介绍一种果材兼用的优良木本油料树种——美国薄壳山核桃

美国薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensisKoch.)又名长山核桃,为胡桃科山核桃属的一个种。原为野生果树,产于北美印地安钠州。密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾南部。最早于1776年初作为果树被介绍到欧洲。美国     

果材兼用的优良油料树种——美国薄壳山核桃

美国薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensi-s Koch.)又名长山核桃,为胡桃科山核桃属的一个种.原为野生果树,产于北美印地安那州,密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾南部.最早于1776年初作为果树被介绍到欧洲.美国在19世纪后半叶才开始作为果     

山核桃与薄壳山核桃杂交的研究

一、前言山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)具有结果早、种仁味佳等特点,其缺点是果小、壳厚;而薄壳山核桃(Carya pecan Engler.et Graebn.)果大、含油量高(一般比山核桃高17.3％)、壳薄、壳与种仁易于剝离,但结果较迟、抗病虫力弱。因此我们期望通过有性杂交和定向培育,以创造出兼具两个亲本优良性状的山核桃或薄壳山核桃的新品种、     

山核桃属部分种的核型分析

对山核桃属中的美国山核桃Carya illinoensis、浙江山核桃Carya cathayensis、云南山核桃Carya tonkinensis的核型进行了研究.结果表明浙江山核桃和云南山核桃染色体数目为32,核型类型为2A,浙江山核桃核型公式为K(2n)=8sm+22m+2T,云南山核桃核型公式K(2n)=8sm+22m(SAT)+2T;美国山核桃染色体数目为32,核型类型为2B,核型公式为K(2n)=10sm+20m+2T.根据分析结果,讨论了它们的亲缘关系、进化地位及分类等问题.     

山核桃施肥效益初报

目前山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)生产中,存在的主要问题是产量不稳不高。通过施尿素和复合肥,分别增产47％和83％。     

莱芜地区美国山核桃引种试验

2016年春季,从浙江、安徽等地引入十余个美国山核桃[Carya illinoensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch]品种试验栽培。经过4年管理和观察,在山东莱芜地区气候条件下,美国山核桃生长发育正常,为下一步适量规模发展美国山核桃奠定了技术基础。     

温度和湿度对薄壳山核桃嫁接成活率的影响

为探索本地区薄壳山核桃[Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch]嫁接成活率问题,本研究就温度和湿度对薄壳山核桃嫁接成活率的影响展开研究。结果表明:温度和湿度对薄壳山核桃嫁接成活率有一定的影响。露地嫁接最适宜温度为20~25℃,棚内嫁接苗湿度为70%~80%时,可提高成活率。     

山核桃种子贮藏方法试验

山核桃Carya Cathayensis Sarg属胡桃科山核桃属一种。核仁含油率高达69.8～74.01%,油质好,并含有丰富的蛋白质和维生素,果肉香脆可口,是著名的干果和优良木本油料。山核桃木材坚韧,是军工、建     

长山核桃生物学特性及大苗培育技术

长山核桃(Carya pecan Engi．et Graebn．)又名美国薄壳山核桃，原产北美，属核桃科山核桃属长山核桃种。于2001年春从济宁市高新区柳行办事处引进试栽，通过观察发现该树种冠形美，枝叶繁茂，病虫害少，是城市园林绿化的优良材料。     

推荐一个好树种——薄壳山核桃

薄壳山核桃,学名Carya illinoensis K.koch,又名长山核桃,或美国山核桃、美国薄壳山核桃,是胡桃科山核桃属落叶乔木,是一个用途广、受益期长、经济价值高、社会效益和生态效益明显的优良经济树种。     

Morphological plasticity of cotton roots in response to interspecific competition with pecan in an alleycropping system in the southern United States

A study was conducted in northwest Florida, USA, to investigate root development and morphology of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) trees in an alleycropping experiment. Root:shoot ratio, root biomass, total root length and root length density were examined under three treatments: (1) barrier (separating belowground interspecific competition by trenching to a depth of 120 cm and installing polyethylene barrier), (2) non-barrier (root systems were free to interact), and (3) monoculture of cotton (without above and belowground interspecific competition with trees). Results indicated that plants in the barrier and non-barrier treatments had lower root:shoot ratios compared to the monoculture treatment. Belowground competition for resources between pecan and cotton in the non-barrier treatment resulted in 25 and 33% reduction of total root length (359 cm) when compared to that of the barrier (477 cm) and monoculture (539 cm) treatments, respectively. The non-barrier plants also exhibited the lowest root length density. Specific root length was highest for the monoculture (179 cm g⁻¹) and lowest for the non-barrier treatment (146 cm g⁻¹) with the barrier treatment being intermediate (165 cm g⁻¹). Interspecific competition with pecan significantly altered root development and morphology of cotton plants. Research in agroforestry should take into account the developmental differences in root systems of the associated crop species so that better models incorporating nutrient and water uptake can be developed.     

