抓住难得机遇 做强咖啡产业

咖啡与茶叶、可可并称为世界三大饮料。目前,世界咖啡种植面积达1.5亿亩,总产量为800余万吨。全球有15亿以上人口饮用咖啡,就世界每年的消费量而言,咖啡比可可大2倍,比茶叶大3倍。云南省发展咖啡产业的自然资源极其丰富,全省热区土地面积8.11万平方公里,其中咖啡宜     

中国草本咖啡

咖啡是世界三大饮料之一，又是医药、食品和轻化工工业的重要原料。全球全年消费量约７００多万吨，我国年消费量约１０万吨，基本依赖进口，每年国家花费大量外汇进口咖啡，随着中国加ＷＴＯ后，国际交往日益增多，国际交往频繁，咖啡消费已成为时尚饮品，市场需求量呈上升趋势。 世界咖啡主产国有哥伦比亚、巴西、印尼等少数几个国家。中国海南省、云南省种植了少量的木本咖啡，产量很低，且味道与哥伦比亚、巴西等国的咖啡无法比美。 据此，我国成立了“咖啡研究开发中心”，在李占义等专家的艰辛努力下，经过近十年之久的研究开发，以茳…     

组建农民咖啡专业合作组织,整合咖啡企业,促进普洱市咖啡产业快速健康发展

云南普洱市是我国咖啡主要产区之一。分析认为农村咖啡资源分散和咖啡企业多、小、散、弱是该市咖啡产业发展的两大机制性障碍;提出组建农民咖啡专业合作组织,整合咖啡企业将会形成新的、充满活力的运行机制,实现普洱咖啡新一轮的快速、健康发展。     

西半球的咖啡锈病

<正> 自从1867年锡兰(斯里兰卡)鉴定出咖啡叶锈病和Berkeley描述命名此病原真菌为Hemileia vastatrix Berk. ＆ Br.以来,咖啡锈病已成为世界所有咖啡(Coffea spp.)生长地区的主要问题。另一种侵害咖啡的锈菌是H.coffeicola Maubl.＆ Rogers,但它是次要的,并且只局限于中非和西非。     

咖啡的香气成分

<正> 大约公元前900年,一位阿拉伯医生Rhazes第一次在文献中提到咖啡。最初,咖啡是一种食物,继而用于酿酒、入药,用作饮料可追溯到700年前。如今它是世界上最普遍的兴奋刺激饮料之一。咖啡是由一种属于茜草科的热带植物的成熟果加工制作而成的。咖啡树的主要品种有小粒种咖啡(Coffea arabica)、中粒种咖啡(C.robusta)和大粒种咖啡(C.liberica),而小粒种咖啡是主要栽培种。咖啡炒制加工过程概述如图1。     

越南咖啡产业考察报告

从考察角度介绍了越南咖啡产业发展现状,越南咖啡产业在生产、加工、贸易和科研中取得的成就及存在的主要问题,为我省与越南在今后咖啡产业方面更好地合作及交流提供参考。     

咖啡栽培技术简介

咖啡是茜草科咖啡属,一种喜高温多年生常绿灌木或乔木,居世界三大饮料之首。咖啡适宜于海拔1200米以下,年平均温19.5℃以上,绝对最低大于0.6℃,年降雨量700毫米以上的亚热带、热带地区栽培。云南产的小粒咖啡,独具味浓而不烈、香而不苦、醇正带果香味的特点,备受欧美各国的欢迎,在国际上享有盛名。种植管理精细的咖啡,两年就开花结果,5年左右进入盛果期,年亩产干豆200公斤,产值达1600至2000元,可连年丰产,延续20至30年,具有较好的经济、生态、社会效益。现将咖啡栽培技术介绍于下:     

云南小粒种咖啡荫蔽栽培研究

云南小粒种咖啡荫蔽栽培有利于咖啡营养生长和生殖生长的平衡,能有效控制主要病虫和草害的发生,有利于咖啡丰产、稳产,提高品质和降低生产成本;咖啡与热带经济作物、果树间作,改善了生态环境,提高了土地利用率和单位土地面积的经济效益:是发展云南小粒种咖啡的最好方式。     

云南农垦咖啡生产的科技进步带动了全省咖啡产业的发展

本文系统阐述了云南农垦发展咖啡产业的４０年来，在咖啡生态类型区区划、栽培技术规程、高产早产栽培经验、引进、选育抗锈良种、病虫害防治研究、研制加工工艺及质量标准以及科技普及等八个方面都取得了一定的科技成果，并在生产实践中应用和推广这些科技成果，大幅度地提高了咖啡的产量和质量，使我省成为目前全国最大的咖啡生产、加工、出口基地。     

咖啡酸味特性研究进展

咖啡的酸味可直接影响咖啡品质和消费者对咖啡的接受度,影响咖啡酸味的因素有产区、品种、初加工方式、烘焙、冲泡和储藏等,目前咖啡酸味物质的鉴定主要采用理化仪器分析与感官分析相结合。文章归纳了咖啡酸味物质的种类、影响因素、测定方法及酸味对咖啡偏好度产生的影响,为从业者开展咖啡产品质量控制及烘焙工艺提升提供参考。     

