Morphometric study confirms the presence of only <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vatica mangachapoi</Emphasis> on Hainan Island,China

To date only one species of the genus Vatica Linn. (Dipterocarpaceae) has been identified, and a subspecies and three varieties have been reported on Hainan Island, China. However, it remained controversial whether the species was Vatica mangachapoi or a new species Vatica hainanensis, and whether the subspecies or varieties are taxonomically valid. We evaluated here morphometric variations of 133 trees collected from nine populations and herbarium specimens of Vatica spp. using 16 traits of leaf and fruit. Among these, leaf traits varied more within and among populations than did fruit traits. Four traits of ratios were more stable than directly-measured traits within and among populations. The ranges of lamina length, lamina width and height of maximum lamina width point were the greatest among the 16 traits, while number of lateral veins varied least among the 12 directly-measured traits. Measurements from all 9 populations overlapped for each morphological trait, and variation of each trait was continuous among both individuals and populations. The range of variation did not distinguish any specimen from V. mangachapoi as described in the flora of Southeast Asia. By cluster analysis, individuals of each population as well as specimens of each variety formed no distinct clusters. The published varieties thus were characterized by no distinguishing variations in comparison with the nine sampled populations. In conclusion, the new species V. hainanensis as well as the subspecies and varieties were not supported by our comparisons, and only V. mangachapoi without any subspecies or varieties occurs on Hainan Island, China.     

海南岛不同海拔高度青皮林群落结构与多样性

对海南岛不同海拔高度青皮为优势种的群落进行了典型抽样调查,共计调查临时样方13个,总面积2 800m2,分析了不同海拔高度对青皮林群落的物种组成、结构及群落特征的影响。分析结果表明:不同海拔高度青皮群落的优势种组成存在显著差异;青皮成树(DBH≥5cm)重要值和群落多样性与海拔高度呈相反变化趋势;不同海拔高度青皮成树株数各径级分布均呈倒J曲线分布,但差异较大,随海拔高度的升高,倒J曲线越趋于平缓;成树青皮株数、比例和断面积均随海拔高度的升高而减少,青皮平均胸径则随海拔高度的升高而增加。     

尖峰岭国家级自然保护区青皮林资源及其垂直分布特征

尖峰岭国家级自然保护区三分区的青皮林是目前海南岛保存最好的林分之一，其生态系统的原生性较强．组成种类繁多，林分结构合理，平均胸径为28．6cm，最大植株胸径达143．3cm，23个样方中有14个样方出现了胸径≥70cm的大乔木；林木蓄积量高达469．773m^3／hm^2，而青皮、细子龙、野生荔枝、盘壳栎等13个种的蓄积量占总蓄积量的45％，其余301个少见种或偶见种的蓄积量只占55％，反映了青皮是热带常绿季雨林生态系统关键种的现实。青皮与细子龙、野生荔枝等的最佳分布海拔在300m～650m之间，它们与向低海拔分布的白茶、翻白叶和向高海拔分布的大叶白颜、青兰、拟核果茶等一道组成了热带常绿季雨林的表征种类。     

建设海南热带特色园林浅论

文章从自然植被、地方文化和传统建筑特点等方面对建设海南热带特色园林进行初步探讨,并有针对性地推荐青梅（Vatica mangachapoi）等63种优良园林植物用于构建海南热带园林景观。     

海南岛不同海拔高度青皮林天然更新特征

在基于不同海拔高度对青皮林群落的物种组成、结构及群落特征影响分析的基础上,进一步分析不同海拔高度对青皮林天然更新的影响,结果表明:青皮林二级幼树的群落组成、青皮重要值、群落多样性及更新数量与海拔高度的关系与成树有相同的规律;青皮一级幼树高度分布像径级分布一样也呈倒J曲线分布;根据成树和二级幼树重要值排序均为前10位的树种可筛选出天然更新能力及竞争能力均较强的树种的原则,青皮为天然更新能力和竞争能力极强的树种,此外,吊罗山高海拔地区的皱萼蒲桃、白榄、黄樟、海南冬青和岭南山竹子,三亚中海拔地区的光叶巴豆、线枝蒲桃、白树、琼榄、叶被木和岭南山竹子天然更新能力和竞争能力也较强。     

坡垒、青皮在广东树木公园的引种表现

坡垒(Hopea hainanensis)、青皮(Vatica mangachapoi)在广东树木公园引种栽培近60 a,生长表现分析表明:两树种的树高、胸径、冠幅的年平均生长量分别为0.42 m、0.72 cm、0.14 m和0.40 m、0.52 cm、0.10 m,与原产地及勐仑植物园、南宁树木园同龄植株相比,生长速度中等;抽梢期、花期、果熟期、首花首果年龄均比原产地的有所推迟,多数物候指标与勐仑植物园差异不大;采集广东树木公园内种植的坡垒、青皮种子,培育坡垒苗木88株,青皮苗木201株,并分批种回树木园内;园内树木从未发生过明显的病虫害和寒害.表明坡垒、青皮在广东树木公园引种获得成功,建议在南亚热带以南地区大力推广种植.     

