芥菜种质资源的RAPD和ISSR分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对28份芥菜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,20个RAPD引物共扩增出162条清晰的谱带,其中140条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.0条多态性谱带.18个ISSR引物共扩增出143条清晰的谱带,其中多态性谱带124条,平均每个引物扩增出6.9条多态性谱带.基于RAPD和ISSR两种标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了28份芥菜资源的聚类树状图.结果表明,RAPD和ISSR分别聚类以及两种标记混合聚类均将28份芥菜种质分为3类:第Ⅰ类群中包括了15份种质;第Ⅱ类群中包括了9份种质;第Ⅲ类群中包括了4份种质.     

基于SCoT 标记的芥菜种质遗传多样性与指纹图谱

利用SCoT 标记对46 份芥菜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从70 条引物中筛选出21 条用于PCR 扩增,共扩增出200 条条带,其中多态性条带140 条,多态性比率为70%。供试材料相似系数介于0.77～0.95 之间,平均Nei’s 基因多样性为0.198,平均Shannon 信息指数为0.301,平均多态信息含量为0.822 7。利用UPGMA 构建46 份芥菜种质资源的聚类树状图,在相似系数D1=0.780 处,可以将46 份芥菜种质分为两大类;而在D2=0.807 处,第Ⅱ类可进一步细分为5 个亚类。选出清晰的16 个多态性位点,构建46 份芥菜种质的SCoT 指纹图谱,结果由引物SP4、SP19、SP20、SP23、SP30 所构建的DNA 指纹图谱可将供试材料完全区分开。     

枇杷属植物及其近缘属植物亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对中国20份枇杷属植物种质资源及其近缘属植物(石楠和石斑木)进行了遗传亲缘关系及分类研究。从300条10碱基随机引物中筛选出24条引物对20份枇杷种质资源的基因组DNA进行扩增,共产生232条谱带,全部为多态性谱带(多态率为100%),表明枇杷属植物种质之间具有丰富的多态性。各种质间的相似性系数为0.33~0.77,并根据相似性系数,利用UPGMA构建了亲缘关系树状图。在相似性系数为0.485时,20份枇杷属植物及其近缘属可分为3大类:所有的枇杷属植物聚在一起构成第1类,而石楠和石斑木分别构成其余2类,这与传统的分类方法一致;但18份枇杷属种质可分为5个亚类,这与枇杷属植物的传统分类法有所不同。初步推论,开花时间和老叶叶背的茸毛可能不是判断枇杷属植物亲缘关系的必要条件,而且枇杷属植物的进化与其生存的地理环境的变迁有着密切联系。     

基于ISSR和SRAP标记的69份红毛丹种质资源DNA指纹图谱构建

利用筛选出的多态性高、谱带清晰的8条ISSR引物和18对SRAP引物分别对海南省保存的69份红毛丹种质资源进行PCR扩增,8条ISSR引物共检测到425条多态性条带,其中品种(系)特异条带47个,平均位点多态性信息含量(PIC值)为0.928,可鉴别的种质资源数25~67份;18对SRAP引物共检测到894条多态性条带,其中品种(系)特异条带69个,平均位点多态性信息含量(PIC值)为0.936,可区分的种质资源数为17~63份。综合各项指标,利用ISSR16和ISSR5引物21个条带用于构建红毛丹种质DNA指纹图谱,该图谱可有效区分69份红毛丹种质资源。     

平菇ISSR遗传多样性分析

以53个平菇菌种为试材,采用ISSR标记技术,对采自多地的平菇材料进行遗传多样性检测,以期为平菇优良品种选育和亲缘关系的研究提供分子生物学依据。结果表明:从27个ISSR引物中共筛选出14个多态性明显的引物;在53份供试材料中共扩增出189条谱带,其中多态性条带189条,多态性为100%;材料间遗传相似系数范围在0.44~0.99,聚类分析结果显示,在0.62水平上53株菌株分为8组,多数菌株之间遗传相似性较低。这表明供试菌株在DNA水平上存在比较显著的遗传变异和丰富的遗传多样性;同时发现供试材料间的聚类与地域无明显相关性。     

贵州地方火龙果芽变种质DNA指纹图谱及遗传多样性的ISSR分析

【目的】为了构建火龙果芽变种质的DNA指纹图谱,并揭示种质间的遗传关系,【方法】以贵州近几年选育的一些优良火龙果种质为试材,采用ISSR标记技术和NTSYS 2.01软件对这些新种质及其原始品种进行分析。【结果】利用筛选出的52条引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出364个清晰、重复性好的标记,其中215个(60%)为多态性标记。M08、845和881等3个引物扩增出的标记能将22份种质区分开来。采用NTSYS 2.01软件计算,供试种质间的相似性系数为0.70~0.96,平均0.81,其中红肉种质间平均值为0.82,白肉为0.89。UPGMA聚类分析显示,在相似系数0.9处可将供试材料分为11类,其中7份分别各自聚类(红肉占86%)。【结论】火龙果体细胞变异率较高,且红肉品种高于白肉品种,通过芽变选种能有效地实现遗传改良。     

