外源糖对香雪兰切花活性氧平衡的影响

以香雪兰园艺品种‘上农金皇后’为试材,将其鲜切花瓶插于6%葡萄糖溶液和蒸馏水(对照)中,研究其瓶插期间花瓣抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化水平的变化。结果表明:整个花序的观赏期为10d左右,而单朵小花瓶插寿命却不足1周。花瓣吸水量在瓶插期间发生明显变化,表现为在瓶插前期下降,7d后有所回升。对照中可溶性蛋白质含量呈逐渐下降趋势,添加了6%葡萄糖溶液的处理在瓶插第4天出现1个峰值后其含量才逐渐下降,直到瓶插末期。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在瓶插期间变化趋势一致,均为先上升后下降的过程。过氧化物酶(POD)活性在整个瓶插期间持续上升,在花序中不同部位活性存在差异,基部最高,上部最低。花瓣中丙二醛(MDA)含量随瓶插时间增加而上升,同一瓶插期基部小花MDA含量高于中上部小花。在瓶插前2d,超氧自由基(O·2)含量明显上升,之后有一短暂下降过程,第4天后又逐渐上升;6%葡萄糖溶液处理和对照变化趋势一致,但在瓶插不同时期及花序不同位置上,O·2含量有所差别。综合各因素表明,失水、抗氧化酶活性下降、自由基的积累以及膜脂过氧化水平的增加可能是香雪兰切花衰老的主要原因。     

马蹄莲采后衰老生理特性的研究

以马蹄莲切花为试材,研究瓶插期间衰老生理变化(主要为活性氧代谢)。结果表明:马蹄莲鲜切花瓶插寿命约为7 d;瓶插前2 d马蹄莲切花花瓣超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性略有上升,第3天后,加蔗糖致使花瓣SOD、CAT活性总体水平要高于对照(蒸馏水处理)。瓶插期间花瓣过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈上升趋势,但可溶性蛋白质含量持续下降。     

红掌切花瓶插期衰老生理的初步研究

对红掌切花在瓶插衰老过程中的水分平衡值、鲜重、可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明:红掌切花在瓶插过程中,水分平衡值由正值变为负值;鲜重和可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化呈先上升后下降的趋势;丙二醛(MDA)含量在瓶插过程中一直呈上升趋势。     

一氧化碳对切花月季瓶插寿命和抗氧化代谢的影响

 研究了不同浓度(0.001、0.01和0.1μmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源一氧化碳(CO) 供体高铁血红素(Hematin, H) 对切花月季‘影星’的瓶插寿命和抗氧化代谢的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, CO供体在0.001～0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}范围内, 随使用浓度的提高延长了切花月季的瓶插寿命, 其中0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}处理效果最明显, 而0.1μmol·L ^{- 1}的处理反而缩短切花月季的瓶插寿命。进一步研究发现, H 0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}处理还不同程度地上调前期过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性, 显著降低MDA含量。     

不同保鲜剂对玫瑰切花保鲜及生理效应的调控

以玫瑰切花为试材,研究了不同浓度的6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)、赤霉素(GA)、水杨酸(SA)对玫瑰切花瓶插寿命和最大花径、花枝鲜重变化率、水分平衡值、可溶性蛋白质含量和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:玫瑰切花花枝鲜重基本呈先升后降的趋势;随瓶插时间的延长,水分平衡值由正值降为0,再降为负值;可溶性蛋白质含量前期上升后期下降;丙二醛含量持续上升。其中200mg/L SA+3%蔗糖+300mg/L柠檬酸处理下玫瑰切花保鲜期最长达到17.8d,比对照延长7d,花径最大达到6.51cm,比对照增大2.06cm;花枝鲜重变化率在11d时仍高于起始鲜重,比对照延长7d;可溶性蛋白质含量最高;丙二醛含量最低,适合作为玫瑰切花的保鲜剂。     

月季切花瓶插期生理变化与衰老关系的研究

月季切花瓶插期间花瓣中可溶性蛋白质在瓶插初期增加，后期下降。采后花瓣中总游离氨基酸和游离碱性氨基酸含量逐渐上升，游离酸性氨基酸在瓶插前期变化波动不定，但当花瓣衰老时急剧增加。保鲜剂处理（2%蔗糖 250ppm8-HQ 500ppm柠檬酸 25ppmAgNO3）能降低氨基酸的上升幅度。花瓣衰老过程中游离氨含量和组织pH值上升，花青素含量下降，保鲜剂处理能阻碍游离氨和pH值的增加，但加快了花青素下降的速率。本文还讨论了切花衰老时花瓣蓝变的原因。     