龙脑香科树种与红锥、桢楠混交栽培技术研究

龙脑香科 (Dipterocarpaceae) 是我国濒危植物类群，目前野生群落数量急剧下降。人工混交林 模式是拯救濒危植物的有效途径，但目前有关龙脑香科混交林的技术手段尚不完善。文章以 4 种龙脑香 科树种——望天树 (Parashorea chinenesis)、青梅 (Hopea hainanensis)、坡垒 (Vatica mangachapoi)、具翼龙 脑香 (Dipterocarpus alatus) 作为研究对象，分别与红锥 (Castanoposis hystrix) 和桢楠 (Machilus chinensis) 在相同面积的试验地内进行 1:1 数量的混交种植并对两块试验地进行两年（2018-2019 年）相同的补苗、 人工抚育和追肥措施。研究发现与红锥混交种植的龙脑香科树种的树高和地径值显著高于与桢楠混合种 植的龙脑香科树种。此外，4 个龙脑香科树种的长势差异明显：望天树和青梅的树高和地径在红锥混交林 中皆高于桢楠混交林，而坡垒和具翼龙脑香的树高和地径在两块试验地中差异小。     

栀子野生居群叶片和果实性状的表型多样性

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis)为茜草科止血、消肿等作用,在中医临床常用于治疗黄疸型肝(Rubiaceae)栀子属(Gardenia)常绿灌木,广泛分布炎、扭挫伤、高血压、糖尿病等症[2];作为优质的天然于长江以南各省区[1],它是重要的森林食品及药材色素,其提取物常添加在面条、糖果等食品中[3-4];资源。其干燥成熟果实具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、因其果肉含有抗癌作用的藏红花素、藏红花酸、苦红     

海南木莲人工林生物量及养分分配

本文测定并分析了海南尖峰岭地区３０年生的热带乡土树种海南木莲人工林生物量及其估算模型，论述了生物量及其养分分配规律。指出：海南木莲各器官及整株生物量模型以幂函数模型Ｗ＝ａ（Ｄ２Ｈ）ｂ比较理想；全林分的总生物量为１４４．０６６ｔ／ｈｍ２，其中地上部分生物量８９．９３５ｔ／ｈｍ２。乔木层生物量占７８．８１％，林下植物层占２１．１９％；在乔木层中，树干、树叶、树枝、树皮和树根所占的比例分别是５４．１２７％、２．３５４％、７．７６２％、９．３７０％和２６．３８８％；乔木层中，各器官的养分含量，除Ｃａ外，都是叶比其它器官（枝、皮、干、根）的养分含量高许多，Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ５个常量养分元素在海南木莲人工林生物体中的总贮量分别为５５７．７５４，２４．３３０，５９９．９０８，２７５．５５７，６４．１０３ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，各养分贮量在各器官中分布，除Ｐ外，从小到大为树叶、树枝、树皮、树干、树根     

石梅湾青皮林群落结构及天然更新特征

通过样方调查法对石梅湾青皮林群落结构及天然更新特征进行了调查分析,结果显示:过伐林和次生林的特征较明显,过伐林比次生林的青皮断面积和平均胸径分别高53.98%和19.43%,而次生林比过伐林的青皮密度高17.47%;两林分中均为青皮占绝对优势,青皮组成均为95%(断面积),且重要值均高于0.80;次生林和过伐林中青皮的径级结构主要分布在5~20cm径级,其中5~10cm径级株数最多,分别占总株数的74.57%和66.06%;2种林分幼树更新数量充足,但过伐林青皮幼苗更新不足,仅1 550株/hm2;更新幼苗、幼树均呈聚集分布,且聚集程度很高。     

