银杏TPS氨基酸序列(AAX16014.1)邻近,说明二者的亲缘关系较近。器官特异性分析表明,MaTPS2在香蕉植株的根、球茎、假茎、叶、花各器官中均有表达,其中在球茎、假茎和叶中表达量较多,在果实中表达量较低。在ABA、干旱、盐害和枯萎病菌胁迫处理下,MaTPS2表达量升高,在ACC胁迫处理下,MaTPS2表达量显著下降,而低温胁迫条件下,MaTPS2表达不响应。由此推导,MaTPS2可能参与调控香蕉抗旱、抗病机制。植物生长调节剂ACC和ABA胁迫处理说明MaTPS2的表达可能受激素蛋白间接调控。     

苹果MdCBL家族基因表达分析及MdCBL1的功能鉴定

利用生物信息学的方法,对10个苹果MdCBLs家族蛋白的功能域进行预测,并与拟南芥AtCBLs家族的10个蛋白进行了系统进化分析,同时对苹果MdCBLs基因进行了系统的命名。利用qRT-PCR,检测了苹果MdCBLs基因在不同组织的表达及对非生物胁迫(包括盐、低温、ABA、干旱)的响应,结果表明,MdCBLs在苹果不同组织及非生物胁迫中起重要作用。另外,通过遗传转化苹果愈伤组织鉴定了MdCBL1在盐胁迫中的功能,MdCBL1过量表达明显提高了转基因愈伤组织的盐胁迫抗性。     

光皮桦BBX类基因BlCOL13的克隆与表达分析

利用RACE、RT-PCR以及基因组步移技术克隆得到光皮桦BlCOL13全长cDNA（GenBank登录号：KP663425）、全长DNA及其启动子序列。该基因DNA全长2 808 bp,具有4个外显子,3个内含子;cDNA全长1 370 bp,包含1 140 bp的开放阅读框,编码含379个氨基酸的蛋白。BlCOL13蛋白N、C端分别有两个B-box和一个CCT结构域,属于典型的BBX蛋白。以拟南芥中BBX蛋白的分类为参照,通过聚类分析表明BlCOL13属于Ⅱ型BBX蛋白;克隆得到的BlCOL13启动子序列长685 bp,含有多个与成花、光响应、激素信号转导以及逆境胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。亚细胞定位试验结果表明该基因主要在细胞核中表达。不同组织中该基因都有一定程度的表达,但在雄花中表达量最高。低温、干旱、ABA和盐胁迫等非生物逆境都在一定程度上诱导BlCOL13的表达,盐胁迫的影响最为明显,表明该基因在光皮桦逆境响应中可能发挥比较重要的作用。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.