瓶插小苍兰切花保鲜液试验初探

以蔗糖、8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、Ca(NO3)2等配制的保鲜液对小苍兰切花进行综合保鲜效果试验,调查各保鲜液对小苍兰瓶插寿命、水分平衡、鲜重变化、观赏值的影响。结果表明:4种保鲜液均能延长小苍兰切花的瓶插寿命,即显著提高日平均观赏值,改善小苍兰切花水分吸收状况。综合效果看,2%蔗糖+0.1%Ca(NO3)2+200 mg/L 8-HQ+100 mg/L柠檬酸的配方对于延缓小苍兰鲜切花的衰老最为有效,切花瓶插寿命比对照延长了4 d。     

复合香辛料浸提液对切花菊保鲜效果的影响

以切花菊为试材,通过响应面优化分析,研究了八角、丁香、甘草复配保鲜剂对切花菊保鲜时间、鲜重、水分平衡值和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响,优选八角、丁香、甘草最佳复配保鲜剂,为切花菊保鲜技术提供参考。结果表明:采用八角、丁香、甘草3种香辛料,以质量比为5.69∶3.38∶3.82复配作为切花菊保鲜剂,利于延长切花菊瓶插时间,推迟达到最大花径时的瓶插时间,增加鲜重,改善切花菊体内的水分状况,抑制POD活性上升,保鲜效果显著。     

水杨酸和6-BA对非洲菊切花保鲜的研究

用含有水杨酸和6-BA的保鲜液对非洲菊切花保鲜效果及其水分平衡值、膜的相对透性、过氧化物酶的活性以及游离脯氨酸的含量进行了研究.结果表明:水杨酸可以代替8-羟基喹啉做为保鲜液的基本成分;含有20～70 mg/L 6-BA的处理均能延长非洲菊切花的瓶插寿命,增加花枝鲜重,增大花径、花长;改善切花的水分状况,降低花瓣膜相对透性,降低脯氨酸含量,增加过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,其中处理T1:2%蔗糖 50 mg/L水杨酸 20 mg/L 6-BA效果最佳.     

分根区交替灌溉对百合鲜切花生理变化和质量的影响

研究了分根区交替灌溉（APRI）和施用钾肥对亚洲型百合鲜切花质量及其瓶插期间生理变化的影响。结果表明，采收时APRI处理的切花形态指标与常规均匀灌溉（CI）之间差异不明显，但一般优于部分根干燥灌溉（PRD）。此外，APRI处理的切花寿命比CI处理延长1～1．5d。切花当天和瓶插期间APRI处理的切花百合叶片和花被片中淀粉和可溶性糖含量高于CI和PRD处理，且APRI可减缓瓶插期间鲜切花叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉含量的下降。此外，施用适量钾肥提高百合叶面积、叶片数、株高以及延长切花寿命1～1.5d；且能增加采收时鲜切花叶片和花被片中可溶性糖和淀粉含量，但降低花被片中丙二醛（MDA）含量，还可减缓瓶插期间鲜切花叶片和花被片中可溶性糖、淀粉含量的下降和MDA含量的升高。上述结果表明，分根区交替灌溉和施用钾肥有利于糖的积累，并在一定程度上减缓丙二醛的积累，这将可能延缓亚洲型黄百合切花的衰老和提高切花的品质。     

B9和6-BA对黄姜花切花保鲜效果的研究

以黄姜花切花为试材,研究了不同浓度的B9与6-BA保鲜液对黄姜花切花在瓶插期间的鲜重变化率、瓶插寿命的影响。结果表明:添加B9或6-BA的保鲜液能使花枝的鲜重变化率下降变缓,延长切花的瓶插寿命,提高黄姜花切花瓶插的观赏品质。其中以处理10 mg/L 6-BA的保鲜液的保鲜效果最佳,其次为处理300 mg/L B9的保鲜液,均比对照瓶插寿命延长4 d。     

不同瓶插保鲜剂对香石竹切花保鲜效果研究

采用4种不同瓶插保鲜剂配方对香石竹切花保鲜效果进行了比较研究。结果表明:4种瓶插保鲜剂均明显改善了香石竹切花体内水分状况,花朵开放度增大,切花瓶插寿命延长,POD酶活性提高,细胞膜透性增加延缓。处理A(3%蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQ+40 mg/L苯甲酸+300 mg/L青霉素)、处理B(3%蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQ+40 mg/L苯甲酸+100 mg/L赤霉素)、处理C(3%蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQ+40 mg/L苯甲酸+50 mg/L 6-BA)效果更加明显。处理A、处理B和处理C在延长切花瓶插寿命、提高POD酶活性上无明显差异,但处理A和处理C在增大花径、改善水分平衡和降低细胞膜透性方面要优于处理B。在延缓膜透性增加上,处理C的效果更佳。     

Improving the postharvest performance of cut spray ‘Prince’ carnations by vase treatments with nano-silver and sucrose