东莞市大岭山森林公园珍稀濒危植物园建设成效初步分析

应用迁地保护的原理和方法,在广东省东莞市大岭山森林公园建立珍稀濒危植物园引种保存了珍稀濒危植物13科17属18种,属国家Ⅰ级重点保护植物有水杉、焕镛木;Ⅱ级重点珍稀濒危植物有鹅掌楸、格木、闽楠、观光木、大苞白山茶、琼棕、青皮、红皮糙果茶、大叶木莲、无翼坡垒、土沉香、降香黄檀、石梓;Ⅲ级重点珍稀濒危植物有蝴蝶果、白桂木,建立了具有相当规模的珍稀濒危植物种质基因库。生长情况表明,珍稀濒危植物在东莞市的迁地保护基本上是成功的。     

海南中部山区什运乡小斑块分布次生林的数量分类

应用DCA排序和TWINSPAN分类方法,将海南中部山区什运乡区域内分布的小斑块次生林划分为7个群落类型:毛叶青冈+香合欢+毛柿群系(Form.Cyclobalanopsis kerrii+Albiza odoratissima+Diospyros strigosa)、枫香+岭南山竹子+黄椿木姜群系(Form.Liquidambar formosana+Garcinia oblongifolia+Litsea variabilis)、黄牛木+九节+青梅群系(Form.Cratoxylumcochinchinense+Psychotria rubra+Vatica mangachapoi)、鸭脚木+木荷+短穗探柯群系(Form.Schefflera octophylla+Schimasaperba+Lithocarpus fenestratus)、长圆叶新木姜+南岛青冈群系(Form.Neolitsea oblongifolia+Cyclobalanopsis insularis)、黧蒴栲单优群系(Form.Castanopsis fissa)、黄叶树+皂帽花+美叶菜豆树群系(Form.Xanthophyllum hainanense+Dasymaschalontrichophorum+Radermachera frondosa)。DCA排序第1轴反映了群系自南向北的空间分布情况和温度变化梯度,第2轴上呈现的环境意义不明显。     

海南霸王岭林区青皮天然林资源与乔木层群落学特征

以海南霸王岭自然保护区3 600m2青皮林样地的调查材料为基础,分析了青皮林群落资源与乔木层群落特征。结果表明:林分平均蓄积量149.49m3/hm2,最高达330.98m3/hm2;平均胸径10.2cm,最大胸径44.0cm;平均树高9.6m。青皮由于相对密度、相对优势度较大,重要值达161.415 9,导致其他物种种类减少,造成群落生物多样性降低。     

Genetic effects of historical anthropogenic disturbance on a long-lived endangered tropical tree <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vatica mangachapoi</Emphasis>

The endangered Vatica mangachapoi, a long-lived, tropical tree with economic and ecological importance found in Hainan, China, was used to assess the hypothesis that historical human activities in Hainan’s tropical rain forest could have negative effects on the genetic diversity of V. mangachapoi. Three hundred and twenty individuals from 11 natural populations—which were classified into three groups according to levels of disturbance—were sampled and analyzed with ISSR markers. Although genetic diversity of V. mangachapoi is high at the species level, it is relatively low within populations. A significant genetic differentiation occurs among different disturbance levels. Significant isolation-by-distance indicated relevant historical anthropogenic changes. Our findings showed that historical human disturbances significantly increase the genetic differentiation and slightly decrease the genetic diversity of long-lived tree V. mangachapoi. Relevant targeting conservation actions were recommended.     

Division of ecological species groups and functional groups based on interspecific association — a case study of the tree layer in the tropical lowland rainforest of Jianfenling in Hainan Island, China

Twenty-three sample plots dominated by Vatica mangachapoi at various elevations in the tropical lowland rainforest in the Jianfengling National Nature Reserve of Hainan Island were established. The interspecific association among the 32 dominant species was analyzed and the division of ecological species groups and functional groups are discussed. The results showed that these dominant populations had an overall positive interspecific association. The species pairs with significant, positive association accounted for only about 10% of the total 496 species pairs. Most of the other species pairs showed weak association or non-association, i.e., the dominant populations investigated had relatively independent distributions. The 32 dominant species were divided into four ecological species groups and ten functional groups according to their interspecific association coefficients, based on a cluster analysis of the species. Recognition characteristics of the ten functional groups are proposed. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(4): 9–16 [译自: 林业科学]     

