杉木无性系造林的基本策略和技术要领

杉木无性系造林增产效果显著,采用杉木无性系造林具有实际意义.介绍杉木优良材料的选择、采穗圃营建、无性系造林的基本策略和技术要领,可以为今后杉木优良无性系造林大面积推广提供参考.     

龙胜县杉木无性系选育试验初报

在广西龙胜县进行杉木无性系选育，通过品比试验选出５个杉木优良无性系并示范推广造林。     

杉木无性系造林获大幅度增产

开化县林场经26a的研究、推广杉木无性系造林,广泛开展杉木无性系的选育、杂交、再选育。经初选、中选、复选,从314个杉木无性系中,选育出增产80％以上的无性系10个。该项目先后获得国家发明三等奖,浙江省科技进步一等奖、二等奖,并列入科技部、国家林业局和浙江省推广项目。仅开化林场就已营造0．233万hm^2杉木无性系林。近两年来,开化林场采伐早期营造的314个杉木无性系混合林113．3hm^2,     

杉木13个无性系对炭疽病抗性测定

我省杉木无性系选育研究已见成效,很多优良无性系将转入推广造林。杉木炭疸病是杉木的严重病害之一,在推广其优良无性系之前,对其抗病性进行调查和测定,是个不可忽视的问题。为了探讨杉木无性系抗病能力的差异,1987年,我们对本所在靖县排牙山林场消水坑无性系测定林中的13个无性系,进行了测定,现整理如下。一、材料与方法供试菌种为当年3～4月份从杉木感病针叶上分离新鲜菌种,经纯化繁殖所得。供试无性系有:1.靖县排牙山林场种子园优良半同胞家系转化的8个无性系,代号     

肇庆市国营林场系统杉木无性系选育推广策略

肇庆市国营林场公司在属下的１２个林场中，采用广泛收集杉木优良无性系材料、群策群力进行在采萌圃、扦插育苗和造林测定，抓住重在筛选这一关键环节，使杉木无性系选育推广工作得到很大发展，并提出了今后设想。     

杉木无性系育苗造林技术

本文总结了近几十年的研究结果，详细阐述了杉木无性系繁殖、育苗和造林的各技术环节，为杉木无性系的大面积造林提供了技术保障。     

杉木优良无性系选择研究

杉木作为南方主要用材树种,由于连作使得杉木严重退化已成为公认事实,解决此问题的方法之一是采用优良无性系造林.采用苗期选优法进行无性系选择,田间设计采用改良对比法和随机区组法,对湖南省金洞林场杉木优良无性系进行了选择研究.结果表明,杉木无性系选择年龄应在中龄,而且要求树高和胸径同时显著大于对照的无性系才能入选为优良无性系.     

杉木无性系试验初步研究

通过３－５年生２５７个杉木无性系的分年度的试验测定，结果表明，参试无性系之间的遗传差异是显著的。初步筛选出的１５个优良无性系，其材积比优良家系对照平均增产８７．４％，这对大面积推广无性系造林打下良好基础。     

连山县杉木优良无性系生长分析

出于探索更高效的杉木丰产林培育技术的目的,在连山首次开展杉木优良无性系造林。从广东省林业科学研究院引入6个杉木无性系,营林700亩,各无性系造林面积100亩-150亩,成活率94%-96.6%;3年的树高、胸径生长量分析显示无性系及本地普通种间存在极显著的差异,各无性系优于本地普通种,无性系间存在的显著差异为筛选适合本地的杉木无性系提供依据。同时开展的杉木无性系造林培训,共培训人员达120人次。     

杉木不同群体转化无性系造林效果分析

报道了杉木不同群体转化无性系６年生、４年生和２年生的造林效果．结果表明，选优群体转化无性系生长最好，对无性系的选育必须充分利用有性改良的成果，在优良群体或家系内选取优良个体繁殖推广，不宜在一般林分或代区内选用混合萌条作无性系繁殖造林．同时揭示出无性系造林存在着明显的早晚相关性，初步筛选出的１１个优良无性系可进一步扩大推广利用．     

Eight hundred years of clonal forestry in China: I. traditional afforestation with Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.)