盐碱胁迫对平欧杂种榛生长及叶片内源激素含量的影响

利用中性盐NaCl、碱性盐Na2CO3及混合盐碱(NaCl∶ Na2CO3=1∶1)设置3种盐碱胁迫处理,研究平欧杂种榛“辽榛3号”在不同类型、不同浓度的盐碱胁迫下生长指标及内源激素的变化,分析各内源激素与生长指标的相关关系.结果表明:3种盐碱胁迫对平欧杂种榛株高、新梢长度及叶片数净生长量、地上部生物量、总生物量抑制作用明显,且NaCl胁迫＞混合盐碱胁迫＞Na2CO3胁迫,而各处理根冠比显著增加;低浓度盐碱胁迫对地径有明显的增粗效应,在50、100 mmol·L-1 Na2CO3胁迫下,地下部生物量显著增加;此外,NaCl胁迫还显著降低了平欧杂种榛叶片含水量.3种胁迫条件下,平欧杂种榛叶片的ABA含量明显增加,且(GA+ IAA+ ZR)/ABA比值与对照相比均显著降低,同时发现Na2CO3胁迫下ABA积累更快,且与胁迫浓度无关,而NaCl胁迫下ABA含量与胁迫浓度显著正相关.相关分析表明:(GA+ IAA+ZR)/ABA比值与株高、新梢长度、新梢叶片数存在显著正相关,而与根冠比呈极显著的负相关.由上可知,平欧杂种榛在中性盐下的生长指标受抑制程度大于碱性盐和混合盐碱,不同盐碱胁迫下内源激素响应特征也存在差异,表明平欧杂种榛对Na2CO3的耐受力高于NaCl.     

盐分、干旱及其交叉胁迫对皂角幼苗生长性状的影响

对皂角在土壤盐分、干旱及其交叉胁迫下生长性状进行研究.结果表明:皂角的存活率、苗高、生物量以及根系比重在干旱、轻度盐分和中度干旱与盐分的交叉胁迫处理下均能维持在较高的水平;叶保水力在各个胁迫条件下均高于对照;盐旱交叉胁迫下水分含量越高,越有利于皂角在盐分下的生长;皂角在轻度干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫、轻度盐分胁迫、轻度干旱轻度盐分交叉胁迫、轻度干旱中度盐分交叉胁迫、轻度盐分重度干旱胁迫、中度干旱轻度盐分胁迫、中度干旱中度盐分胁迫胁迫下能正常生长.     

盐胁迫对木瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以MS培养基培养木瓜种子,观察研究在不同的NaCl浓度胁迫下,木瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的状况.结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,木瓜种子萌发率逐渐降低,幼苗根系活力下降;叶绿素含量、SOD酶活性以及POD酶活性逐渐升高,但当培养基中NaCl浓度过高时,以上3个指标开始下降;MDA含量与NaCl浓度有关,随着NaCl浓度的增加,MDA含量逐渐增加,但均小于对照.     

Soil respiration and microbial biomass in a pecan — cotton alley cropping system in Southern USA

Little information is available on soil respiration and microbial biomass in soils under agroforestry systems. We measured soil respiration rate and microbial biomass under two age classes (young and old) of a pecan (Carya illinoinensis) — cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) alley cropping system, two age classes of pecan orchards, and a cotton monoculture on a well-drained, Redbay sandy loam (a fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudult) in southern USA. Soil respiration was quantified monthly during the growing season from May to November 2001 using the soda-lime technique and was corrected based on infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) measurements. The overall soil respiration rates ranged from 177 to 776 mg CO₂ m^–2 h^–1. During the growing season, soil respiration was higher in the old alley cropping system than in the young alley cropping system, the old pecan orchard, the young pecan orchard, and the monoculture. Microbial biomass C was higher in the old alley cropping system (375 mg C kg^–1) and in the old pecan orchard (376 mg C kg^–1) compared to the young alley cropping system (118 mg C kg^–1), young pecan orchard (88 mg C kg^–1), and the cotton monoculture (163 mg C kg^–1). Soil respiration was correlated positively with soil temperature, microbial biomass, organic matter, and fine root biomass. The effect of alley cropping on soil properties during the brief history of alley cropping was not significant except in the old systems, where there was a trend of increasing soil respiration with short-term alley cropping. Over time, different land use and management practices influenced soil properties such as soil temperature, moisture, microbial biomass, organic matter, and fine root biomass, which in turn affected the magnitude of soil respiration. Our results suggest that trees in agroforestry systems have the potential to enhance soil fertility and sustainability of farmlands by improving soil microbial activity and accreting residual soil carbon.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Nursery stock quality as an indicator of bottomland hardwood forest restoration success in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley

