美国杏李人工授粉试验初报

美国杏李中一些品种不能自花授粉,生产上表现为只开花不结果,必须配置授粉树或人工辅助授粉。授粉方法为:用2.5kg蔗糖+0.15kg硼砂+20g花粉+50kg水配成溶液树冠喷雾。各授粉品种组合、授粉效果优劣的排列顺序依次为:风味皇后♀×恐龙蛋♂>风味皇后♀×味厚♂>风味皇后♀×味王♂。     

美国杏李人工授粉试验初报

美国杏李中一些品种自花授粉不结实,必须配置授粉树或进行人工辅助授粉。授粉方法,用2.5kg蔗糖 0.15kg硼砂 20g花粉 50kg水配成溶液喷雾。各授粉品种组合、授粉效果从优到劣的排列顺序为:风味皇后♀×恐龙蛋♂、风味皇后♀×味厚♂、风味皇后♀×味王♂。     

杏李人工授粉试验

杏李不同品种的人工授粉对比试验和授粉方法的试验结果表明:用花粉混合液(蔗糖2.5kg 硼砂0.15kg 花粉20g 水50kg)喷雾法授粉效果最好,平均单株结果38.8个;各组合的授粉效果优劣顺序为:风味皇后×恐龙蛋、风味皇后×味厚、风味皇后×味王。     

杏李种间杂交品种适宜授粉组合筛选试验

针对杏李种间杂交新品种自花结实率低的问题,对目前4个杏李主栽品种的花质量、花期和花粉活性进行了调查测定,并进行了适宜授粉组合的筛选试验。结果表明,不同品种的花质量、花粉活力、不同授粉组合的坐果率均存在较大差异;各主栽品种的适宜授粉品种为:风味玫瑰的适宜授粉品种为恐龙蛋和风味皇后;风味玫瑰和风味皇后给恐龙蛋授粉效果较好;味帝的适宜授粉品种为风味玫瑰、恐龙蛋和风味皇后;恐龙蛋、风味皇后和味王给味厚授粉效果较好。     

不同李品种花粉对杏李坐果率的影响

以风味皇后和恐龙蛋2个杏李品种为试材,研究了大石早生、黑宝石、小黄李和蓝宝石4个李品种花粉对其坐果率的影响。结果表明：风味皇后和恐龙蛋2个杏李品种的自花授粉坐果率均为0,说明2品种自花不实,属异花结实果树。用大石早生和黑宝石的花粉为风味皇后授粉,坐果率分别为13.33%和5.83%,均极显著地高于风味皇后自花授粉的坐果率,且均能达到生产上要求的产量,认为上述2个李品种均可作为风味皇后的授粉树。而以小黄李和蓝宝石2个李品种为风味皇后授粉及该研究的4个李品种为恐龙蛋授粉,坐果率均为0,认为小黄李和蓝宝石2个李品种不能作为风味皇后的授粉树;而该研究的4个李品种不能作为恐龙蛋的授粉树。     

杏李品种授粉亲和性研究

【目的】探究不同杏李品种的授粉亲和性,为杏李的授粉树合理配置提供依据。【方法】以3种杏李为母本,互相授粉,并以2个李品种及2个杏品种作父本,通过观察花粉量、花粉活力、坐果率及花粉管生长状况,探讨其授粉亲和性。【结果】‘赛买提’的花粉量最高,‘风味皇后’的花粉活力最高,‘味帝’的活力极低;3种杏李自花授粉坐果率极低;‘风味皇后’ב恐龙蛋’、‘风味皇后’ב美丽李’、‘恐龙蛋’ב风味皇后’、‘恐龙蛋’ב女神’、‘味帝’ב风味皇后’、‘味帝’ב恐龙蛋’及‘味帝’ב赛买提’的坐果率较高,花粉管较早到达花柱基部;‘风味皇后’ב味帝’、‘恐龙蛋’ב味帝’及‘味帝’ב美丽李’、‘味帝’ב女神’的坐果率差,花粉管不易深入花柱。【结论】‘风味皇后’和‘恐龙蛋’可互为授粉树,2者与‘赛买提’均适合作‘味帝’的授粉树;‘美丽李’和‘女神’适宜作‘风味皇后’及‘恐龙蛋’的授粉树;而‘味帝’不适宜作为授粉树。     

栽植美国杏李应注意哪些问题——兼答陕西读者杜铁则

品种选择根据本地引种观察．以风味玫瑰、味帝、恐龙蛋、味厚为主栽品种较适宜；味馨几乎是杏，与同期成熟的红丰、金太阳杏相比，个头小，果锈重，应控制发展；风味皇后和味王，成熟前雨水过多时裂果严重，故应选择年降雨量600mm以下地区发展。美国杂交杏李白花授粉坐果率低，生产上要选择花期相遇，且相互授     

五龙红苹果幼树早期丰产技术

五龙红是新选育优良短枝型苹果品种。近年来,我区发展约1万亩,占苹果幼树的50%,其中:(1)董家埠120亩,1983年建园,地势平坦;共栽五龙红8900株,授粉品种金矮生2000株:栽植方式是8行主栽品种,2行授粉品种,株行距2.5 × 3m,亩栽89株。 1985年3年生时,开花株率60%,总产果1000kg,平均亩产100kg;至1988年(6 年生)全园总产量17.5万kg,平均亩产1508.5kg,市外贸部门收购出口后单价比普通红星高0.3元。(2)五龙涧村200亩,是典型的山地果园,株行距2.5 ×3.8m:授粉品种金矮生、秋红。4—6年生,平均亩产125kg,平均单价比普通红星高0.20元。 现将五龙红苹果…     

御石榴早期丰产栽培技术

御石榴是陕西省乾县著名地方石榴良种,以其独特的风味享誉全国。以往由于石榴生产未得到应有的重视,该品种在当地仅零星散植于庭院,为扩大其生产规模,本人于1998～2003年在乾县柳池村进行了御石榴早期丰产栽培试验。试验园面积0.8hm2,行株距4m×3m,授粉品种为临潼甜石榴,主栽品种和授粉品种的配置比例为8∶1。试验园第3年开始结果,第4、5年每667m2产量分别为875、1100kg。现将技术要点总结如下。(1)科学建园栽植前1年秋季挖80cm×80cm×80cm的定植穴,栽前穴施优质农家肥150kg。定植时先将苗木根系在清水中浸泡24小时,使根系充分吸水。栽后及…     

几个美国杏李品种的引种初报

2001年春引进7个美国杏李品种试栽。风味玫瑰、味帝、味厚和恐龙蛋等4个品种表现果大、色泽艳丽、风味佳、品质好。5月底至8月12日前后成熟，早实性强，栽后第2年全部结果，第3年平均株产7．6—13．6kg。但味帝采前裂果较重，在粘重土壤上应起垄栽培，并注意排水。味馨、风味皇后和味王等3个品种．或因果小、果锈重，或因采前裂果严重，无商品价值，不适宜在南阳发展。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.