南方红豆杉嫩枝扦插育苗技术研究

从南方红豆杉树冠中、上部选取当年或1年生的嫩枝作插穗,按不同时间、不同浓度生长激素处理和不同基质三方面进行试验,结果表明:南方红豆杉可以进行嫩枝扦插,且成活率较高,最高可达87%以上;扦插时间以4月上、中旬最佳;激素处理有利于南方红豆杉扦插生根,但浓度不宜过大,浸泡时间不宜过长,以ABT-1号生根粉3h为宜;在基质选择...     

绿玉树扦插繁殖的研究

通过研究不同生理程度、不同激素处理、不同基质对绿玉树扦插的影响。结果表明：绿玉树可进行嫩枝扦插，其生根率80%以上；激素处理有利于扦插生根，但浓度不宜太高，浸泡时间不宜过长，以ABT6根粉浸泡1h为宜；生理成熟度以一年生木质化和半木质化的最好；在基质选择中，应以肥力条件、透气性、保水等较好的河沙1 珍珠岩1 腐质土1为较好。     

香花槐营养钵嫩枝扦插试验报告

采用不同基质，不同激素浓度对香花槐嫩枝的不同部位、不同剪截时间的插穗分别进行处理，选择出适宜营养钵育苗的扦插繁殖方法，成活率达90％以上。     

山杨根蘖萌生嫩枝扦插繁殖技术(英文)

以山杨优树的根段为繁殖材料进行分层埋根处理，将其根蘖萌生嫩枝扦插繁殖，对影响山杨根蘖萌生嫩枝扦插的因子如发芽率、存活率及高生长进行比较分析。结果表明，最佳埋根基质是珍珠岩，嫩枝萌生率为15.6%；根段直径3-4 cm，嫩枝萌生率高，为12.4%；最佳扦插基质为沙土与土比例为2：1的基质，扦插成活率81.3%，草炭与土比例为1：1的基质对扦插苗高生长效果最好；来源于树干不同位置的扦插苗在高生长上显示出显著差异，嫩枝顶端明显高于中部和下部。     

沙棘嫩枝全光雾插育苗试验初报

从１０年生沙棘优树雌株上采集嫩枝，用生根粉ＡＢＴ１号１００ｐｐｍ溶液处理１ｈ，粗砂粒作扦插基质，进行沙棘嫩枝全光雾插育苗试验。结果表明，在相同激素处理条件下，枝条不同部位的生根率以半木质化的梢部和带棘刺的中部为高，分别为９４．３％和７５．０％；梢部平均根数为５．７条，中部为２．１条；平均根长和最长根长均以中部为最大。     

樟子松扦插繁殖技术的研究

对影响樟子松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓｖａｒ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＬｉｔｖ．）硬枝和嫩枝扦插的内在因子（母树年龄、插穗来源以及采条时间等）和外在因子（激素种类、浓度、扦插基质、营养液及温湿度等）进行了广泛研究，选出了樟子松扦插的最佳处理方法，其硬枝扦插成活率达６３．３％，嫩枝扦插成活率达７８％。扦插成活苗的大田移植成活率达９６％以上。     

桂花嫩枝扦插繁殖技术试验

2013年6月在福建邵武市苗圃对桂花进行了当年生半木质化嫩枝扦插繁殖试验。采用不同生根促进剂、不同浓度,以及不同扦插基质处理。6个月后结果表明:桂花的嫩枝扦插生根率有显著差异,生根数量及根长等生根性状未达显著差异水平;桂花嫩枝扦插较佳的处理组合是:ABT3号生根剂,质量浓度为250 mg·L-1,生根率达90.0%;桂花在不同扦插基质条件下,生根率以2号基质(黄心土70%+河沙30%(体积比))较好。     

连翘嫩枝扦插试验

用不同浓度萘乙酸和ＡＢＴ１号生根粉处理连翘嫩枝插穗，进行扦插育苗试验，结果表明，各处理可使扦插成活率明显提高，以ＡＢＴ１号１００ｐｐｍ浓度处理插穗效果最好，为生产上进行连翘无性繁殖提供了一种可行的实用技术。     

四倍体刺槐K2无性系嫩枝扦插技术研究

从插穗部位,植物生长调节物质种类及浓度、处理时间,扦插基质和插穗取材等方面对四倍体刺槐无性系K2的嫩枝扦插技术进行研究的结果表明：四倍体刺槐无性系K2的嫩枝的上部插穗扦插生根效果最好,IBA1500mg／L处理30s为最佳处理方式,扦插基质宜选择蛭石,插穗的最佳取材时期为6月份。     