Abstract

Seedling morphological quality standards are lacking for bottomland hardwood restoration plantings in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA, which may contribute toward variable restoration success. We measured initial seedling morphology (shoot height, root collar diameter, number of first order lateral roots, fresh mass, and root volume), second year field heights and diameters, survival, browse, and top dieback of five species – cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), Nuttall oak (Q. nuttallii Palmer), sweet pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), and water oak (Q. nigra L.). Seedlings were obtained from three regional nurseries (Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi), planted on three sites (Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi), and treated with or without chemical weed control. Site×nursery interaction and weed control (without interactions) usually affected survival, whereas site×weed control interaction and nursery (without interactions) influenced second year heights and diameters. Weed control generally increased survival rates, as well as second year height and diameter. Effects of initial morphological characteristics on field survival and height and diameter growth were generally dependent on the other morphological parameters. Target morphological characteristics were identified as 99, 84, and 82 in height/diameter ratios (equal units) for cherrybark oak, green ash, and Nuttall oak, respectively; mean initial height of 40–43 cm in sweet pecan; and mean initial fresh mass/root volume of 2.7 g ml^?1 in water oak. Seedlings with means above these values may be more susceptible to dieback or mortality after outplanting, likely associated with excessive shoot relative to root biomass.     

不同育苗方式对薄壳山核桃苗木生长及根系结构的影响

该文报道了薄壳山核桃大田播种育苗和火箭盆、无纺布、塑料钵容器等育苗方式对苗木生长及根系结构的影响。结果表明:不同育苗方式对薄壳山核桃苗木高度和地径生长影响显著,其中火箭盆容器培育的苗高、地径生长量最大,为39.14 cm和0.96 cm;无纺布容器苗和大田播种苗次之;塑料钵容器苗的苗高、地径生长量最小。多重比较分析表明,不同育苗方式对薄壳山核桃苗木的主根长度、主根直径、1级侧根数、1级侧根平均长度、根鲜质量、根干质量、茎鲜质量、茎干质量、根茎鲜质量比和根茎干质量比等指标影响显著,火箭盆容器和无纺布容器培育的苗木侧根系发达,根系质量好;而大田播种苗和普通塑料容器苗的主根发达,侧根少,根系质量较差。     

超量表达FBL1对84K杨根系和生长量影响研究

生长素及其信号转导系统对植物的生长发育具有重要的影响。本研究从银腺杨'84K'(Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. '84K')中分离了生长素受体基因PtrFBL1,利用PMDC32构建了PMDC32-PtrFBL1超量表达载体,并通过遗传转化获得了超量表达植株17个。对温室定植的3个转基因株系和对照植株的根系、生长量和光合指标等性状分析结果显示:转基因株系总根长和总根面积达到显著或极显著差异,而根系干质量、平均不定根系长度、平均不定根直径差异不显著;株高、平均节间长、地径和高径比皆高于对照,且大多数转基因株系达到显著差异;除气孔限制值(Ls)低于对照外,气孔导度(Cd)、水分利用效率(WUE)、光能利用效率(LUE)和叶绿素相对含量皆高于对照,且大多数转基因株系达到显著或极显著差异。以上结果表明,可能是FBL1超表达增加了转基因株系根系面积,提高了水分和养分的吸收利用,进而导致转基因株系光能吸收和转化效率提高,引起转基因株系生长加快。     

Overexpression of the ThTPS gene enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance in Tamarix hispida

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abi-otic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree includ-ing ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimu-lation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused par-ticularly strong induction of ThTPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.his-pida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.     

两种叶面肥对马尾松苗期生长的影响研究

为了解叶面肥种类对马尾松(Pinus massonianna)苗期生长质量的影响,对马尾松苗分别喷施质量浓度为1g.L-1的特多收和0.125 g·L-1喷施宝叶面肥,结果表明:2种叶面肥处理3个月后马尾松苗高、地径、根系生长以及苗木质量较清水处理均有所提高,特多收叶面肥处理各生长指标均显著高于清水处理(P＜0.05),特多收叶面肥处理较喷施宝叶面肥处理的苗高、地径、主根长、须根数、总须根长、鲜质量和Ⅰ级苗比例分别增加0.7％、3.1％、17.6％、29.5％、21.4％、1.6％和1.5％,施肥效果优于喷施宝(P＜0.05).