Coffee and liver diseases

Coffee consumption is worldwide spread with few side effects. Interestingly, coffee intake has been inversely related to the serum enzyme activities gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in studies performed in various countries. In addition, epidemiological results, taken together, indicate that coffee consumption is inversely related with hepatic cirrhosis; however, they cannot demonstrate a causative role of coffee with prevention of liver injury. Animal models and cell culture studies indicate that kahweol, diterpenes and cafestol (some coffee compounds) can function as blocking agents by modulating multiple enzymes involved in carcinogenic detoxification; these molecules also alter the xenotoxic metabolism by inducing the enzymes glutathione-S-transferase and inhibiting N-acetyltransferase. Drinking coffee has been associated with reduced risk of hepatic injury and cirrhosis, a major pathogenic step in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, thus, the benefit that produces coffee consumption on hepatic cancer may be attributed to its inverse relation with cirrhosis, although allowance for clinical history of cirrhosis did not completely account for the inverse association. Therefore, it seems to be a continuum of the beneficial effect of coffee consumption on liver enzymes, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. At present, it seems reasonable to propose experiments with animal models of liver damage and to test the effect of coffee, and/or isolated compounds of this beverage, not only to evaluate the possible causative role of coffee but also its action mechanism. Clinical prospective double blind studies are also needed.     

咖啡蚧虫的生物防治和云南咖啡害虫综合治理浅见

文章综述了咖啡蚧虫的种类、为害及其生物防治方法，分析了影响生物防治的因素和发展趋势，提出了开展云南咖啡害虫综合治理研究的建议。     

云南咖啡产业发展现状及今后发展对策

分析了云南咖啡产业发展现状、存在的主要问题和发展前景,提出了今后发展的对策和措施。     

埃塞俄比亚咖啡生产的历史、现状及前景

埃塞俄比亚是咖啡原产地，经实地调研、访问专家、查阅资料等多种方式考察了埃塞俄比亚的咖啡生产情况，扼要介绍了埃塞俄比亚咖啡生产的历史和现状．旨在为我国咖啡产业的发展提供参考.     

Coffee Agroforestry Systems for Conservation and Economic Development

Abstract

The agroforestry program of the AMISCONDE Initiative was implemented in 13 buffer zone communities of La Amistad Biosphere Reserve. This program introduced citrus (Citrus spp.) and promoted the widespread inclusion of poró (Erythrina poeppigiana) shade trees, ground story vegetation, and soil conservation techniques to the local cultivation of coffee (Coffea arabica var caturra). This program sought long-term socioeconomic and ecological health in these buffer zone communities through conservation and development projects such as coffee agroforestry systems. This paper examines the ecological and socioeconomic benefits of two introduced coffee agroforestry systems: coffee-poró and coffee-citrus. The project has decreased agrochemical inputs, integrated multi-strata vegetation, and implemented soil conservation techniques such as vetiver grass, cover crops, terraces, water channeling, and shade trees in an effort to sustainably manage coffee production on the steep buffer zone slopes. The agroforestry project of the AMISCONDE Initiative has likely improved the production of coffee ecologically and economically. However, new specialty markets should be explored to increase economic and ecological gains. Organic and fair trade coffee niche markets are suggested as alternatives for meeting the long-term AMISCONDE objectives of community development and conservation.     

云南小粒种咖啡栽培技术的研究

本文对小粒种咖啡在云南省广大热区气候条件下进行了栽培试验,经过几年努力现已摸索出一套小粒种咖啡早实丰产优质的栽培技术。     

云南省咖啡生产现状、存在问题及今后发展意见

简述云南咖啡生产现状和生产上存在的开垦定植、田间管理差,品种使用混杂,湿法初加工工艺技术推广力度不够等问题,提出了促进咖啡产业发展的意见。     

Transpiration of Arabica Coffee and Associated Shade Tree Species in Sub-optimal, Low-altitude Conditions of Costa Rica

Sap flows of coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv ‘Costa Rica 95’) and associated timber trees (Eucalyptus deglupta or Terminalia ivorensis) or leguminous tree (Erythrina poeppigiana) were measured simultaneously during 12 months in 4-year-old coffee agroforestry systems in sub-optimal ecological conditions of Costa Rica. In the wet period, coffee and shade tree transpiration followed the daily patterns of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) while their transpiration was restricted at higher air VPD values (>1.5 kPa) registered during the dry period. Coffee transpired more per unit leaf area in full sun than under shade, an indication of higher environmental coffee stress in non shaded conditions. Nonetheless, coffee daily water consumption per hectare was generally higher under shade than in full sun due higher vegetative growth of shade-grown coffee plants. Minimum and maximum daily transpiration were 0.74 and 4.08 mm for coffee, 0.35 and 1.06 mm for E. deglupta, 0.70 and 2.10 mm for T. ivorensis and 0.13 and 0.79 mm for E. poeppigiana. Estimation of the annual combined water transpiration by coffee and shade trees was 20–250% higher than that of coffee grown in full sun. Nevertheless, there was no evidence that water use by associated trees decreased soil water availability for coffee and hence limited coffee transpiration in the dry season due to its relatively short length (3 months) and the high annual rainfall (over 3100 mm). In the sub-optimal, low altitude conditions of this experiment, E. deglupta was the optimum shade species as it maintained a more constant shade level throughout the year and ensured a better protection to coffee underneath than T. ivorensis and E. poeppigiana which underwent a complete defoliation during the adverse meteorological conditions of the dry period.     

关于加快思茅区咖啡产业发展的调研报告

普洱市思茅区是云南小粒咖啡主要产区之一,经20多年的发展,咖啡产业已成为该区财政增长、企业增收、山区农民脱贫致富的新兴特色产业.面对新的发展咖啡产业的大好形势,2010年思茅区委、政府组织对区内咖啡企业、种植基地和相关单位进行调研,提出了加快思茅区咖啡产业发展的措施和建议.