不同种源麻疯树苗期生长特性比较分析

通过对不同种源麻疯树的播种育苗试验,对各个种源麻疯树苗高、地径生长进行比较分析,阐明麻疯树一年生播种苗的年生长发育规律及育苗技术要点。结果表明:不同种源麻疯树苗的苗高、地径存在极显著差异且优劣种源间相差幅度可达20.52 cm、0.61 cm,同一种源内不同单株之间也存在较大差异,其中以川麻-30、川麻-29个体差异最为突出,各种源的抗寒性存在较大差异。综合其生长表现及抗寒性,初步选出川麻-29和川麻-19两个种源为苗期优良种源。     

不同种源麻疯树种子品质及苗期生长研究

通过对6个不同种源麻疯树(Jatropha curcas)进行种子观测及播种育苗试验,对种子品质、苗期生长做比较分析,结果表明:不同种源间种源间千粒重、发芽率、发芽势、R值差异较大,变异系数较高,形状差异不明显;苗高、地径分别存在显著和极显著差异;生物量差异明显,但不均衡。经过综合评价,初步选出贵州贞丰和百色隆林2个种源为苗期优良种源。     

阿穆尔种源山丁子果实及幼苗生长差异性分析

以黑河种源山丁子为对照,对阿穆尔种源山丁子7个单株果实及幼苗生长情况进行对比分析的结果表明:8个单株果实均为扁球形,桔色或红色,果粒整齐或较整齐,果味酸、涩。8个单株果实种子变异较为丰富,阿穆尔种源7个单株均与对照存在显著差异,最大单果重、最大种子千粒重分别超过对照283.33%、151.11%;阿穆尔种源7个单株间平均单果重、种子千粒重差异显著,最大平均单果重超过最小平均单果重95.65%,最大种子千粒重超过最小种子千粒重75.12%。8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径存在较大的变异,阿穆尔种源苗高变异系数为34.95%～57.07%,地径变异系数为17.39%～33.18%,对照苗高变异系数44.73%、地径变异系数33.49%;8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径差异极显著,苗高生长最快的超过生长最慢的235.8%,地径生长最快的超过生长最慢的111.11%。     

6个核桃楸母树林种子种源试验

收集6个核桃楸优良种源地种子,在襄汾县西贾苗圃试验地进行播种育苗,调查出苗率、苗高、地径生长量,并进行核桃楸种源试验。结果表明:不同种源地核桃楸种子的千粒重、种子长度和种子直径差异显著,其3年生苗木平均苗高、平均地径差异不显著。皋落、上庄种源地的种子最好,种源间平均苗高的变异系数为21.79%,平均地径的变异系数为22.27%,种源内分化明显。     

黄山松地理种源苗期试验研究

对黄山松地理种源种子播种品质和育苗试验的研究表明,种源间种子千粒重、室内发芽率、苗圃出苗率均存在显著差异。种源的经度、纬度与千粒重相关不紧密,海拔高与苗高生长量呈较紧密的负相关。各地理种源苗木生长量差异极显著,同一种源不同年份苗木生长量也有差异。浙江省的磐安、东阳、庆源、天台等种源苗期生长较好。     

不同种源旱冬瓜苗期生长量的地理变异研究

通过对滇西南地区15个县的0.5年生旱冬瓜种源的苗高、地径进行调查分析,研究了不同种源旱冬瓜苗高、地径的生长变异及其与地理环境因子的关系,利用苗高和地径2个因子进行逐步聚类分析。结果表明,各种源间在苗高、地径生长上均表现出极显著的差异,苗高生长表现最好的是孟连种源,平均苗高达31.4 cm;地径生长表现最好的种源是勐海种源,平均地径为0.38 cm。环境因子及地理因素对旱冬瓜种源的遗传变异有影响,苗高、地径与各种源原产地的地理经度呈负相关;采用种源间苗高、地径进行逐步聚类分析,15个种源可分为5类,根据各种源苗期苗高、地径的生长状况,初步筛选出瑞丽、孟连2个优良种源。     