The postharvest performance of cut spray-type carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is often limited by the opening, longevity, and coloration of individual florets, and is apparently related to water stress and sugar deficiency. In this study, we found that, compared with deionised water-treated controls, the vase life of cut spray ‘Prince’ carnations was extended by 2.1–4.6 days when held in vase solutions containing1–5 mg L^–1 nano-silver (NS). Moreover, combination treatments with 5 mg L^–1 NS and 2%, 3%, or 4% sucrose consistently further prolonged the vase life, prominently promoted floret opening, and increased the bright pink coloration of petals, thereby markedly enhancing quality performance. Overall, the 5 mg L^–1 NS plus 3% sucrose treatment provided the longest vase life extension (6.6 days) compared with the control, and significantly increased the anthocyanin content in floret petals. Besides, we also showed that the treatment with 5 mg L^–1 NS alone or 5 mg L^–1 NS plus 3% sucrose significantly enhanced their vase solution uptake and relative fresh weight. Further, scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the NS vase treatments evidently alleviated vascular occlusion by inhibiting bacterial colonisation and biofilm formation on their stem-end cut surfaces and in the xylem vessels.     

荷兰唐菖蒲品种适应性试验初报

在重庆江津的引种试验表明,2月上旬播种的荷兰唐葛蒲品种,自然状态下5月中旬开始开花,生育期100～120天。花茎长度、单穗花数分别超过70厘米和10朵的标准,3700个种球产切花5735枝。翌早新球花质及切花产量表现也较稳定。采后试验衣明,瓶插寿命达9天以上,保鲜液处理可延长5～7天,冰箱湿贮可再延长采后寿命7天。初步认为,荷兰唐(?)定的商业栽培适应性。     

Genetic improvement of vase life of carnation flowers by crossing and selection

We used conventional cross-breeding techniques to develop many carnation lines with long vase life and either low ethylene production or low ethylene sensitivity. Two cycles of selection and crossing to improve vase life led to a 3.6-day increase in mean vase life. All 39 selected lines had significantly longer vase life than the control cultivar, ‘White Sim’. In particular, second-generation lines 63-3, 63-12, 66-15, and 63-41 had a mean vase life of more than 15 days without chemical treatment. Measurements of ethylene production indicated that flowers of all second-generation selected lines had a greatly reduced capacity to produce ethylene. We screened three lines (515-10, 64-13, and 64-54) with low ethylene sensitivity. Evaluation by exposure to ethylene at high concentration showed that 64-13 and 64-54 were less sensitive to ethylene than ‘Chinera’, which is known for it low sensitivity. The vase life of these low-sensitivity lines was about twice that of ‘White Sim’. The extended vase life of selected lines was related to low ethylene production at flower senescence rather than to degree of ethylene sensitivity in young flowers. Ethylene sensitivity decreased with the age of the flower in many selected lines. The results clearly show that vase life of carnation flowers can be extended by crossing and selection.     

钙对牡丹切花保鲜效果的影响

以"菱花湛露"为试材,研究在基本保鲜液中添加硝酸钙、氯化钙对牡丹切花瓶插过程中瓶插液对瓶插寿命、花枝鲜重变化率等指标的影响。结果表明:3%蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQ+300 mg/L柠檬酸+400 mg/L硝酸钙+100 mg/L氯化钙能显著延长瓶插寿命达8.7 d,该保鲜液能使瓶插花枝鲜重变化呈平稳缓速上升态势,推迟下降时间,从而延迟萎蔫出现时间。     

Evaluation and improvement of post-harvest performance of cut Viburnum tinus inflorescence

Post-harvest performance of cut viburnum inflorescences was examined in the present study. Harvesting viburnum at three developmental stages resulted in significant differences on flower opening rate (FOR) and flower abscission rate (FAR), but not on vase life. Harvesting at Stage III (>50% open flowers) resulted in highest flower opening percentage, whereas harvesting at Stage I (10–30% open flowers) in significantly lower flower abscission percentage. Pulsing with 20 or 40 mg/l AgNO₃ for 24 h extended vase life by 1.6 and 1.9 days, respectively, compared to the controls. Furthermore, flower abscission was significantly reduced after 20 or 40 mg/l AgNO₃ treatments by 51 and 62%, respectively, compared to the controls. In contrast, vase solutions containing 100 mg/l DICA or 100 and 200 mg/l methanol did not extend vase life of cut viburnum inflorescences, but significantly reduced flower abscission. Vase solutions containing 1 or 2% (w/v) sucrose negatively affected vase life, flower opening and flower abscission of viburnum inflorescence. Post-harvest treatments with 1-MCP at 10 μl/l in an ethylene-free environment resulted in extension of vase life and in significant reduction of FAR and respiration rates compared to the controls. Vase life of 1-MCP treated inflorescences was increased by 4.2 days compared to the controls. FAR of 1-MCP treated inflorescences remained significantly lower from the second to the eighth day of the vase life period.