豫楸1号扦插技术模式研究

通过对楸树良种—豫楸1号不同插条类型、插条不同部位、不同激素处理及处理时间、不同扦插基质上进行扦插试验,得出一套能够将难生根树种楸树扦插成活率提高到90%以上的扦插技术模式。认为豫楸1号采用1年生苗干平埋复幼催生嫩枝作为插条、以IBA︰NAA=2︰1混配,浓度500μl/L速蘸、以蛭石为基质的扦插技术模式能够极大地提高扦插成活率。     

川西北高寒沙地不同恢复年限对土壤机械组成的影响

采用时空替代法,即在立地条件一致或相近的条件下,在一定的空间尺度内,选择不同地点上不同治理年限的流动沙地来代替同一生长地点上的不同恢复年限的流动沙地。以若尔盖县高寒沙地示范区内未治理流动沙地、生态恢复年限分别为3年、5年、10年的高寒沙地作为研究对象。结果表明,高寒流动沙地与草地土壤颗粒含量差异明显,随着治理时间的递增,流动沙地土壤黏粒、粉砂等细颗粒物质含量逐渐增加,不同深度的土壤颗粒逐渐演变为表层较下层细,可能是受植被恢复地表植被影响所致,通过10年的沙化治理,流动沙地的土壤得到一定的改善,但从本试验看出土过程在川西北高寒地区是一个缓慢的过程,防大于治。因此,应继续加强对脆弱区生态系统的保护和管理,避免荒漠化导致土壤生态环境的难以恢复。     

Compaction of till soils and growth tests with Norway spruce and scots pine

Five of the most common soils in forest areas in Sweden, viz., coarse sand, fine sand, coarse sandy till, medium sandy till and fine sandy till soil, were compressed at different loadings for 10 min. In the soils studied, it was found that the more fine material there was in the soil, the easier it compacted, and that till soils compacted much more than sediments of the same main particle class. The chosen compression time seemed to correspond well with an equilibrium level of static compaction. Influence of wall friction in compression tubes was found to be negligible for till soils.After compaction the soil cores were sown with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) or Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and 16–20 days later the root lengths were recorded. Lengths of primary roots in per cent of the control were found to be almost inverse to the compaction of the soils; Norway spruce was more impeded than Scots pine. Thus, the bulk density alone is a poor indicator of the impact of soil compaction. Growth to 26, 33 and 120 days showed that the extension of secondary roots might be more impeded by compaction than the primary roots. Fertilization increased growth but did not decrease the growth difference between seedlings on unloaded and loaded soil cores.     

雷州半岛无瓣海桑适生土壤调查研究

在雷州半岛红树林设置样地,调查无瓣海桑等5种群落林木生长及土壤性状。结果表明：土壤性状是影响无瓣海桑生长的重要因素,含盐量低的酸性泥质滩涂更利于无瓣海桑的生长,无瓣海桑对土壤具有一定的改良作用。     

四省八个杉木种子园施肥技术和效应研究

浙粤湘闽４省８个杉木种子园１９８３年－１９９２年施肥结果是，在盆瘠土壤上施肥效果最显著，施肥种类和配方应根据当地土壤对症下红：肥力中等以上土壤以磷钾肥为主，过于瘠薄土壤则酌情加入氮肥；施肥时间应配合种子发育节律和发芽分化期，以６－７月最关键，次为秋季和春季４月；每年施２次较好，并提无机肥与农家肥相结合；施肥最依树龄和树体大小而异，一般结实中期每次株施氮肥０．１－０．３７５ｋｇ（Ｎ４０－１７０ｇ）、     