桢楠优良种源/家系苗期评价和选择研究

对从四川省9个县(区)收集的44个桢楠优株家系苗期生长指标进行测定和分析。采用嵌套式试验分析,结果表明,种源和家系间的苗高和地径均具有极显著差异。种源间苗高和地径变异系数分别在0.23~0.42和0.15~0.28之间,家系苗高和地径变异系数分别在0.05~0.43和0.10~0.34之间。以苗高、地径为评价指标,以改良后的布雷金多性症状综合评定法进行评定,初选出都6、9和4号3个优良种源,31、22、32、6和38号5个优良家系。根据苗期生长数据的分布,部分桢楠优株家系已表现出生长优势,具有进一步筛选的潜力。     

麻疯树种子不同方式繁殖育苗技术试验

麻疯树种子应用高锰酸钾和吲哚丁酸不同浸种处理,采用大田和容器育苗,对不同的种子发芽率、苗木生长量进行观察比较,其苗木生长状况不同.试验结果:应用高锰酸钾浸种处理的种子平均发芽率92%、苗高36cm、地径粗0.35cm,应用吲哚丁酸浸种处理的种子平均发芽率97%、苗高42cm、地径0.42cm.吲哚丁酸浸种处理的种子平均发芽率、苗高、地径粗,分别比高锰酸钾浸种处理的种子平均发芽率高5.4%、苗高16.7%、地径粗20%.大田育苗的种子平均发芽率95%、苗高38cm、地径粗0.37cm,容器育苗的种子平均发芽率99%、苗高40.5cm、地径粗0.40cm.容器育苗的种子平均发芽率、苗高、地径,分别比大田育苗的种子平均发芽率高4.2%、苗高6.6%、地径粗8.1%     

柏木优树家系苗期生长表现

以来自重庆市和浙江省千岛湖的4个种源34个柏木优树家系2年生苗为材料,研究家系和种源间苗期生长性状的差异性。结果表明:苗高与地径在家系和种源间均存在极显著差异,家系间变异系数分别为11.37%和18.89%,种源间变异系数分别为7.25%和12.58%,说明柏木的苗高与地径在家系和种源间存在较为丰富的变异,具有选育潜力。按15%的入选率,筛选出5个柏木苗期速生优良家系丰05、丰03、丰04、丰01和忠13。5个优良家系平均苗高和地径分别为79.04 cm和9.99 mm,高出参试家系平均苗高和地径的15.43%和31.37%,比对照高19.94%和49.15%。     

南方红豆杉苗木性状种源分化和育苗环境对苗木生长的影响

利用来自10个省区27个产地的南方红豆杉种子在福建明溪和浙江淳安2个地点开展种源苗期遗传测定,系统研究苗木生长、苗高生长参数、根系特征和干物质积累等性状的种源差异及育苗环境对种源苗木生长的影响.研究结果显示:南方红豆杉苗高、地径和侧枝数存在显著的种源差异.基于苗高生长参数分析表明:种源苗高的增加主要是由于线性生长量、最高生长速率和线性生长速率的提高,而不是由于线性生长期的延长.相对于其它树种,南方红豆杉线性生长速率虽较小,但线性生长期较长.试验虽然未发现根系形态、干物质积累量的种源差异达到统计学上的显著水平,但这些性状的种源绝对值却相差较大,达20%以上.育苗环境对南方红豆杉种源生长影响较大,良好的水热资源和庇荫条件将显著促进苗木的高、径生长.苗木生长性状存在显著的种源与地点互作,但种源与遮阳处理的互作却很小.不同育苗地点南方红豆杉苗高和地径呈现出的地理变异模式是不同的:在福建明溪点,种源苗木高、径生长与产地的地理气候因子相关性较小,苗期速生种源不仅有来自自然分布区偏东部和偏北部的种源,而且还有来自偏南部和偏西部的种源;在浙江淳安点,来自偏东部和偏北部的种源苗高生长量较大,而来自偏南部和偏西部的种源生长则较慢,类似于作者对南方红豆杉有限分布区种源试验的已有研究结果.     