冬瓜和节瓜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术对41份冬瓜和节瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从455条随机引物中筛选出23条能产生稳定多态性扩增谱带的引物用于RAPD分析,共产生143条扩增谱带,其中多态性谱带81条,多态性检测率为56.6%,表明冬瓜和节瓜种质资源在分子水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性。用NTSYSpc软件处理RAPD数据,41份材料间的遗传相似系数在0.60～0.99之间。聚类分析结果可将供试材料分为6大类群9个亚类,主坐标分析可将供试材料分为6大类群10个亚类。两种分类方法的结果基本一致。     

山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR标记分析

 利用RAPD和ISSR标记对35份山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.）资源进行了DNA多态性分析。12个RAPD引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中89条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.4条多态性谱带。13个ISSR引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中94条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.2条多态性谱带。基于RAPD和ISSR标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了35份山楂资源的聚类树状图。距离系数分别为0～0.62（RAPD）和0～0.64（ISSR）,表明山楂具有较高的遗传多样性。     

十二份杧果种质亲缘关系的SRAP分析

以12份杧果种质为试材,利用SRAP分子标记技术对其进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明:从36对引物中筛选出22对多态性好的引物,共扩增出251条DNA条带,其中多态性谱带181条,平均每对引物扩增得到15.08条多态性谱带,多态性比率为72.11%。UPGMA聚类表明,所有供试品种(系)之间的亲缘关系都比较近,相似系数在0.77~0.89;如果以相似系数0.78为标准,可将供试的12个品种(系)分为3类。表明利用SRAP技术能较好的区分杧果的亲缘关系;SRAP分子标记适合杧果的DNA遗传多样性分析,可作为杧果种质鉴定依据之一。     

甘肃42份枣种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术对甘肃省42份枣种质资源的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:筛选出8条引物共扩增出76条DNA谱带,其中多态性谱带70条,多态性位点比率92.0%;按照42份枣种质间的遗传距离构建UPGMA聚类图,42份枣种质被划分为4个大类、10个亚类,遗传多样性处于较高水平;从聚类结果看,原产自甘肃省的枣品种遗传背景相似,主要根据原产地进行聚类,目的性品种交换现象较少。另外,对6个未知身份的枣品种进行了初步鉴定。     

部分杧果品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

ISSR技术分析了38个杧果(Mangifera indica L. ) 品种的亲缘关系。从60条ISSR引物中筛选出10条重复性好、扩增带型清晰的引物, 共扩增出79条可重复性带, 多态性带比例为86.7%。扩增结果可区分38个品种中的37个(含红金龙或贵妃之一) 。各品种间遗传距离在0～0.682之间, 平均为0.393。UPGMA聚类将供试品种分成了5类。对分类结果进行了讨论。     

Genetic diversity analysis of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) germplasm based on RAPD and ISSR markers

A global collection of ginger germplasm consisting of 46 accessions were characterized using two types of molecular markers, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). UPGMA dendrograms constructed based on three similarity coefficients, i.e., Jaccard's, Sorensen–Dice and Simple Matching using the combined RAPD and ISSR markers placed the accessions in four similar clusters in all the three dendrograms revealing the congruence of clustering patterns among the similarity coefficients and a rather less genetic distance among the accessions. Improved varieties/cultivars are grouped together with primitive types. Moreover, in the clustering pattern of the accessions, a geographical bias was also evident implying that germplasm collected from nearby locations especially with vernacular identity may not be genetically distinct. The clustering of the accessions was largely independent of its agronomic features.     

Assessment of genetic diversity in cashew germplasm using RAPD and ISSR markers

Diversity and genetic relationship in 100 cashew germplasm accessions were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. Using 10 selected RAPD primers 60 bands were generated, of which 51 bands were polymorphic (85%), and with 10 selected ISSR primers 67 amplified bands were observed with 58 polymorphic bands (86.6%). Though both kinds of markers discriminated the accessions effectively, analysis of combined data of markers (RAPD + ISSR) resulted in better distinction of accessions. By combining markers, a total of 127 bands were detected, of which 109 bands (85.8%) were polymorphic and produced on an average of 5.45 polymorphic bands per primer. Primers with high polymorphic information content and marker index were identified for discriminating accessions. High percentage of polymorphism (>85%) observed with different markers indicated high level of genetic variation existing among the accessions. Genetic relationship estimated using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard’s) values between different pair of accessions varied from 0.43 to 0.94 in RAPD, 0.38 to 0.89 in ISSR and 0.43 to 0.87 with combined markers suggested a diversity (dissimilarity) ranging from 6 to 57%, 11 to 62% and 13 to 57% respectively and the diversity skewed around 50% indicated moderate diversity. The cluster analysis with UPGMA method separated the accessions broadly into 13 clusters and in that three into smaller clusters. Some correspondence between the molecular groupings and the morphological clusters were observed. Among the accessions, NRC-142 and NRC-12 were highly divergent and NRC-231 and NRC-232 were genetically similar.     