海南省不同产区对越南油茶栽培性状的影响分析

为了探讨海南省不同产区的越南油茶在农艺性状和经济性状上的差异特点,本文对来自8个不同产区的越南油茶成年实生丰产树样本开展农艺性状和经济性状的调查和测定,比较不同产区间的差异。结果表明,不同产区的单株叶片和果实大小、果皮厚度等农艺性状差异显著,但叶片和果实形状无显著差异;种子数、百粒重、单位树冠面积产量等经济性状差异显著;各产区油茶油的过氧化值、皂化值和碘值差异显著,但酸价无显著差异;各产区油茶油的主要脂肪酸组成相似,但花生酸、花生-烯酸、硬脂酸这些小比重脂肪酸差异显著;理化性质和脂肪酸组成均符合《油茶籽油》(GB/T11765—2018)的质量要求,其中XS、HC、MN和HD等产区的油茶油各有表现特殊的品质因素;对全部样品作聚类分析,聚类结果打破了产区分布特征。可见,环境和基因型通过影响农艺性状如果实和种子大小等产量性状;海南不同产区的油茶油均为优质油,同时不同产区又有其特色;海南产区越南油茶的育种目标以丰产性、稳产性和抗性等的遗传改良为主。     

海南岛尖峰岭热带树木园主要树种的物候研究*

对海南岛尖峰热带树木园保存的降香黄檀、印度紫檀，海南石梓，黄籽孔雀豆、柚木、麻楝、细基丸、千张纸，乌墨、白格、圆果象耳豆、华楹、黑格、非洲楝和大叶档花心木１５个树种与温度、雨量、日照等的环境因子的关系进行了分析，运用多元统计分析的方法，揭示出了对主要物候期影响最大的气象因子是日平均温度、雨量和日平均日照时数，运用系统聚类的方法将１５个树种各物候期分类，其类型确定为：展叶期、开花期、果熟期和叶变色期     

加勒比松变种及种源选择的研究*

两次多点试验表明，加勒比松种内变种间非着极为显著的生长差异，变种与环境之间呈明显的交互作用，在雷州半岛，巴哈马变种和古巴变种生长快，抗逆性强，而洪都拉期变种易受松梢螟及叶枯病危害，表现出很大的不稳定性，在海南岛，巴哈马变种和洪都拉期变种生长较快，古巴变种的生长速度则明显降低。在变种内，巴马变种以巴哈马Abaco岛的天然种源和澳大利亚昆士兰Byfield的次生种源生长最好，我国湛江的次生种源和巴哈马Andros岛的天然种源生长最差。洪都拉斯变种除了LosLimones和SantaClara的种源外，其它均生和好。古巴变种内种源间未表现出明显的生长差异。     

山桐子自然群体表型性状变异分析

山桐子(Idesia polycarpa Maxim.)属大风子科(Flacourtiaceae)山桐子属(Idesia Maxim.)植物,主要分布于我国长江流域、华北和西北南部的17个省区。另外,朝鲜、日本的南部也有分布[1]。山桐子树干通直,树形美观,生长迅速,适应性强,材质优良,3年生实生苗木即可挂果,是我国南方主要城市园林绿化和用材树种之一.研究发现,山桐子果实含油率及油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,而不饱和脂肪酸中尤以亚油酸含量最高[2-3].     

Absence of geographical structure of morphological variation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus oxycedrus</Emphasis> L. subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">oxycedrus</Emphasis> in the Balkan Peninsula

We examined leaf and mature seed cone variation of Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus in 12 natural populations across the species range in the Balkan Peninsula. We measured 10 morphological traits from a minimum of 100 leaves in each of 190 individuals, and two morphological traits from 30–50 seed cones in each of 94 females. High phenotypic variation was found, but no geographical structure or cline across populations was detected for any of the studied traits. Mean values of comparable leaf and cone morphological traits did not differ considerably from values reported elsewhere. Gender dimorphism in leaf morphology was detected, but it was not distributed uniformly throughout the studied area. An ANOVA model with both nested and crossed effects revealed that the largest proportion of the total variation was, as expected, contained within populations, partly as among-tree variation (18–47%, depending on the trait) and partly as within-tree variation (33–77%), which was remarkably high. Gender dimorphism explained only 0–3% of the total variation. Differences among populations (2–23%) were significant for all studied traits except one; however, PCA showed no clear geographical differentiation of the studied populations. This lack of phylogeographical structure may be the consequence of repeatedly occurring colonisation-retreat scenarios and suggests the existence of several small refugial populations scattered over a large part of the Balkan Peninsula in the Pleistocene. Further research including palaeobotanical and molecular genetic studies will be needed to better understand the forces that shaped current variation patterns of J. oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus in the Balkan Peninsula.