5个印度小桐子品种在云南省引种的初步调查分析

为了研究印度5个优良小桐子品种的种子形态及其在中国生长适应性,在国内进行种子形态测定以及苗期生长指标和生物量指标的测定。结果显示,5个印度品种和一个中国种源的小桐子种子在纵径和侧径上没有显著差异,横径上表现出了显著差异,中国种源的小桐子种子测量平均值为1．043cm,表现最差。而其他印度品种的种子形态指标差异不大。中国种源小桐子在高生长与地径生长方面优于印度品种。通过对印度5个品种的种子形态指标、生长指标、生物量指标和发芽率、含油率等指标表现的主成分分析并综合打分排序,得分由高到低依次为Nellore2、Nellorel、Chittgrh、J—ljist01和J03,前3个印度品种较能适应云南省的生长环境,但在苗期的生长上与中国当地品种存在一定的差异。     

Variation in seed traits and seedling vigour of Cordia africana Lam.provenances in Ethiopia

Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia.Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared.Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in10 replications,and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance.Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance.Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured.Seed length,seed width,seed mass,and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences(P0.001) among provenances.Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage,seed width and altitude,seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude.Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature,seed width and rainfall,seed mass and temperature,and germination and temperature of the seed source.As expected,differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour.Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.     

Effects of Seedbed Density on One-Year-Old <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fraxinus angustifolia</Emphasis> Seedling Characteristics and Outplanting Performance

To assess the effects of seedling spacing on one-year-old seedling morphology in the nursery, seeds of three provenances of Fraxinus angustifolia were sown at five different seedling spacings within rows of two different spacings in the seedbed. Subsequent growth performance of one-year-old seedlings was assessed by planting in the forest. Within row spacings were: 4.3, 5.0, 6.3, 8.3, and 12.5 cm, and there were five rows at 20 cm apart, or three rows at 33 cm apart across the 1.2 m wide seedbeds. Both spacings within and between rows significantly affected shoot height, root collar diameter, root dry weight and shoot dry weight, but not root/shoot ratio. Wider spacings produced larger seedlings, but only the wider spacing within rows significantly increased fine and coarse root mass. Provenances showed significant differences in diameter, root/shoot ratio, and fine and coarse roots, and they also showed interactions with row spacings in height and diameter measurements. One year after outplanting, diameter growth was significantly related to provenance, and diameter growth was 88% greater for trees from 33 cm nursery row spacing than those from 20 cm nursery row spacing.     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

闽楠种源苗期生长性状地理变异研究

为研究不同产地闽楠（Phoebe bournei）幼苗生长性状的变异规律及其与地理、气候因子的关系,以来源于6个省区的12个种源的种子培育的幼苗为试验材料。研究分析了闽楠幼苗苗高、地径、生物量等性状的种源差异,苗期生长性状与种源产地气候或与地理因子间的相关性以及各性状的相关性。结果表明：参试种源间生长差异显著,这些差异主要由遗传因素制约;地径、地下生物量与经度呈显著负相关关系,地径与海拔呈显著正相关关系;各观测性状与无霜期呈显著或极显著相关关系;苗木苗高、地径、生物量等性状之间呈显著或极显著相关关系。根据聚类分析结果,供试的12个种源可划分为优、良、中、差4类,其中广西、贵州种源具有较明显的生长优势。综合分析结果表显示：闽楠各种源间存在明显的遗传分化,地理隔离导致幼苗的生长性状变异丰富,西南地区种源普遍生长较好。     

Genetic variation in seed and seedling traits in 12 African provenances of Faidherbia albida (del.) A. Chev. at Lodwar, Kenya