Influence of Tree Roots on Nitrogen Mineralization

This study compared the total carbon (C), mineral nitrogen (N) contents and N mineralization potentials of the rhizospheric and bulk soils, collected at two depths in three forest sites in France. The site at Breuil is a comparative plantation of different species with or without fertilization, the Fougères site is a time sequence of four Fagus sylvatica L . stands including a limed plot, and the Aubure site is a comparison between adjacent young and old Picea abies. (L.) Karst stands with different nitrifying activity. Mineral N was extracted from fresh soil with K 2 SO 4 and after laboratory incubation at 15°;C for 2 days or 1 week. The moisture, C and N contents of the rhizospheric soil were higher than in the bulk soil in the A 1 horizon, but only slightly higher or similar in A 1 B horizons. Soil-extractable NH 4 and net mineralization were much larger in the rhizospheric soil than in the bulk soil. Soil-extractable NO 3 and net nitrification were not significantly different. Soil-extractable NH 4 and net N mineralization were linearly and positively related to the soil C (or N) contents, but the relationship was stronger and the amount of mineral N per gram of carbon was higher for rhizospheric soil. This suggests that the quality of rhizospheric carbon should be taken into account. Net N mineralization was negatively related to the soil C/N ratio. In summary, tree roots appear to have a strong influence on N transformation in soils.     

小浪底库区群落演替过程中土壤机械组成及碳库变化研究

本文采用空间代替时间的方法,通过对黄河小浪底库区不同恢复阶段土壤机械组成及碳库变化分析,结果表明:(1)各植被恢复阶段,土壤风化度上层高于下层;从裸地到乔木阶段,土壤风化度逐渐增大,土壤的发育逐渐成熟,从草本到乔木阶段,随着进展演替,对土壤的形成及发育作用依次升高;(2)各植被恢复阶段,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度随着土层深度增加而减少;随着进展演替,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度逐渐增加。相关分析表明,土壤粘粒与有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系。     

潞安矿区煤矸石山植被根系的土壤抗冲性研究

在山西潞安矿区王庄煤矿北矸石山进行了土壤抗冲性试验,对矸石山坡面植物根系的土壤抗冲性进行了研究.研究表明:(1)根系长度随根系径级的增大而不断减小,表明土壤中以小径级根系为主,且不同径级根系在土壤中的分布存在较大的空间变异性;根系生物量随根系径级的增大总体上呈下降趋势,即矿区坡面土壤中小径级根系分布较大根系多;(2)根...     

环境因子对土壤水分渗透特征的影响

采用双环法,研究不同地形条件(坡度、坡位、坡向)、降雨等因子对土壤渗透特征的影响。研究结果表明,土壤渗透速率具有明显的坡面垂直变异规律,随着坡度的增加,土壤的渗透速率减小,达到稳渗的时间延长,但是坡度大于20°以后,稳渗速率反而升高;阳坡土壤的初渗速率大于阴坡,而阴坡土壤的稳渗速率大于阳坡;不同坡位条件下的试验表现出从坡上部到坡下部,土壤渗透速率随坡位下移呈逐渐降低的趋势;降雨前土壤的初渗速率和稳渗速率均大于降雨后土壤的初渗速率和稳渗速率,降雨前土壤达到稳渗所需时间比降雨后长。     

A TaqMan real‐time PCR assay for the detection of Phytophthora ‘taxon Agathis’ in soil,pathogen of Kauri in New Zealand

Kauri Agathis australis, an iconic tree of New Zealand, is under threat from an introduced disease‐causing pathogen provisionally named Phytophthora ‘taxon Agathis’ (referred to as PTA). This soilborne, Pythiaceous species belongs to the Chromista and causes a collar rot resulting in yellowing of the foliage and thinning of the canopy, which eventually causes death of the infected tree. The management and containment of this pathogen requires rapid and reliable detection in the soil. The current method for soil detection utilizes a soil bioassay involving lupin baits and soil flooding in a process that takes between ten and twenty days. We describe a real‐time PCR assay based on TaqMan chemistry for the specific detection of PTA, which targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. This TaqMan real‐time PCR assay could be used with DNA extracted directly from bulk soil samples to enable rapid quantification of PTA within soil. The detection limit was 2 fg of PTA DNA from pure culture, or 20 fg in the presence of DNA extracted from soil. The assay was validated using soil samples taken from a PTA‐infested site and soil spiked with a known concentration of oospores. We conclude that the TaqMan real‐time PCR assay offers a more time‐efficient method for detection of PTA in soil than existing methods.     

棱角山矾扦插繁殖技术研究

于2004年至2005年期间,研究了扦插基质、扦插时间和激素等因素对棱角山矾扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明:黄心土是较佳的棱角山矾扦插基质,扦插20 d左右开始发根;在5月份选用10~12 cm嫩枝进行扦插,生根率达96%以上;采用激素处理插穗,能促进生根和苗木地上部分的生长。