环境因子对土壤水分渗透特征的影响

采用双环法,研究不同地形条件(坡度、坡位、坡向)、降雨等因子对土壤渗透特征的影响。研究结果表明,土壤渗透速率具有明显的坡面垂直变异规律,随着坡度的增加,土壤的渗透速率减小,达到稳渗的时间延长,但是坡度大于20°以后,稳渗速率反而升高;阳坡土壤的初渗速率大于阴坡,而阴坡土壤的稳渗速率大于阳坡;不同坡位条件下的试验表现出从坡上部到坡下部,土壤渗透速率随坡位下移呈逐渐降低的趋势;降雨前土壤的初渗速率和稳渗速率均大于降雨后土壤的初渗速率和稳渗速率,降雨前土壤达到稳渗所需时间比降雨后长。

The Research of Soil Infiltration Character Influence by Environmental Factor

With the method of double-rings,we studied the effect of different topographic condition(slope gradient,slope position,slope exposures) and rainfall on soil infiltration.The results indicated that infiltration rate display notable spatial variation,with the increasing of slope gradient,the soil infiltration rate decreased,it cost more time to reach the steady infiltration.But when the gradient is more than 20 degree,the steady infiltration present a hight value.The soil infiltration on the southern slope of mountain usually is higher than that on the northern slope of moutain in both watertsheds.On different slope position,it exhibited a tendency of lowing in soil infiltration rate with the drop of position.Before rain,both of the initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate are more than after rain,and it is easier to reach the steady infiltration.