Genetic variability in wild vs. cultivated Eruca vesicaria populations as assessed by morphological,agronomical and molecular analyses

In this study, the genetic diversity of 50 individuals of rocket, Eruca vesicaria, from five accessions, four of them wild type collected from different parts of Spain and one commercial, were evaluated using morphological, agronomical and inter simple sequence repeat DNA (ISSR) data. Molecular analysis was carried out using the ISSR technique with 20 primers. Out of these 20 primers, nine were polymorphic, producing a total of 395 DNA bands, 247 of which were polymorphic among the accessions. A dendrogram drawn on the basis of a similarity matrix using the UPGMA algorithm revealed that the 50 samples of rocket plants could be classified into three major clusters at a Nei's genetic distance of 0.36. The experiment shows that molecular markers such as ISSR are a good instrument for distinguishing and selecting rocket accessions to group different wild populations. In general, a high variation was observed for most of the 16 morphological and 6 agronomical traits showing significant differences. Some morphological traits such as leaf length, petiole length and lamina width explained 69.1% of the whole variation observed in the populations, and some agronomical traits such as leaf area, nitrate and chlorophyll contents accounted for 65.7%, but the clusters generated by means of agronomical and morphological variables were less evident than when ISSR markers used. Some accessions showed good qualities, such as small leaves, high chlorophyll content, late-flowering or low nitrate content. All these parameters, together with the high degree of genetic homogeneity found, could make the local accessions good candidates for a future breeding programme.     

北京28号桃芽变株系的ISSR和SSR鉴定

品种鉴定是种质资源研究和新品种保护的基础,研究在形态学鉴定的基础上,通过ISSR和SSR标记,对3株北京28号疑似芽变材料及来自同一果园和不同果园对照未变异北京28号进行分子鉴定。结果发现,芽变株系在物候期及果实性状上存在不同程度的变异,50对SSR标记中只有CPPCT022和BPPCT023在对照C2和其他供试样品间...     

佛手种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR 分析

 收集佛手（Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle）13 份、枸橙（C. medica var. yunnanensis Ding）1 份及香椽（C. medica L.）6 份,共20 份种质资源,其中14 份成功引种在佛手资源圃。在对其中 14 份资源生物学特性进行描述的基础上,采用ISSR 分子标记技术对20 份样品进行遗传多样性分析。筛 选出的11 条引物共检测到102 条DNA 条带,其中58 条为多态性条带,多态性条带比率为56.9%。各样 品之间的遗传相似性系数在0.608 ~ 0.990 之间。聚类分析结果表明,当遗传系数为0.798 时,可将供试材 料分为枸橙、香橼和佛手3 个类群,新发现的3 个芽变材料是佛手中一个新的类群。     

Genetic diversity of Chinese natural bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) germplasm using ISSR markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important warm-season turfgrass. Although it is widely distributed in China, studies on the genetic variation and relationship among the large-scale indigenous bermudagrass were relatively insufficient, especially at molecular level. The purpose of this study was to assess the molecular variation and relationship among one commercial cultivar ‘Tift3’ and 95 wild bermudagrass accessions collected from 11 provinces in China by ISSR marker technique. The results indicated that 29 ISSR primers generated a total of 248 bands among which 242 (97.6%) were polymorphic bands. The genetic similarity coefficients among accessions ranged from 0.51 to 0.97 with an average of 0.74. All accessions could be clustered into 11 groups with UPGMA method. Accessions from the same or adjacent regions generally were clustered into the same group or subgroups. A few accessions, however, were greatly different from the majority of all accessions. The results suggested that ISSR marker is an effective tool for the study of genetic variation in Chinese natural bermudagrass.     

苦瓜种质资源ISSR遗传多态性分析

利用ISSR分子标记对30份苦瓜种质进行遗传多态性分析,从23个引物中筛选出13条重复性好,条带清晰的引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出79条带,其中58个为多态性条带,占总带数的73.4%,每个引物扩增的条带数为4~10条,平均6.07条。对ISSR结果进行聚类分析,结果表明,30份苦瓜种质间的遗传距离为0.025~0.520。在遗传距离为0.21处可将30份苦瓜种质划分成6个品种群,其亲缘关系与种质地理分布和植物学性状特征等有一定关联。     

菠萝蜜遗传多样性的ISSR分析

用ISSR标记方法对76份菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)种质资源DNA的遗传多样性进行了检测,24个引物共检测到477条带,其中427条具多态性(占89.52%),平均PIC为0.23,24个引物能把76份种质完全区分开来。遗传距离分析结果显示供试种质的遗传多样性较低,在DNA水平上的遗传相似系数为0.626～0.945,平均为0.775。聚类分析表明,76份菠萝蜜材料在遗传距离系数为0.752处可分为4大类,其中热带植物园的种质WJ2和GSYWJ1与其他种质的遗传距离相对较大,干胞和湿类型不能独立聚类。另外各地区的种质与雷州半岛种质明显分开聚类,而雷州半岛各地区的种质混杂聚类在一起,不能按地区单独聚类。