In China, traditional afforestation and reforestation systems using Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stump cuttings and stecklings (plantable rooted cuttings) have been implemented on a large scale for at least 800 years. These systems employ: extensive site preparation, wide spacing, interplanting with agricultural crops, planting in mosaics of small-family or clonal blocks, small-block clearcut harvesting, and regenerating with cuttings, stecklings, and stump sprouts (coppicing). Clones have been selected to be well adapted to forest sites, and problems with disease and insect infestations have been rare. Traditional methods of producing, storing and planting cuttings, stecklings and stump sprouts are described.     

马关县杉木无性系种子园的管理技术

１９８７年,由部、省、地、县四级在云南省马关县营建６９６ｈｍ２杉木无性系种子园,株行距４ｍ×５ｍ（５００株／ｈｍ２）。１９９１～１９９３年间采用髓心形成层加套袋保护去顶嫁接,建立无性系种子园,尔后开展了一系列的管理,其主要技术有：解袋抹芽;松绑扶正;除萌修剪;补接更新;抚育施肥;病虫害防治;摘除鲜球果等。本文对这些管理技术作了较为详尽的介绍     

成年杉木种子园提质改造无性系选择及容器苗培育技术研究

为提高20世纪80年代后期营建的1.5代杉木种子园遗传品质和种子产量,以子代材积增益、当代种子产量均高为标准,选择用于成年种子园提质改造的优良无性系。经综合评价,选择出了靖大30、靖大35、广洋45等可用于杉木成年种子园提质改造的优良无性系20个。采用随机区组设计的方法开展优良无性系容器育苗试验。结果表明:以高度17 cm、直径19 cm规格的容器,按体积比配置70%泥炭土、25%黄心土、5%珍珠岩的混合基质培育容器砧木苗,在砧木保留3轮底枝的部位进行嫁接,切接或舌接法培育2年生容器嫁接苗成活率达90%以上、苗高达93 cm以上。     

杉木采穗圃营建技术的研究

从1980年起,先后在湖南省零陵地区林科所和江永县高泽源林场营建杉木采穗圃7.5亩。实践表明:杉木采穗圃繁殖系数大、产量高,且技术容易掌握,便于推广,是加速杉木造林良种化的有效途径。同时说明,科学地选择建圃材料,采用浅栽、控制冠幅、弯干和截顶,以及加强对圃地的经营管理,是实现建圃目标,提高穗条产量和质量的关键措施。     

中国杉木研究动态

(单位:千公顷)森林和有林地国家合计疏林郁闭林1.苏联2.巴西3.加拿大4.美国5.4t伊尔6.印度尼西亚7.中国8.澳大利亚9.波利维亚10.印度1 37 0C07 91 600928 600000357 4805 L4 480300820264 100436 4001 95 256298 076,‘O白乃山忆口﹄.︹︺‘.1 .1.走7 LS砖0105了501 77 5903 0001 138951 IG 8951 7 20097 8471 15 04765 085硅1 658106 74322 75044 01066 7605 3935 1 84157 234森林最丰富的10个国家~~…     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacada L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.     

我国杉木无性系选育的成就、问题和对策

经过几十年的科学研究, 我国的杉木无性系选育取得了重大进展, 涉及杉木的生长、形质、抗病和抗虫等方面, 选育了若干优良无性系, 区域化试验的结果揭示杉木无性系与环境存在明显的互作。但是高产优质多抗杉木无性系选育也面临不少问题, 主要是生长与材性, 生长与抗逆性间存在负的遗传相关, 以及无性繁殖中的退化问题等。文中提出了对这一系列问题的解决办法, 讨论出了高产优质多抗杉木无性系选育的方案和技术路线, 并对当前杉木无性系选育中的一些问题提出了对策。     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.