The extent of genetic variation in seed length, width, thickness, weight and germination percentage and seedling traits among and within 12 African provenances of Faidherbia albida was examined. The regional provenances showed a consistent variation in seed length, seed width and seed weight: the southern African provenances had the largest seeds and west African provenances the smallest. Seedling height, stem collar diameter and true leaf number differed (P = 0.05) among the provenances 90 days after germination. The seedlings from west Africa were shorter, had smaller stem collar diameter and fewer leaves. In contrast, the southern and east African provenances had taller seedlings with bigger seedling diameter and more leaves per seedling. Seedling traits did not show clear-cut divisions between southern and east African provenances, but the west African provenances formed a distinct group. Positive correlations were found in some of the seed characteristics and seedling height among provenances, which could be an important criterion for early provenance selection. Greater variation was observed for seed and seedling traits among than within provenances suggesting that selection among provenances might result in rapid genetic gain for the traits studied. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

华北落叶松8个优良家系的种子萌发及苗期生长特性

为了比较华北落叶松初选优良家系的种子萌发特性和苗期生长性状,对8个家系和种子园混合株系、母树林及人工林种子的千粒重、饱满率等表型性状,室内发芽率和圃地发芽率等萌发特性,2a生苗的苗高、地径、生物量等生长性状进行了测量分析,结果表明:华北落叶松家系46、家系75、家系9和家系74的发芽率分别为96.00%、78.00%、90.00%和94.67%,苗高分别为35.6cm、33.0cm、32.8cm和31.4cm,地径分别为5.43mm、6.06mm、5.47mm和5.39mm;这4个家系在发芽指数、苗高和地径方面综合表现好于种子园、母树林和人工林,其隶属函数值为人工林的4倍以上,较母树林和种子园也高出35%以上。     

乐东拟单性木兰种源和家系种子苗木培育试验

乐东拟单性木兰是优良的园林绿化和珍贵用材树种。2006年10月,收集湖南长沙12个和江西7个优良单株（家系）种子进行苗木培育试验。结果表明：乐东拟单性木兰种子千粒重在84．75～187．10g之间,平均千粒重为132．1g,湘10最重。始发天数在18～87d之间,平均始发天数为27d,以湘11最长,赣1、赣3和赣6最短。场圃发芽率在43．6％～75．6％之间,平均场圃发芽率为56．16％,湘2最高,赣5最低,最高家系比最低家系的场圃发芽率高73．4％。出苗期在84～136d之间,平均出苗期为113d,湘11最长,湘8最短,最长家系出苗期比最短的多52d。苗木保存率在69．23％～93．60％之间,平均保存率86．22％,湘7最高,赣4和赣6最低;湘种源家系保存率86％,赣种源家系保存率74．29％。苗高生长家系间及重复间差异均达极显著水平,平均苗木高14．5cm,高生长在10．8～19．5cm之间,以湘7最高,达19．5cm,其次是湘9和湘4,赣种源家系平均苗高为11．2cm,湘种源家系平均苗高比赣种源高36．6％。千粒重与苗高、发芽率及保存率呈负相关。     

云南省红河州部分地区麻疯树种子的化学成分分析比较

从云南省红河州10个麻疯树产地采集其种子,并测定其生物学性状和化学成分,对相关数据进行方差分析比较,结果表明:产地不同,麻疯树种子的生物学性质、化学成分含量、种子油的组成和含量都有一些差异。麻疯树种仁粗脂肪含量为52.38%~65.89%,粗蛋白质含量为13.79%~26.13%,灰分含量为3.97%~5.15%,粗纤维含量为3.05%~4.74%。对麻疯树种子油进行分离得到6~9种化学成分,经鉴定,其主要化学成分为不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸占总量的14.13%~36.91%,油酸占总量的35.79%~51.12%。从实验结果看:2、3、4、8号样品的种子出仁率、含油率及不饱和脂肪酸含量都高,且产量也高,可作为优良的种源进行推广应用,其种子的产地也适宜作麻疯树生物柴油的开发基地。